Sowiniec
type: channel
description: Półrocznik „Sowiniec” jest naukowym czasopismem historycznym, którego tematyka skupia się na ostatnich dwóch stuleciach historii Polski, w szczególności zaś na polskich zmaganiach niepodległościowych. Wieloletnia walka Polaków o odbudowę niepodległego Państwa Polskiego naznaczona była kilkoma powstaniami narodowymi oraz olbrzymim wysiłkiem w czasie dwóch wojen światowych. Za ostatni zryw wolnościowy zwykło się też uważać ruch skupiony wokół NSZZ „Solidarność”, który znacznie przyczynił się do erozji systemu komunistycznego w tej części Europy, otwierając drogę do niepodległości. Tytuł periodyku nawiązuje do kopca usypanego w Krakowie na wzgórzu Sowiniec w latach 30. XX wieku, ku czci Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego, twórcy odrodzonego w 1918 r. Państwa Polskiego.
publisher: Księgarnia Akademicka sp. z o.o.
language: pl
publication name: Sowiniec
issn: 1425-1965
items: Major Leon Franciszek Ulatowski – legionista i oficer II Rzeczypospolitej
items: Twardy człowiek
items: Krótkie życie ruchu komitetów obywatelskich
items: Z dziejów Małopolskiego Komitetu Obywatelskiego „Solidarność”w Krakowie
items: Prasa Komitetów Obywatelskich w Polsce 1989-1990
items: Back Matter
items: Agata Michałek-Budzicz (1964-2020), Przemysław Jerzy Witek (1947-2020), Ludomir Olkuśnik (1934-2020)
items: Solidarni z Nową Hutą
items: Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2021 roku
items: W służbie Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego na Kresach
items: Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2020 roku
items: Kampania podhalańska I Brygady Legionów Polskich (listopad-grudzień 1914)
items: Zabici i zmarli z ran w walkach o Lwów we wrześniu 1939 roku
items: Wojsko jako internowanie
items: Od Mostycza po Rzeczypospolitą Mościską
items: Front Matter
items: Wspomnienie o Robercie Kulaku (1960-2019)
items: Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2019 roku
items: Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2018 roku
items: Moje wspomnienia z Czerwonego Boru
items: Małopolskie dziedzictwo Powstania Styczniowego
items: Śledztwo i proces ppłk. Bolesława Michała Nieczui-Ostrowskiego
items: Problematyka ekologiczna w prasie drugiego obiegu wydawniczego w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku
items: Polacy u progu niepodległości
items: Nieudana wyprawa lisiogórska jako próba ruchu powstańczego w 1846 roku na terenie miasta Tarnowa i okolic w świetle wybranych tytułów prasowych
items: II Brygada Legionów Polskich w Karpatach (listopad-grudzień 1914 r.). Cz. II
items: Od Mostycza po Rzeczpospolitą Mościską

Major Leon Franciszek Ulatowski – legionista i oficer II Rzeczypospolitej
type: item
description: Leon Franciszek Ulatowski (1889-1973) was an officer of the Polish Army in the rank of major. He was a son of Jan, a farmer, and Maria (née Sokołowska). After he completed his education at a teachers’ college and then at the Business Academy [Akademia Handlowa] in Kraków, he studied agriculture in the Department of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University and also in the Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego in Warsaw. Since 6 August 1914 he was a soldier of the Polish Legions which later became the 1st Infantry Regiment. He participated in the battle of Kostiuchnówka as the commander of the machinegun division of the VI battalion of the seventh infantry regiment. After the dissolution of the Legions he became the commanding officer of the Polish Military Organisation [Polska Organizacja Wojskowa] in the Borysław area. On 1 November 1918 he entered the Polish Army in Kraków by joining the 5th infantry regiment of the Legions. In 1919 he assumed command of the machinegun department of the 1st infantry regiment of the Legions in the rank of captain and the command of the 4th machinegun company. He participated in the Polish-Soviet war with the 1st infantry regiment in 1920. In 1929 he became the executive officer of the 36th infantry regiment of the Academic League. In the years 1930-1932 he worked as the director of the Office of Military Training and Physical Education [Urząd Przysposobienia Wojskowego i Wychowania Fizycznego] in the Command of the Area of Corpus No. IV in Łódź. From 1932 to 1937 he was a staff officer in the Ministry of Military Affairs in Warsaw. Then, until the outbreak of World War II, he was delegated to the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Education [Ministerstwo Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego]. In September 1939 he performed the function of the executive Quartermaster of the Defense of Warsaw. After the capitulation he was put into a POW camp in Murnau. In 1945 he returned to Poland and took employement in a dairy …
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: Leon Franciszek Ulatowski
  topic: keywords
subject: Legiony Polskie
  topic: keywords
subject: I wojna światowa
  topic: keywords
subject: wojna polsko-bolszewicka
  topic: keywords
subject: 1919-1920
  topic: keywords
subject: II Rzeczpospolita
  topic: keywords
subject: wojna obronna
  topic: keywords
subject: kampania wrześniowa
  topic: keywords
subject: II wojna światowa
  topic: keywords
creator: Piotr Tadeusz Rafalski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2013 Piotr Tadeusz Rafalski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2013-06-30
publication date: 2013-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 26
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.24.2013.42.02

