Bliskowschodni wymiar doktryny bezpieczeństwa narodowego USA po 11 września 2001 r.
Doktryny George’a W. Busha i Baracka Obamy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.43.03Słowa kluczowe:
doktryna, polityka, geopolityka, terroryzmAbstrakt
Middle Eastern dimension of US national security doctrine after 09/11. Doctrines of George W. Bush and Barack Obama
The paper aims at analyzing of the foreign policy through the so called presidential doctrines after 11th September of 2001. Tremendous change in the viewing of the international security threats, influenced resolutely the political ideologies in the United States. Changed view of multiple issues important for the internal security leads to the conclusion, that new kind of international security policy came into being after those terroristic attacks. Such classification allows to send clear message to the recipients of those doctrines, that the stabilization and security are the basis for a new creation of international relations.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Apanowicz J., Metodologia ogólna, Gdynia 2002.
View in Google Scholar
Art R., A Grand Strategy for America, Ithaca 2003, Cornell Studies in Security Affairs.
View in Google Scholar
Badie D., Doctrinal Cycles and the Dual‑Crisis of 1979, „International Studies Perspectives” 2011, Vol. 12, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528‑3585.2011.00428.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-3585.2011.00428.x
View in Google Scholar
Baram A., Qawmiyya and Wataniyya in Ba’thi Iraq: the Search for a New Balance, „Middle Eastern Studies” 1983, Vol. 19, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263208308700542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208308700542
View in Google Scholar
Barry J., Zbigniew Brzeziński: Egipt kipi, „Neewsweek” 2011, 2 II.
View in Google Scholar
Bartyzel J., Szlachta B., Wielomski A., Encyklopedia polityczna, t. 1: Myśl polityczna – główne pojęcia, doktryny i formy ustroju, Radom 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Borum R., Psychology of Terrorism, Tampa 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Brands H.W., Presidential Doctrines. An Introduction, „Presidential Studies Quarterly” 2006, Vol. 36, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741‑5705.2006.00281.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00281.x
View in Google Scholar
Brinkley D., Democratic Enlargement. The Clinton Doctrine, „Foreign Policy” 1997, nr 106, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1149177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1149177
View in Google Scholar
Brzezinski Z., Second Chance. Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower, New York 2008.
View in Google Scholar
Bush G.W., Decision Points, New York 2010.
View in Google Scholar
Caprioli M., Trumbore P.F., Rhetoric versus Reality. Rogue States in Interstate Conflict, „The Journal of Conflict Resolution” 2005, Vol. 49, nr 5, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002705279335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002705279335
View in Google Scholar
Chittick W.O., Billingsley R.K., Travis R., A Three‑Dimensional Model of American Foreign Policy Beliefs, „International Studies Quarterly” 1995, Vol. 39, nr 3, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2600923
View in Google Scholar
Chojnicka K., Olszewski H., Historia doktryn politycznych i prawnych. Podręcznik akademicki, Poznań 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Colucci L.C., The National Security Doctrines of the American Presidency. How they Shape our Present and Future, Santa Barbara 2012.
View in Google Scholar
Crenshaw M., The Causes of Terrorism, „Comparative Politics” 1981, Vol. 13, nr 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/421717
View in Google Scholar
Damon A., Abu Ghraib’s Legacy, CNN, [online] http://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2011/12/19/nat‑abu‑ghraib‑legacy.cnn.
View in Google Scholar
Debating Arab Authoritarianism. Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes, ed. O. Schlumberger, Stanford 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Diamond L., Developing Democracy. Toward Consolidation, Baltimore 1999.
View in Google Scholar
Dorrien G., Imperial Designs. Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana, London 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Electoral Authoritarianism. The Dynamics of Unfree Competition, ed. A. Schedler, Boulder 2006.
View in Google Scholar
Fiedler R., Od przywództwa do hegemonii. Stany Zjednoczone wobec bliskowschodniego obszaru niestabilności w latach 1991‑2009, Poznań 2010.
View in Google Scholar
Fukuyama F., After the Neocons. America at the Crossroads, London 2006, Castle Lectures in Ethics, Politics and Economics.
