Russian Discursive Transits in the Context of the Russo-Ukrainian War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.23.2026.101.12Słowa kluczowe:
konflikt, media, agresja rosyjska, wojna w Ukrainie, dyskurs wrogości, suwerenność informacyjnaAbstrakt
The article analyzes the contemporary aspects of discursive transit that the Russian regime performs in the context of the need to legitimate its war effort during the crisis of domestic media. This paper attempts to study the problem of which patterns of the discourse of hostility the Russian regime seeks to transfer into Western media discourse on the Russian war in Ukraine to legitimize it. The study of the interview of Vladimir Putin with Tucker Carlson was performed using discourse analysis methods. The interview was studied as an example of the discursive transit of the Russian wartime hostility discourse into the Western media sphere to gain sympathy and legitimize the war course. This problem is relevant in the context of contemporary qualitative political communication research, in understanding the core ideas that the Russian wartime discourse built. This moment is especially interesting in light of the EU-Ukraine cooperation and the constant development of the EU legislation in media regulation and security.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Akbaba S., “Re-narrating Europe in the Face of Populism: An Analysis of the Anti-immigration Discourse of Populist Party Leaders,” Insight Turkey, vol. 20, no. 3 (2018), pp. 199-218, https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2018203.14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2018203.14
View in Google Scholar
Alonso-Trabanco J.M., “The Hidden Meaning(s) of Tucker Carlson’s Putin Interview,” Modern Diplomacy, 19 February 2024, at https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/02/19/the-hidden-meanings-of-tucker-carlsons-putin-interview/.
View in Google Scholar
Atkinson J.M., Heritage J., Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, Cambridge 1984.
View in Google Scholar
Barnes C., “Citizen Journalism vs. Traditional Journalism: A Case for Collaboration,” Caribbean Quarterly, vol. 58, no. 2/3 (2012), pp. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2012.11672440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2012.11672440
View in Google Scholar
Brusylovska O., Maksymenko I., “Analysis of the Media Discourse on the 2022 War in Ukraine: The Case of Russia,” Regional Science Policy & Practice, vol. 15, no. 1 (2023), pp. 222-236, https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12579
View in Google Scholar
Caldeira S.P., De Ridder S., Van Bauwel S., “Exploring the Politics of Gender Representation on Instagram: Self-representations of Femininity,” DiGeSt. Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies, vol. 5, no. 1 (2018), pp. 23-42, https://doi.org/10.11116/digest.5.1.2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11116/digest.5.1.2
View in Google Scholar
Carlson. T., Exclusive: Tucker Carlson Interviews Vladimir Putin, 6 February 2024, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOCWBhuDdDo.
View in Google Scholar
Cordesman A. H., Hwang G., “The Ukraine War: Preparing for the Longer-Term Outcome,” [report], Center for Strategic and International Studies, 14 April 2022, at https://www.csis.org/analysis/ukraine-war-preparing-longer-term-outcome.
View in Google Scholar
Coser L., The Functions of the Social Conflict, New York 1956.
View in Google Scholar
Dahrendorf R., Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society, Stanford 1959.
View in Google Scholar
Darcy O., “Putin Walks Away with Propaganda Victory after Tucker Carlson’s Softball Interview,” CNN, 8 February 2024, at https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/08/media/vladimirputin-tucker-carlson-interview-reliable-sources/index.html.
View in Google Scholar
“Die Putin-Verstehen-Show,” Tagesschau, 9 February 2024, at https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/putin-interview-108.html.
View in Google Scholar
van Dijk T.A., “Critical Discourse Analysis,” in D. Tannen, D. Schiffrin, H. Hamilton (eds), Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Oxford 2001, pp. 352-371.
