Interesy państw a działalność amerykańskich korporacji międzynarodowych w latach 60. i 70. XX wieku
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.12.2015.39.08Słowa kluczowe:
korporacje międzynarodowe, współzależność państw narodowych i korporacji, inwestycje amerykańskie w Europie ZachodniejAbstrakt
The national interests and the activities of the American international corporations in the 1960s and 1970s
The main purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of international corporations on both domestic and foreign policy of the home and host countries as well as on intergovernmental relations. In the 1960s. and the 1970s. the predominant role of the US enterprises could be observed. Those companies invested mostly in the EC countries. They were welcomed there after the WWII, but the host countries felt growing concerns. They started to perceive the activities of the American enterprises as a challenge to national interest and even the national sovereignty. Therefore the actions to prevent foreign dominance were undertaken and the politicization of those matters was quite frequent. Also the authorities of the United States tried to control excessive capital flows and the transfer of certain goods and technology to the „enemy countries”. Moreover, the American corporations were reluctant to the unnecessary links with the US government as they wanted to avoid its impact on their activities.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Akard P.J., Corporate Mobilization and Political Power. The Transformation of U.S. Economic Policy in the 1970s., „American Sociological Review” 1992, Vol. 57, nr 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095915
View in Google Scholar
Behrman J.N., National Interests and the Multinational Enterprise. Tensions Among the North Atlantic Countries, Eaglewood Clifs 1970.
View in Google Scholar
Bergsten C.F., Toward a New International Economic Order. Selected Papers of C.F. Bergsten, 1972‑1974, Lexington 1975.
View in Google Scholar
Congressional Record. Proceeding and Debates of the First Session of the 93rd Congress, [online] http://www.archive.org/stream/congressionalrec119qunit/congressionalrec119qunit_djvu.txt.
View in Google Scholar
Cowan E., The Gasoline Shortage. Real or Contrived?, „New York Times” 1973, 8 VI.
View in Google Scholar
Diebold W. Jr., U.S. Trade Policy. The New Political Dimension, „Foreign Affairs” 1974, Vol. 52, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20038065
View in Google Scholar
Elia C.J., Europeans, Japanese Find the Time is Ripe to Acquire US Firms, „Wall Street Journal” 1973, 22 IV.
View in Google Scholar
Feld W., Political Aspects of Transnational Business Collaboration in the Common Market, „International Organization” 1970, Vol. 24, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300025893
View in Google Scholar
Gannon J., High Level Friends, „Wall Street Journal” 1972, 13 I.
View in Google Scholar
Gilpin R., Global Political Economy. Understanding the International Economic Order, Princeton 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831272
View in Google Scholar
Gilpin R., Three Models of the Future, [w:] Key Concepts in International Political Economy, Vol. 1, red. D. Baldwin, Vermont 1993.
View in Google Scholar
Gilpin R., US Power and the Multinational Corporation. The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment, New York 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01354-8_3
View in Google Scholar
Goodman E.R., The Fate of the Atlantic Community, New York 1975, Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Government.
View in Google Scholar
Goodman E.R., The Impact of the Multinational Enterprise upon Atlantic Community, [w:] The New Europe and the U.S. Partners or Rivals, red. G. Mally, Lexington 1974, Lexington Books.
View in Google Scholar
Harryvan A.G., Van der Harst J. (red.), Documents on European Union, New York 1997, Documents in History Series. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25659-4
View in Google Scholar
Holzman F.D., Legvold R., The Economics and Politics of East‑West Relations, „International Organization” 1975, Vol. 29, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300017963
View in Google Scholar
Hymer S., International Operations of National Firms. A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge 1976, MIT Monographs in Economics, 14.
View in Google Scholar
Ikenberry J., Lake D.A., Mastanduno M., Introduction. Approaches to Explaining American Foreign Economic Policy, „International Organization” 1988, Vol. 42, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300007116
View in Google Scholar
Janssen R.F., Multinationals Face Disorderly Struggle Over Foreign Controls, Conference Finds, „The Wall Street Journal” 1973, 8 I.
View in Google Scholar
Jarczewska‑Romaniuk A., Relacje polityki i ekonomii w procesie globalizacji, [w:] Globalizacja a stosunki międzynarodowe, red. E. Haliżak, R. Kuźniar, J. Symonides, Bydgoszcz–Warszawa 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Jones G., Nationality and Multinationals in Historical Perspective, [online] http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/06‑052.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Kaiser K., Transnational Relations as the Threat to the Democratic Process, „International Organization” 1971, Vol. 25, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300026400
View in Google Scholar
Kaliński J., Zarys historii gospodarczej XIX i XX w., Warszawa 2000.
View in Google Scholar
Kemp T., The Climax of Capitalism. The U.S. Economy in the Twentieth Century, New York 1990.
View in Google Scholar
Keohane R., Nye J., Power and Interdependence. World Politics in Transition, Boston 1977.