View in Google Scholar
Fukuyama F., McFaul M., Should Democracy be Promoted or Demoted?, The Stanley Foundation Project on Bridging the Foreign Policy Divide, 2007, [online] http://www.stanleyfoundation.org/publications/other/FukuyMcFaul07.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Fyderek Ł., Autorytarny system polityczny: przegląd ujęć teoretycznych, „Politeja” 2011, nr 3(17).
View in Google Scholar
Gaffney Jr. J.F., America’s First Muslim President? Obama Aligns with the Policies of Shariah Adherents, „Washington Times” 2009, 9 VI.
View in Google Scholar
Gelb L.H., Betts R.K., The Irony of Vietnam. The System Worked, Washington 1979.
View in Google Scholar
Graham S., When Life Itself Is War. On The Urbanization Of Military And Security Doctrine, „International Journal of Urban and Regional Research” 2012, Vol. 36, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468‑2427.2011.01026.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01026.x
View in Google Scholar
Habib A., The Deadly Lie of Democracy in Iraq, „The Electronic Intifada” 2010, 18 XI, [online] http://electronicintifada.net/content/deadly‑lie‑democracy‑iraq/9114.
View in Google Scholar
Halper S., Clarke J., America Alone. The Neo‑Conservatives and the Global Order, Cambridge 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511509773
View in Google Scholar
Holsti O.R., Rosenau J.N., The Structure of Foreign Policy Attitudes among American Leaders, „Journal of Politics” 1990, Vol. 52, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2131421
View in Google Scholar
Homolar‑Riechmann A., The Moral Purpose of US Power. Neoconservatism in the Age of Obama, „Contemporary Politics” 2009, Vol. 15, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569770902858111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13569770902858111
View in Google Scholar
Horelick A., Perspectives on the Study of Comparative Military Doctrines, Santa Monica 1974.
View in Google Scholar
Huntington S.P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York 1997.
View in Google Scholar
Hurwitz J., Peffley M., How Are Foreign Policy Attitudes Structured? A Hierarchical Model, „American Political Science Review” 1987, Vol. 81, nr 4, [online] https://doi.org/10.2307/1962580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1962580
View in Google Scholar
Jaskuła S., Symbioza i odrębność dwóch światów, „Politeja” 2012, nr 2/2 (20/2).
View in Google Scholar
Jervis R., Understanding the Bush Doctrine, „Political Science Quarterly” 2003, Vol. 118, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00398.x
View in Google Scholar
Johnson R.H., Misguided Morality. Ethics and the Reagan Doctrine, „Political Science Quarterly” 1988, Vol. 103, nr 3, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2150761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2150761
View in Google Scholar
Kapiszewski A., Reformy polityczne w Arabii Saudyjskiej, 1991‑2004, „Politeja” 2004, nr 2, s. 139‑144.
View in Google Scholar
Kaplan L.F., Kristol W., The War Over Iraq. Saddam’s Tyranny and America’s Mission, San Francisco 2003.
View in Google Scholar
Karatnycky A., Gains for Freedom Amid Terror and Uncertainty, Freedom House, 2004, [online] http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom‑world‑2004/essay‑gains‑freedom‑amid‑terror‑and‑uncertainty; Kennan G.F., Memoirs, 1925‑1950, New York 1983.
View in Google Scholar
Kiwerska J., Strategia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego USA, „Biuletyn Instytutu Zachodniego” 2010, nr 40.
View in Google Scholar
Krauthammer C., The Neoconservative Convergence, „Wall Street Journal” 2005, 21 VII.
View in Google Scholar
Kristol I., Contribution, „Commentary” 1975, Vol. 60: America Now. A Failure of Nerve?
View in Google Scholar
Kristol I., The Neoconservative Persuasion, „The Weekly Standard” 2003, Vol. 8, nr 47.
View in Google Scholar
Krzynówek A., Amerykańska strategia demokratyzacji Iraku: wizja, próba implementacji, perspektywy na przyszłość, „Politeja” 2005, nr 1(3).