View in Google Scholar
van Dijk T.A., Discourse and Context: A Sociocognitive Approach, Cambridge 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481499
View in Google Scholar
van Dijk T.A., Discourse and Power: Contributions to Critical Discourse Studies , Basingstoke–New York 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07299-3
View in Google Scholar
van Dijk T.A., “Discourse and the Denial of Racism,” Discourse & Society, vol. 3, no. 1 (1992), pp. 87-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926592003001005
View in Google Scholar
van Dijk T.A., Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach, London–Thousands Oaks 1998.
View in Google Scholar
Eco U., Cinque scritti morali, [Five Moral Essays], Saint Petersburg 2003.
View in Google Scholar
Ericson R.V., “How Journalists Visualize Fact,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 560 (1998), pp. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716298560001007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716298560001007
View in Google Scholar
Faesen L., Sweijs T., Klimburg A., MacNamara C., Mazarr M., “Case Study: Responding to Russian Disinformation in Peacetime,” in L. Faesen, T. Sweijs, A. Klimburg, C. MacNamara, M. Mazarr (eds), From Blurred Lines to Red Lines: How Countermeasures and Norms Shape Hybrid Conflict, Hague 2020, pp. 16-31.
View in Google Scholar
Fairclough N., Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, London 1995.
View in Google Scholar
Frederick B., Charap S., Boston S., Flanagan S.J., Mazarr M.J., Moroney J.D.P., Mueller K.P., “Pathways to Russian Escalation Against NATO from the Ukraine War,” RAND Corporation Perspectives, July 2022, at https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA1900/PEA1971-1/RAND_PEA1971-1.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Freeden M., “Crisis? How Is That a Crisis?!: Reflections on an Overburdened Word,” Contributions to the History of Concepts, vol. 12, no. 2 (2017), pp. 12-28, https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2017.120202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2017.120202
View in Google Scholar
Friedrichs D.O., “The Legitimacy Crisis in the United States: A Conceptual Analysis,” Social Problems, vol. 27, no. 5 (1980), pp. 540-555, https://doi.org/10.2307/800195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1980.27.5.03a00040
View in Google Scholar
Galtung J., “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research,” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 6, no. 3 (1969), pp. 167-191, https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301
View in Google Scholar
Galtung J., Holmboe Ruge M., “The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norvegian Newspapers,” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 2, no. 1 (1965), pp. 64-90, https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336500200104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336500200104
View in Google Scholar
Gee J.P., An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method, New York 1999.
View in Google Scholar
Gounari P., “Authoritarianism, Discourse and Social Media: Trump as the ‘American Agitator’,” in J. Morelock (ed.), Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, vol. 9, London 2018, pp. 207-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book30.j
View in Google Scholar
Guriev S., Treisman S., “How Modern Dictators Survive: An Informational Theory of the New Authoritarianism,” NBER Working Papers No. 21136, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2015, https://doi.org/10.3386/w21136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w21136
View in Google Scholar
Habermas J., “What Does a Crisis Mean Today? Legitimation Problems in Late Capitalism,” Social Research, vol. 40, no. 4 (1973), pp. 643-667, https://www.jstor.org/stable/40970159.
View in Google Scholar
Harris Z.S., “Discourse Analysis,” Language, vol. 28, no. 1 (1952), reprint in J.A. Fodor, J.J. Katz (eds), The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of Language, New Jersey 1946, pp. 355-383.
View in Google Scholar
Härtel A., “Die Handlungsfähigkeit der EU im Ukrainekonflikt,” in A. Heinemann-Grüder, C. Crawford, T.B. Peters (eds), Lehren aus dem Ukrainekonflikt: Krisen vorbeugen, Gewalt verhindern*, Belin–Toronto 2022, pp. 203-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxccp.13
View in Google Scholar
Hartog E., Goryashko S., “Tucker Carlson’s Putin Interview: 9 takeaways,” Politico, 9 February 2024, at https://www.politico.eu/article/9-takeaway-vladimir-putin-interview-tucker-carlson/.
