TY - JOUR AU - Ostrowski, Norbert PY - 2020/05/16 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Dlaczego Bałtowie i Słowianie liczyli pokrewieństwo w kolanach, czyli o etymologii słow. kolěno ‘kolano; ród’ i lit. kẽlis ‘kolano; ród’ JF - LingVaria JA - LingVaria VL - 15 IS - 1(29) SE - Etymologia DO - 10.12797/LV.15.2020.29.16 UR - https://journals.akademicka.pl/lv/article/view/1007 SP - 251-264 AB - <p><strong>Why did Balts and Slavs count kinship in knees, or the etymology of slav. Kolěno ‘knee; tribe’ and lith. Kẽlis ‘knee; tribe’</strong></p><p>OCS. <em>kolěno</em> ‘knee; tribe, generation’ (cf. Polish <em>pokolenie</em> ‘generation’) and Lith. <em>kẽlis</em> ‘knee; joint in a plant; tribe; degree of kinship’ come from old adjectives with possessive suffixes (<em>-ěn-</em> in Slavic and <em>-ija-</em> in Baltic). Their primary meaning was ‘a joint in the body’ (*‘a rotating part of the body’). Both were formed from nouns with the meaning ‘wheel’ (OCS. <em>kolo</em>, <em>kolese</em> ‘wheel’, Old Prussian <em>kelan</em> ‘wheel’, Latvian <em>duceles</em> ‘chaise’; IDE. <em>*kwelh1-</em> ‘to turn, to rotate’). The hypothesis proposed in this paper explains the semantic relationship between Slav. <em>kolěno</em> ‘knee; tribe, generation’ and Proto-Slav. <em>*kel-nŭ-</em> &gt; <em>*čelnŭ-</em> &gt; Slovenian <em>člèn</em> // Serbo-Croatian <em>člȃn</em> ‘joint; ankle, talus’. Assuming that the meaning ‘joint’ was the original one, OCS. <em>kolěno</em> ‘tribe, generation’ and Lith. <em>kẽlis</em> ‘degree in relationship; tribe’ can be interpreted as old terms of customary law in the field of succession. The counting of kinship by enumeration of body parts from the head to the middle fingernail has been preserved in Middle Low German customary law, so-called “Sachsenspiegel”. The hypothesis is supported by numerous parallels: Lith. <em>sąnarys</em> ‘a joint in the body; (OLith.) ‘generation’, Lith. <em>stráipsnis</em> ‘body part; (OLith.) generation’, OPr. <em>streipstan</em> ‘body part; generation’, Middle High German Gelied ‘body part; generation’, and Middle Low German <em>lede</em> ‘a joint in the body; body part; degree of kinship’.</p> ER -