Polish Territorial Defence Forces and Innovation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Assessment of the Potential of a Mixed-type Force in Non-military Crisis Response
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.79.11Słowa kluczowe:
Territorial Defence Forces, Polish Armed Forces, innovation, crisis responseAbstrakt
Innovation can be understood in multiple ways. It can be seen as big breakthroughs and the introduction of entirely new inventions or as small, incremental changes introduced to existing products, processes, or solutions. Innovation can also be considered as a capability or a characteristic of individuals and organisations. It is viewed as one of the desired (if not crucial) aspects of functioning in a complex environment. This also refers to the armed forces and their activities during war and in response to crises. One of the biggest changes in the Polish Armed Forces in the second decade of the 21st century was the establishment of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF), a mixed service comprising volunteer and full-time soldiers. This article aims to assess the innovative potential as well as the potential for innovation of such a mixed type of force in non-military crisis response by reviewing the key characteristics and actions carried out by the TDF.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Banasiak P., “Motywuje nas chęć pomagania”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 22 November 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/708782/motywuje-nas-chec-pomagania. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2021.1878547
View in Google Scholar
Bellis M., “The Inventor of Touch Screen Technology”, ThoughtCo.com, 12 July 2018, at https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-touch-screen-technology-1992535.
View in Google Scholar
Białas T., “Fear as a Determining Factor in the Development of Special Forces and the Territorial Defence Forces in Poland in the 21st Century”, Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka, vol. 44, no. 3 (2021), pp. 179-191, http://dx.doi.org/10.48269/2451-0718-btip-2021-3-013.
View in Google Scholar
Bijlsma T., Bogenrieder I., Baalen P. van, “Learning Military Organizations and Organizational Change”, in Managing Military Organizations: Theory and Practice, J. Soeters, P.C. van Fenema, R. Beeres (eds), London 2010.
View in Google Scholar
Broesder W., Vogelaar A., Euwema M.C., “The Peacekeeping Warrior. A Theoretical Model”, in Blurring Military and Police Roles, M. Easton et al. (eds), The Hague 2010.
View in Google Scholar
Brooks R., “Paradoxes of Professionalism: Rethinking Civil-Military Relations in the United States”, International Security, vol. 44, no. 4 (2020), pp. 7-44, https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00374
View in Google Scholar
Compa T., „Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej i Narodowe Siły Rezerwowe w Systemie Obrony Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej”, Facta Simonidis, vol. 1, no. 13 (2020), pp. 79-98.
View in Google Scholar
Cooper R.G., “Perspective: The Stage-Gates® Idea-to-Launch Process – Update, What’s New, and NexGen Systems”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 25, no. 3 (2008), pp. 213-232, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00296.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00296.x
View in Google Scholar
Czerwińska M., “Służba wojskowa kobiet w siłach zbrojnych RP wczoraj i dziś”, Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 23 February 2022, at https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/sluzba-wojskowa-kobiet-w-silach-zbrojnych-rp-wczoraj-i-dzis.
View in Google Scholar
Dyer J.H., Gregersen H., Christensen C.M., “The Innovator’s DNA”, Harvard Business Review, December 2009, at https://hbr.org/2009/12/the-innovators-dna.
View in Google Scholar
Fagerberg J., “Innovation: A Guide to the Literature”, in The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson (eds), Oxford 2006, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.001.0001
View in Google Scholar
Franke V.C., Preparing for Peace: Military Identity, Value Orientations, and Professional Military Education, Westport, CT 1999.
View in Google Scholar
Freeman Ch., Soete L., The Economics of Industrial Innovation, London 1997.
View in Google Scholar
Gibson C.B., Birkinshaw J., “The Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity”, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 47, no. 2 (2004), pp. 209-226, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/20159573
View in Google Scholar
Harmancioglu N. et al., “Your New Product Development (NPD) Is Only as Good as Your Process: An Exploratory Analysis of New NPD Process Design and Implementation”, R&D Management, vol. 37, no. 5 (2007), pp. 399-424, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00486.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00486.x
View in Google Scholar
Huntington S., The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations, Cambridge, MA 1957.
View in Google Scholar
Jędruszczuk I., “Kobiety w WOT”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 7 March 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/651073/kobiety-w-wot.
View in Google Scholar
Kahn K.B., “Understanding Innovation”, Business Horizons, vol. 61, no. 3 (2018), pp. 453-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011
View in Google Scholar
Klisz M., “Regionalna obrona terytorialna – możliwości i szanse współpracy”, Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe, vol. 15, no. 4 (2018), pp. 87-107.
View in Google Scholar
Mazurkiewicz A., Civil-Military Cooperation in International Interventions: The Role of Soldiers, London 2022, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159001
View in Google Scholar
Mazurkiewicz A., “The Dynamics of the Contemporary Military Role: In Search of Flexibility”, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio K Politologia, vol. 25, no. 2 (2018), pp. 7-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2018.25.2.7-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/k.2018.25.2.7-24
View in Google Scholar
Miernicka M., “Rubiny w walce z epidemią”, Polska Zbrojna, 21 May 2020, at http://polskazbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/31234?t=Rubiny-w-walce-z-epidemia#.
View in Google Scholar
Panagopoulos G., “Aspects of Organizational Ambidexterity”, Journal of Global Strategic Management, vol. 1, no. 10 (2016), https://doi.org/10.20460/JGSM.20161022382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20460/JGSM.20161022382
View in Google Scholar
Pietrzak M., “Aplikacja, która ułatwi pomoc!”, Wojsko Polskie, 9 April 2020, at https://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/dwot/articles/aktualnosci-w/2020-04-09c-aplikacja-ktora-uatwi-pomoc//.