View in Google Scholar
Heath J., “A Defence of Stigmatization,” in Cooperation and Social Justice, Toronto 2022, pp. 163-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487538521-007
View in Google Scholar
Higashijima M., “A Theory of Autocratic Elections,” in The Dictator’s Dilemma at the Ballot Box: Electoral Manipulation, Economic Maneuvering, and Political Order in Autocracies, Ann Arbor 2022, pp. 32-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11978139
View in Google Scholar
Hogue S., “De cyberguerre à guerre TikTok: mobilisation de la participation numérique dans l’effort de guerre ukrainien,” in D. Simonyi, F. Côté (eds), Le Canada à l’aune de la guerre en Ukraine: penser la sécurité et la défense dans un monde en émergence, Sainte-Foy 2024, pp. 165-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11064724.13
View in Google Scholar
Housiaux A., “Existentialism and Instagram,” The Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 101, no. 4 (2019), pp. 48-51, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26861455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721719892975
View in Google Scholar
Institute for Economics & Peace, Global Peace Index 2021: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, [report], Sydney, June 2021, at http://visionofhumanity.org/reports.
View in Google Scholar
Institute for Economics & Peace, Global Peace Index 2022: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, [report], Sydney, June 2022, at http://visionofhumanity.org/resources.
View in Google Scholar
Janks H., “Critical Discourse Analysis as a Research Tool,” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, vol. 18, no. 3 (1997), pp. 329-342, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0159630970180302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0159630970180302
View in Google Scholar
Jolicoeur P., Seaboyer A., “L’intelligence artificielle russe comme outil de désinformation et de déception en Ukraine,” in D. Simonyi, F. Côté (eds), Le Canada à l’aune de la guerre en Ukraine: penser la sécurité et la défense dans un monde en émergence, Sainte-Foy 2024, pp. 143-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11064724.12
View in Google Scholar
Kalenský J., Osadchuk R., How Ukraine Fights Russian Disinformation: Beehive vs. Mammoth, Helsinki, 24 January 2024, at https://dfrlab.org/2024/01/24/how-ukraine-fights-russian-disinformation-beehive-vs-mammoth/.
View in Google Scholar
Kennedy H., Weber W., Engebretsen M., “Data Visualization and Transparency in the News,” in H. Kennedy, M. Engebretsen (eds), Data Visualization in Society, Amsterdam 2020, pp. 169-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzgb8c7.17
View in Google Scholar
Koselleck R., Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society, Cambridge 1988.
View in Google Scholar
Koselleck R., Richter M.W., “Crisis,” Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 67, no. 2 (2006), pp. 357-400, https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2006.0013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2006.0013
View in Google Scholar
Lecomte A., Marandin J.M., “Analyse du discours et morphologie discursive,” in Research in Text Connexity and Text Coherence: A Survey, Hamburg 1986, pp. 61-100.
View in Google Scholar
Leighninger M., “Can Journalists Use New Technologies to Build a Trusting, Sustaining Relationship with Their Audiences?,” National Civic Review, vol. 112, no. 4 (2024), pp. 17-22, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48756015.
View in Google Scholar
Libman A., “A New Economic Cold War? The Future of the Global Economy After the War in Ukraine,” Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, no. 21 (2022), pp. 148-159, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48686704.
View in Google Scholar
Locoman E., Lau R.R., “Narratives of Conflict: Russian Media’s Evolving Treatment of Ukraine (2013-2022),” Media, War & Conflict, vol. 18, no. 3 (2024), pp. 325-347, https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352241257053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352241257053
View in Google Scholar
Maingueneau D., Nouvelles tendances en analyse du discours, Paris 1987.
View in Google Scholar
McLaughlin G., “Journalism, Objectivity and War,” in The War Correspondent, London 2016, pp. 33-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_605051
View in Google Scholar
Menkiszak M., “Why War Came to Ukraine,” in Russia’s Long War on Ukraine, German Marshall Fund of the United States, 1 February 2016, pp. 2-8, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep19013.4.