View in Google Scholar
Keohane R., V.D. Ooms, The Multinational Enterprise and World Political Economy, „International Organization” 1975, Vol. 26, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300002897
View in Google Scholar
Keohane R., V.D. Ooms, The Multinational Firm and International Regulations, [w:] World Politics and International Economics, red. C.F. Bergsten, L.B. Krause, Washington 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300017938
View in Google Scholar
Kneelands D., Energy. Many Skeptical on Reasons of Crisis, „New York Times” 1973, 23 XII.
View in Google Scholar
Korbin S.J., Sovereignty@Bay. Globalization, Multinational Enterprise, and the International Political System, [w:] Oxford Handbook of International Business, red. A.M. Rugman, T.L. Brewer, Oxford 2009.
View in Google Scholar
Krasner S., Defending the National Interest. Raw Materials, Investment and American Foreign Policy, Princeton, N.J. 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691219516
View in Google Scholar
Kuisel R.F., Seducing the French. The Dilemma of Americanization, Berkeley 1993.
View in Google Scholar
Magdoff H., The Age of Imperialism. The Economics of U.S. Foreign Policy, New York 1969.
View in Google Scholar
Makać A., Współczesna gospodarka światowa. Jej istota i struktura, [w:] Przemiany we współczesnej gospodarce światowej, red. nauk. E. Oziewicz, Warszawa 2006.
View in Google Scholar
Matera P., Uwarunkowania ekonomiczne polityki Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Europy Zachodniej za prezydentury Richarda M. Nixona (1969‑1974), Łódź 2012.
View in Google Scholar
Matera P., Matera R., Stany Zjednoczone i Europa. Stosunki polityczne i gospodarcze. 1776‑2004, Warszawa 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Multinational Corporations in World Development, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [online] http://unctc.unctad.org/data/e73iia11a.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, MD, Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, NSC Institutional „H” Files, Study Memorandums (1969‑1974).
View in Google Scholar
Nolan M., The Transatlantic Century. Europe and America, 1890‑2010, Cambridge 2012, New Approaches to European History, 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/T842015760
View in Google Scholar
Nye J.S., Multinationals. The Game and the Rules. Multinational Corporations in World Politics, „Foreign Affairs” 1974, Vol. 53, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20039497
View in Google Scholar
Panitch L., Konings M., Demystifying Imperial Finance, [w:] American Empire and the Political Economy of Global Finance, red. L. Panitch, M. Konings, New York 2008, International political economy series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm)). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230227675
View in Google Scholar
Pastor R.A., Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy (1929‑1976), Berkeley 1980.
View in Google Scholar
Policy Aspects of Foreign Investment by US Multinational Corporations, [w:] The Multinational Corporation. Studies on US Foreign Investment, Vol. 1, Office of International Investments, Washington 1972, United States Department of Commerce Publication.
View in Google Scholar
Porter M., The Competitive Advantage of Nations, „Harvard Business Review” 1990, Vol. 68, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11336-1_2
View in Google Scholar
Ranelagh J., The Agency. The Rise and Decline of the CIA, New York 1987.
View in Google Scholar
Ray D.M., Corporations and American Foreign Relations, „The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1972, Vol. 403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627240300108
View in Google Scholar
Rodman K., Sanctions Beyond Borders. Multinational Corporations and US Economic Statecraft, Lanham 2001.
View in Google Scholar
Rostow W., The Stages of Economic Growth. A Non‑Communist Manifesto, Cambridge 1960.
View in Google Scholar
Rugman A., Multinationals and Canada‑United States Free Trade, Columbia 1990, Critical Issues Facing the Multinational Enterprise.
View in Google Scholar
Servan‑Schreiber J.‑J., The American Challenge, New York 1968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060100401
View in Google Scholar
Spero J.E., The Politics of International Economic Relations, New York 1999.
View in Google Scholar
Staats E.B., U.S. Foreign Relations and Multinational Corporations. What’s the Connection?, Report to the Congress, 23 VIII 1978, [online] http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/123830.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Strange S., The Retreat of the State. The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, New York 1996, Cambridge Studies in International Relations, 49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511559143
View in Google Scholar
Świerkocki J., Zarys międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych, Warszawa 2004.
View in Google Scholar
Vernon R., The Economic and Political Consequences of Multinational Enterprises, Boston 1972.
View in Google Scholar
Vernon R., International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, „Quarterly Journal of Economics” 1966, Vol. 80, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1880689
View in Google Scholar
Vernon R., Sovereignty at Bay Ten Years After, „International Organization” 1981, Vol. 35, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300032562
View in Google Scholar
Vernon R., Sovereignty‑at‑bay. The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises, New York 1971, Harvard Multinational Enterprise Series. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060130401
View in Google Scholar
Vernon R., Storm over the Multinationals. The Real Issue, Cambridge, Mass. 1977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674499539
View in Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
