@article{Brockington_2022, title={Verbal and Visual Texts of the Rāma Narrative}, volume={24}, url={https://journals.akademicka.pl/cis/article/view/4803}, DOI={10.12797/CIS.24.2022.02.01}, abstractNote={<p>This article examines what we mean by a text: is it verbal (whether written or oral), mental, visual, or a combination? All of these forms are found within the various types of artistic expression centred on the Rāmāyaṇa tradition. I start with the relief sculptures, some of which are centuries early than any extant manuscripts. After a brief comment on the evolution of the <em>Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa</em> text, I then survey in turn some prestige illustrated <em>Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa</em> manuscripts, less notable <em>Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa</em> manuscripts, illustrated manuscripts of the <em>Rāmcaritmānas</em> and other vernacular versions, and sets or series of paintings illustrating the Rāma story (including some single paintings), showing the diverse range of forms it has taken over time and something of the adaptations it has undergone.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Cracow Indological Studies}, author={Brockington, John}, year={2022}, month={Dec.}, pages={1–24} }