View in Google Scholar
Pietrzak M., “Ciąg dalszy działań pomocowych WOT na Lubelszczyźnie”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 20 June 2019, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/446903/ciag-dalszy-dzialan-pomocowych-wot-na-lubelszczyznie.
View in Google Scholar
Pietrzak M., “Małopolscy Terytorialsi wspierają poszkodowanych po przejściu trąby powietrznej”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 25 June 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/676955/malopolscy-terytorialsi-wspieraja-poszkodowanych-po-przejsciutraby-powietrznej.
View in Google Scholar
Pietrzak M., “Podkarpaccy Terytorialsi usuwali skutki nawałnicy”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 27 June 2020, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/532843/podkarpaccyterytorialsi-usuwali-skutki-nawalnicy.
View in Google Scholar
“Pięć lat wojsk obrony terytorialnej”, Polska Zbrojna, 11 February 2022, at http://polskazbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/36445?t=Piec-lat-wojsk-obrony-terytorialnej#.
View in Google Scholar
Polish Air Force, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Sily-Powietrzne/.
View in Google Scholar
Polish Navy, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Marynarka-WojennaRP.
View in Google Scholar
“Pobór, a profesjonalizacja armii”, Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, at https://archiwum.mswia.gov.pl/pl/bezpieczenstwo/sprawy-obronne/6154,Pobor-a-profesjonalizacja-armii.html.
View in Google Scholar
Rosenberg N., Studies on Science and the Innovation Process, Singapore 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/7306
View in Google Scholar
Rosłaniec M., “Terytorialsi wykorzystali innowacją technologię podczas matur”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 8 June 2020, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/523369/terytorialsi-wykorzystali-innowacja-technologie-podczas-matur.
View in Google Scholar
Ruffa Ch., Dandeker Ch., Vennesson P., “Soldiers Drawn into Politics? The Influence of Tactics in Civil-Military Relations”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, vol. 24, no. 2 (2013), pp. 322-334, https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2013.778035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2013.778035
View in Google Scholar
Shields P.M., Soeters J., “Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, Positive Peace, and Public Administration”, American Review of Public Administration, vol. 47, no. 3 (2017), pp. 323-339, https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015589629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015589629
View in Google Scholar
Smith W.R., Treem J.W., Love B., “Communicative Signaling of Occupational Fitness: How Innovative Ability Is Expressed and Assessed”, Communication Monographs, vol. 86, no. 3 (2019), pp. 313-335, https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1557719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1557719
View in Google Scholar
Soeters J., Fenema P.C. van, Beeres R., “Introducing Military Organizations”, in Managing Military Organizations. Theory and Practice, J. Soeters, P.C. van Fenema, R. Beeres (eds), London 2010, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857106
View in Google Scholar
Soeters J., Winslow D., Weibull A., “Military Culture”, in Handbook of the Sociology of the Military, G. Caforio (ed.), New York 2006, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34576-0_14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34576-0_14
View in Google Scholar
Sternberg R.J., Kaufman J.C., Pretz J.E., „The Propulsion Model of Creative Contributions Applied to the Arts and Letters”, Journal of Creative Behavior, vol. 35, no. 2 (2001), pp. 75-101, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2001.tb01223.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2001.tb01223.x
View in Google Scholar
Sternberg R.J., Pretz J.E., Kaufman J.C., “Types of Innovation”, in The International Handbook on Innovation, L.V. Shavinina (ed.), Oxford 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044198-6/50011-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044198-6/50011-5
View in Google Scholar
Stępka M., “Rezyliencja jako paradygmat bezpieczeństwa w czasach przewlekłych kryzysów”, Przegląd Politologiczny, vol. 26, no. 2 (2021), pp. 105-117, https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.2.7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.2.7
View in Google Scholar
Stępka M., Mazurkiewicz A., “The Curious Case of the COVID-19 Crisis and the Militarisation of Resilience”, LSE IDEAS CSEEP at Jagiellonian University, 7 December 2021, at https://cseep.uj.edu.pl/blog/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_syU1o8MlR1gt/147284642/149324533?fbclid=IwAR2mA-84chk0iK9HQjitL8r2NsWlseuMJofS7rw4_HaJBPrw5xXRieZdF0.
View in Google Scholar
Szczepaniak A., „Jestem pomocnym ramieniem i tarczą dla mojej społeczności”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 23 February 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/648157/jestem-pomocnym-ramieniem-i-tarcza-dla-mojej-spolecznosci-2021-02-22.
View in Google Scholar
Territorial Defence Forces, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Terytorialsi.
View in Google Scholar
Territorial Defence Forces Website, “FAQ”, 2022, at https://terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/faq.
View in Google Scholar
Territorial Defence Forces Website, „Nasza tożsamość”, 2022, at https://terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/nasza-tozsamosc.
View in Google Scholar
Ustawa z dnia 11 marca 2022 r. o obronie Ojczyzny, Dz.U. 2022, poz. 655.
View in Google Scholar
“ZUZIA I WYMAZUŚ – w WOT rusza kampania edukacyjna dla dzieci [mat. do pobrania]”, Wojsko Polskie, 27 May 2020, at https://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/3bot/articles/aktualnosci-w/2020-05-27m-zuzia-i-wymazus-w-wot-rusza-kampania-edukacyjna-dla-dzieci-matdo-pobrania/.
View in Google Scholar
Żemła E., “Generałowie krytycznie o Wojskach Obrony Terytorialnej”, Onet.pl, 22 May 2017, at https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/tylko-w-onecie/generalowie-krytycznie-o-wojskachobrony-terytorialnej/52knmdf.
View in Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