View in Google Scholar
Labat S., Les islamistes algériens. Entre les urnes et le maquis, Paris 1995, Épreuve des Faits.
View in Google Scholar
Leffler M.P., 9/11 and the Past and Future of American Foreign Policy, „International Affairs” 2003, Vol. 79, nr 5, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468‑2346.2003.00354.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00354.x
View in Google Scholar
Leiber R.J., Persistent Primacy and the Future of the American Era, „International Politics” 2009, Vol. 46, nr 2/3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ip.2008.44
View in Google Scholar
Levitzky S., Way L.A., Competitive Authoritarianism. Hybrid Regimes after Cold War, Cambridge–New York 2010, Problems of International Politics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511781353
View in Google Scholar
Litwak R.S., Détente and the Nixon Doctrine. American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, Cambridge 1986, International Studies.
View in Google Scholar
Mann J., The Obamians. The Struggle Inside the White House to Redefine American Power, New York 2012.
View in Google Scholar
Melanson R.A., American Foreign Policy Since the Vietnam War. The Search for Consensus from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush, Armonk 2005.
View in Google Scholar
Milczanowski M., Sawicka Z., Dwa odcienie rewolucji arabskiej: Egipt i Syria, Oświęcim 2013.
View in Google Scholar
Milczanowski M., Wpływ egipskiej Arabskiej Wiosny na strategię bezpieczeństwa USA, „Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe” 2013, nr 3.
View in Google Scholar
Mosca G., Historia doktryn politycznych od starożytności do naszych czasów, Warszawa 1939.
View in Google Scholar
Murray S.K., Anchors Against Change. American Opinion Leaders’ Beliefs after the Cold War, Ann Arbor 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.15178
View in Google Scholar
Nasri A.D., La charte des musulmans d’Europe vue dans le contexte français, thesis/dissertation, University of Oslo 2009.
View in Google Scholar
Nye Jr. J., Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics, New York 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Obama B., Renewing American Leadership, „Foreign Affairs” 2007, Vol. 86.
View in Google Scholar
Obama Gives a Bush Speech; U.S. Talking Points on Islam Haven’t Changed, „Washington Times” 2009, 5 VII.
View in Google Scholar
Osman F., Islam in a Modern State. Democracy and the Concept of Shura, Washington 2001, Occasional Papers Series – Georgetown University. Center for Muslim‑Christian Understanding.
View in Google Scholar
Otłowski T., Psychologiczne aspekty terroryzmu – zarys problemu, „Biuletyn Opinie” 2009, nr 14.
View in Google Scholar
Podhoretz N., In Praise of the Bush Doctrine, „Commentary” IX 2002.
View in Google Scholar
Poggio Teixeira C.G., The Convenient Enemy – Neocons, Global Jihadists and the Road to Iraq, „Meridiano” 2011, Vol. 47, nr 126.
View in Google Scholar
Posen B., The Sources of Military Doctrine. France, Britain, and Germany between the World Wars, Ithaca 1984, Cornell Studies in Security Affairs.
View in Google Scholar
Queffélec A. i in., Le français en Algérie. Lexique et dynamique des langues, Bruxelles 2002, Champs linguistiques. Recueils. Universités francophones. Actualités linguistiques francophones.
View in Google Scholar
Ranjan R.K., Jain P.C., The Decline of Educational System in Iraq, „Journal of Peace Studies” 2009, Vol. 16, nr 1‑2.
View in Google Scholar
Raphaeli N., Understanding Muqtada al‑Sadr, „Middle East Quarterly” 2004, Vol. 11, nr 4.
View in Google Scholar
Renshon S.A., National Security in the Obama Administration. Reassessing the Bush Doctrine, New York 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874516
View in Google Scholar
Roy D.A., The Educational System of Iraq, „Middle Eastern Studies” 1993, Vol. 29, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209308700943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00263209308700943
View in Google Scholar
Schmidt B.C., Williams M.C., The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War. Neoconservatives Versus Realists, „Security Studies” 2008, Vol. 17, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636410802098990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802098990
View in Google Scholar
Scott J.M., Deciding to Intervene. The Reagan Doctrine and American Foreign Policy, Durham 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smwnx
View in Google Scholar
Słownik społeczny, red. B. Szlachta, Kraków 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Szahaj A., E pluribus unum? Dylematy wielokulturowości i politycznej poprawności, Kraków 2004, Horyzonty Nowoczesności, 36.
