Interesy państw a działalność amerykańskich korporacji międzynarodowych w latach 60. i 70. XX wieku

Authors

  • Paulina Matera Uniwersytet Łódzki

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.12.2015.39.08

Keywords:

international corporations, interdependence between nation states and the corporations, American investments in Western Europe

Abstract

The national interests and the activities of the American international corporations in the 1960s and 1970s

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of international corporations on both domestic and foreign policy of the home and host countries as well as on intergovernmental relations. In the 1960s. and the 1970s. the predominant role of the US enterprises could be observed. Those companies invested mostly in the EC countries. They were welcomed there after the WWII, but the host countries felt growing concerns. They started to perceive the activities of the American enterprises as a challenge to national interest and even the national sovereignty. Therefore the actions to prevent foreign dominance were undertaken and the politicization of those matters was quite frequent. Also the authorities of the United States tried to control excessive capital flows and the transfer of certain goods and technology to the „enemy countries”. Moreover, the American corporations were reluctant to the unnecessary links with the US government as they wanted to avoid its impact on their activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

PlumX Metrics of this article

Author Biography

Paulina Matera, Uniwersytet Łódzki

Pracownik Katedry Studiów Transatlantyckich i Mediów Masowych na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politologicznych Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Jej zainteresowania badawcze koncentrują się na obszarze międzynarodowych stosunków politycznych i gospodarczych, szczególnie polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych. Jest autorką monografii: Francja w polityce zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych w latach 1929-1933 (2003), Stany Zjednoczone i Europa. Stosunki polityczne i gospodarcze. 1776-2004 (2007; we współautorstwie z Rafałem Materą) oraz Uwarunkowania ekonomiczne polityki Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Europy Zachodniej za prezydentury Richarda M. Nixona (1969-1974) (2012). Opublikowała także wiele artykułów dotyczących polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych

References

Akard P.J., Corporate Mobilization and Political Power. The Transformation of U.S. Economic Policy in the 1970s., „American Sociological Review” 1992, Vol. 57, nr 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095915
Google Scholar

Behrman J.N., National Interests and the Multinational Enterprise. Tensions Among the North Atlantic Countries, Eaglewood Clifs 1970.
Google Scholar

Bergsten C.F., Toward a New International Economic Order. Selected Papers of C.F. Bergsten, 1972‑1974, Lexington 1975.
Google Scholar

Congressional Record. Proceeding and Debates of the First Session of the 93rd Congress, [online] http://www.archive.org/stream/congressionalrec119qunit/congressionalrec119qunit_djvu.txt.
Google Scholar

Cowan E., The Gasoline Shortage. Real or Contrived?, „New York Times” 1973, 8 VI.
Google Scholar

Diebold W. Jr., U.S. Trade Policy. The New Political Dimension, „Foreign Affairs” 1974, Vol. 52, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20038065
Google Scholar

Elia C.J., Europeans, Japanese Find the Time is Ripe to Acquire US Firms, „Wall Street Journal” 1973, 22 IV.
Google Scholar

Feld W., Political Aspects of Transnational Business Collaboration in the Common Market, „International Organization” 1970, Vol. 24, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300025893
Google Scholar

Gannon J., High Level Friends, „Wall Street Journal” 1972, 13 I.
Google Scholar

Gilpin R., Global Political Economy. Understanding the International Economic Order, Princeton 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831272
Google Scholar

Gilpin R., Three Models of the Future, [w:] Key Concepts in International Political Economy, Vol. 1, red. D. Baldwin, Vermont 1993.
Google Scholar

Gilpin R., US Power and the Multinational Corporation. The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment, New York 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01354-8_3
Google Scholar

Goodman E.R., The Fate of the Atlantic Community, New York 1975, Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Government.
Google Scholar

Goodman E.R., The Impact of the Multinational Enterprise upon Atlantic Community, [w:] The New Europe and the U.S. Partners or Rivals, red. G. Mally, Lexington 1974, Lexington Books.
Google Scholar

Harryvan A.G., Van der Harst J. (red.), Documents on European Union, New York 1997, Documents in History Series. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25659-4
Google Scholar

Holzman F.D., Legvold R., The Economics and Politics of East‑West Relations, „International Organization” 1975, Vol. 29, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300017963
Google Scholar

Hymer S., International Operations of National Firms. A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge 1976, MIT Monographs in Economics, 14.
Google Scholar

Ikenberry J., Lake D.A., Mastanduno M., Introduction. Approaches to Explaining American Foreign Economic Policy, „International Organization” 1988, Vol. 42, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300007116
Google Scholar

Janssen R.F., Multinationals Face Disorderly Struggle Over Foreign Controls, Conference Finds, „The Wall Street Journal” 1973, 8 I.
Google Scholar

Jarczewska‑Romaniuk A., Relacje polityki i ekonomii w procesie globalizacji, [w:] Globalizacja a stosunki międzynarodowe, red. E. Haliżak, R. Kuźniar, J. Symonides, Bydgoszcz–Warszawa 2004.
Google Scholar

Jones G., Nationality and Multinationals in Historical Perspective, [online] http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/06‑052.pdf.
Google Scholar

Kaiser K., Transnational Relations as the Threat to the Democratic Process, „International Organization” 1971, Vol. 25, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300026400
Google Scholar

Kaliński J., Zarys historii gospodarczej XIX i XX w., Warszawa 2000.
Google Scholar