View in Google Scholar
Michailidou A., Trenz H.J., “The Media as Public Intermediaries of Knowledge in Europe: From Deliberation to Democratic Legitimation,” in The Media as Public Intermediaries of Knowledge in Europe, London 2017, pp. 171-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315268033-10
View in Google Scholar
Polovyi, M., “Exploitation of the Right to Freedom of Expression for Promoting Pro-Russian Propaganda in Hybrid War,” Politeja, vol. 18, no. 2 (71) (2021), pp. 171-182, https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.18.2021.71.09. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.18.2021.71.09
View in Google Scholar
President of Russia, “Interview to Tucker Carlson,” 9 February 2024, at http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73411.
View in Google Scholar
“Putin Interview with Tucker Carlson Shows Kremlin Outreach to Trump’s GOP,” The Washington Post, 7 February 2024 at https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/07/tucker-carlson-putin-russia-ukraine/.
View in Google Scholar
Sadof K.D., “Finding a Visual Voice: The #Euromaidan Impact on Ukrainian Instagram Users,” in U.U. Frömming, S. Köhn, S. Fox, M. Terry (eds), Digital Environments: Ethnographic Perspectives Across Global Online and Offline Spaces, Bielefeld 2017, pp. 239-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839434970-017
View in Google Scholar
Sebba M., “Discourses in Transit,” in A. Jaworski, C. Thurlow (eds), Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space, London 2010, pp. 59-76.
View in Google Scholar
Simmel G., “The Sociology of Conflict: I,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 9, no. 4 (1904), pp. 490-525, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2762175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/211234
View in Google Scholar
Sullivan M., “Tucker Carlson’s Putin Interview Wasn’t Journalism. It Was Sycophancy,” The Guardian, 9 February 2024, at https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/feb/09/tucker-carlson-putin-interview-journalism-sycophancy.
View in Google Scholar
Trufanov G. “The European Integration as a Strategic Source for the Ukrainian Democratic Media and the EU in Countering Russian Propaganda,” Journal of Advanced Military Studies, vol. 16, no. 1 (2025), pp. 109-132, https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20251601006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20251601006
View in Google Scholar
Trufanov G.А., “Governmental Control Over Information Distribution as a Basis of the Social Conflict,” Konfliktologia, vol. 14, no. 3 (2019), pp. 207-221.
View in Google Scholar
Tucker M.S., “Objectivity – Does It Exist?,” ETC: A Review of General Semantics, vol. 69, no. 4 (2012), pp. 413-424.
View in Google Scholar
Vock I., “Tucker Carlson Interview: Fact-checking Putin’s ‘nonsense’ History,” BBC, 9 February 2024, at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68255302.
View in Google Scholar
Vogt R., “Zwei Modelle zur Analyse von Diskursen,” in Über die Schwierigkeiten der Verständigung beim Reden: Beiträge zur Linguistik des Diskurses, Opladen 1987, pp. 17-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83816-2
View in Google Scholar
Waldherr A., “The Mass Media as Actors in Innovation Systems,” in J. Bauer, A. Lang, V. Schneider (eds), Innovation Policy and Governance in High-Tech Industries, Berlin–Heidelberg 2012, pp. 77-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12563-8_4
View in Google Scholar
Wiatr J.J., “Autocratic Leaders in Modern Times,” in Political Leadership Between Democracy and Authoritarianism: Comparative and Historical Perspectives, Leverkusen–Opladen–Berlin–Toronto 2022, pp. 74-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv27tctmb.8
View in Google Scholar
“Wie russische Medien Putins Interview feiern,” ZDFheute, 2024, at https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/ausland/carlson-putin-interview-propaganda-sieg-russland-100.html.
View in Google Scholar
Wilde G., Sherman J., “Russian Information Doctrine Under Putin,” in No Water’s Edge: Russia’s Information War and Regime Security, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 4 January 2023, pp. 6-12, at https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/01/nowaters-edge-russias-information-war-and-regime-security?lang=en.
View in Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 Gleb Trufanov

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