View in Google Scholar
Szlachta B., Szkice o konserwatyzmie, Kraków 2008, Biblioteka Myśli Politycznej, 64.
View in Google Scholar
Szymborski W., Międzynarodowe stosunki polityczne, Bydgoszcz 2008.
View in Google Scholar
Tonelson A., The Real National Interest, „Foreign Policy” 1985, nr 61, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1148701
View in Google Scholar
Wittkopf E.R., Faces of Internationalism. Public Opinion and Foreign Policy, Durham 1990.
View in Google Scholar
Wordliczek Ł., Polityka zagraniczna pierwszych czterech lat prezydentury Baracka Obamy. Kontynuacja czy zmiana?, „Politeja” 2013, nr 1(23).
View in Google Scholar
Zając J., Koncepcja bezpieczeństwa USA, [w:] Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe po zimnej wojnie, red. R. Zięba, Warszawa 2008, Studia Europejskie.
View in Google Scholar
Mowy (w porządku chronologicznym)
View in Google Scholar
[Bush G.W.], Statement by the President in His Address to the Nation, 11 IX 2001, [online] http://georgewbush‑whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/print/20010911‑16.html.
View in Google Scholar
[Bush G.W.], President Bush Delivers Graduation Speech at West Point, United States Military Academy West Point, New York, 1 VI 2002, [online] http://georgewbush‑whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/06/print/20020601‑3.html.
View in Google Scholar
[Bush G.W.], President Discusses Global War on Terror Following Briefing at CENTCOM, Tampa, Florida, 17 II 2006, [online] https://georgewbush‑whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/02/images/20060217‑4_64jpg‑515h.html.
View in Google Scholar
Nomination Hearing To Be Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Senate Foreign Relations Committee Washington, DC, 13 I 2009, [online] http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2009a/01/115196.htm.
View in Google Scholar
[Obama B.], Remarks of President Barack Obama – Responsibly Ending the War in Iraq, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, 27 II 2009, [online] http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks‑of‑President‑Barack‑Obama‑Responsibly‑Ending‑the‑War‑in‑Iraq.
View in Google Scholar
[Obama B.], Remarks by the president on a new beginning, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, The White House, Office Of The Press Secretary, 4 VI 2009, [online] http://www.whitehouse.gov/the‑press‑office/remarks‑president‑cairo‑university‑6‑04‑09.
View in Google Scholar
Dokumenty (w porządku chronologicznym)
View in Google Scholar
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House, Washington 2002.
View in Google Scholar
National Strategy for Homeland Security, The White House, VII 2002, [online] https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/nat‑strat‑hls‑2002.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, The White House, XII 2002, [online] http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/nspd‑wmd.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, The White House, II 2003, [online] http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/60172.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Freedom of the World 2002‑2003, Freedom House, New York 2003.
View in Google Scholar
UNESCO, Situation Analysis of Education in Iraq, Paris 200.
View in Google Scholar
The Doha Declaration for Democracy and Reform, „Journal of Democracy” 2004, Vol. 15, nr 4.
View in Google Scholar
Deklaracja końcowa konferencji „Arab Reform Issues: Vision and Implementation”, Biblioteka Aleksandryjska w Egipcie, 12‑14 III 2004.
View in Google Scholar
The National Intelligence Strategy of the United States, The White House, X 2005, [online] https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nis.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House, Washington 2006.
View in Google Scholar
National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, The White House, IX 2006, [online] http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/NSCT0906.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
U.S. Army Field Manual: Counterinsurgency, 15 XII 2006, [online] http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/Repository/Materials/COIN‑FM3‑24.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, 6 II 2006, [online] http://www.comw.org/qdr/qdr2006.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
The U.S. National Strategy for Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication, VI 2007, [online] http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/state/natstrat_strat_comm.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