Kemp T., The Climax of Capitalism. The U.S. Economy in the Twentieth Century, New York 1990.
Google Scholar

Keohane R., Nye J., Power and Interdependence. World Politics in Transition, Boston 1977.
Google Scholar

Keohane R., V.D. Ooms, The Multinational Enterprise and World Political Economy, „International Organization” 1975, Vol. 26, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300002897
Google Scholar

Keohane R., V.D. Ooms, The Multinational Firm and International Regulations, [w:] World Politics and International Economics, red. C.F. Bergsten, L.B. Krause, Washington 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300017938
Google Scholar

Kneelands D., Energy. Many Skeptical on Reasons of Crisis, „New York Times” 1973, 23 XII.
Google Scholar

Korbin S.J., Sovereignty@Bay. Globalization, Multinational Enterprise, and the International Political System, [w:] Oxford Handbook of International Business, red. A.M. Rugman, T.L. Brewer, Oxford 2009.
Google Scholar

Krasner S., Defending the National Interest. Raw Materials, Investment and American Foreign Policy, Princeton, N.J. 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691219516
Google Scholar

Kuisel R.F., Seducing the French. The Dilemma of Americanization, Berkeley 1993.
Google Scholar

Magdoff H., The Age of Imperialism. The Economics of U.S. Foreign Policy, New York 1969.
Google Scholar

Makać A., Współczesna gospodarka światowa. Jej istota i struktura, [w:] Przemiany we współczesnej gospodarce światowej, red. nauk. E. Oziewicz, Warszawa 2006.
Google Scholar

Matera P., Uwarunkowania ekonomiczne polityki Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Europy Zachodniej za prezydentury Richarda M. Nixona (1969‑1974), Łódź 2012.
Google Scholar

Matera P., Matera R., Stany Zjednoczone i Europa. Stosunki polityczne i gospodarcze. 1776‑2004, Warszawa 2007.
Google Scholar

Multinational Corporations in World Development, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [online] http://unctc.unctad.org/data/e73iia11a.pdf.
Google Scholar

National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, MD, Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, NSC Institutional „H” Files, Study Memorandums (1969‑1974).
Google Scholar

Nolan M., The Transatlantic Century. Europe and America, 1890‑2010, Cambridge 2012, New Approaches to European History, 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/T842015760
Google Scholar

Nye J.S., Multinationals. The Game and the Rules. Multinational Corporations in World Politics, „Foreign Affairs” 1974, Vol. 53, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20039497
Google Scholar

Panitch L., Konings M., Demystifying Imperial Finance, [w:] American Empire and the Political Economy of Global Finance, red. L. Panitch, M. Konings, New York 2008, International political economy series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm)). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230227675
Google Scholar

Pastor R.A., Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy (1929‑1976), Berkeley 1980.
Google Scholar

Policy Aspects of Foreign Investment by US Multinational Corporations, [w:] The Multinational Corporation. Studies on US Foreign Investment, Vol. 1, Office of International Investments, Washington 1972, United States Department of Commerce Publication.
Google Scholar

Porter M., The Competitive Advantage of Nations, „Harvard Business Review” 1990, Vol. 68, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11336-1_2
Google Scholar

Ranelagh J., The Agency. The Rise and Decline of the CIA, New York 1987.
Google Scholar

Ray D.M., Corporations and American Foreign Relations, „The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1972, Vol. 403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627240300108
Google Scholar

Rodman K., Sanctions Beyond Borders. Multinational Corporations and US Economic Statecraft, Lanham 2001.
Google Scholar

Rostow W., The Stages of Economic Growth. A Non‑Communist Manifesto, Cambridge 1960.
Google Scholar

Rugman A., Multinationals and Canada‑United States Free Trade, Columbia 1990, Critical Issues Facing the Multinational Enterprise.
Google Scholar

Servan‑Schreiber J.‑J., The American Challenge, New York 1968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060100401
Google Scholar

Spero J.E., The Politics of International Economic Relations, New York 1999.
Google Scholar

Staats E.B., U.S. Foreign Relations and Multinational Corporations. What’s the Connection?, Report to the Congress, 23 VIII 1978, [online] http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/123830.pdf.
Google Scholar

Strange S., The Retreat of the State. The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, New York 1996, Cambridge Studies in International Relations, 49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511559143
Google Scholar

Świerkocki J., Zarys międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych, Warszawa 2004.
Google Scholar

Vernon R., The Economic and Political Consequences of Multinational Enterprises, Boston 1972.
Google Scholar

Vernon R., International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, „Quarterly Journal of Economics” 1966, Vol. 80, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1880689
Google Scholar

Vernon R., Sovereignty at Bay Ten Years After, „International Organization” 1981, Vol. 35, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300032562
Google Scholar

Vernon R., Sovereignty‑at‑bay. The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises, New York 1971, Harvard Multinational Enterprise Series. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060130401
Google Scholar

Vernon R., Storm over the Multinationals. The Real Issue, Cambridge, Mass. 1977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674499539
Google Scholar

Published

2015-12-09

How to Cite

Matera, Paulina. 2015. “Interesy państw a działalność amerykańskich Korporacji międzynarodowych W Latach 60. I 70. XX Wieku”. Politeja 12 (9 (39):159-86. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.12.2015.39.08.

Issue

Section

Articles