Twardy człowiek
type: item
description: The article is about Edward Kaleta, a lawyer and politician, who in 1933 became a member of the Peasants’ Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe – SL), a party of Polish farmers, active in the Second Polish Republic. During World War II, under the German occupation, he was the SL’s Silesian representative in the underground Political Consultative Committee at the Government Delegation for Poland (a secret structure of the Polish Government in Exile in London). Kaleta then served as head of the office of the Regional Delegation of the Government in Exile in Krakow. After the war, he became a member of the Supreme Executive Committee of the Polish Peasants’ Party, the only political group in opposition to the communist authorities installed in Poland by the Soviet Union, led by Stanisław Mikołajczyk. During this time, he was arrested several times by the communist security apparatus. In the 1970s, he supported the activities of the Student Solidarity Committee, an anti-regime organisation established after the death of Stanisław Pyjas. The article is based on, among other sources, archival materials collected at the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Krakow, the Archives of the Jagiellonian University, the Museum of the History of the Polish Peasant Movement, and the Wincenty Witos Museum in Wierzchosławice.
subject: Przyczynek biograficzny
  topic: section
subject: II wojna światowa
  topic: keywords
subject: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
  topic: keywords
subject: Wincenty Witos
  topic: keywords
subject: opozycja demokratyczna
  topic: keywords
subject: Służba Bezpieczeństwa
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriel Szuster
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Gaberiel Szuster https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 115
ending page: 131
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.4

Krótkie życie ruchu komitetów obywatelskich
type: item
subject: Wokół Komitetów Obywatelskich
  topic: section
creator: Janusz Baster
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Janusz Baster https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 89
ending page: 114
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.3

Z dziejów Małopolskiego Komitetu Obywatelskiego „Solidarność”w Krakowie
type: item
description: The article presents the history of the Małopolska Citizens’ Committee in Krakow from April to June 1989 based on preserved archive materials, press, and literature. The Committee , which emerged as a result of the Round Table agreements, brought together various anti-communist opposition groups. Not only is its organisational structure presented, but also the variety of activities that took place during the election campaign, such as meetings between candidates and voters, leafleting, etc. Involvement in the Małopolska Citizens’ Committee had a significant influence on education in social and political life. In the following years, the Committee’s activists held prominent positions in administration, local governments, and the economy in the Third Republic of Poland.
subject: Wokół Komitetów Obywatelskich
  topic: section
subject: wybory 1989
  topic: keywords
subject: Region Małopolska NSZZ Solidarność
  topic: keywords
subject: ruch społeczny
  topic: keywords
subject: samorząd
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz Dudek
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Tomasz Dudek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 5
ending page: 19
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.1

Prasa Komitetów Obywatelskich w Polsce 1989-1990
type: item
description: The article, consisting of three descriptive parts and the sources’ appendix with a list of 388 titles, is the first attempt to assemble press titles from the last phase of the phenomenon of the Polish Underground Press. The first part is a discussion of the historical role of Citizens’ Committees during the period of political transformation. The second part is the core of the paper , analysing issues such as the type and territorial range of committees that were publishing magazines, statistical data on the number of titles published in individual voivodeships (then and now), and in union regions. This part also includes information about the durability and printing techniques of these bibuła or underground periodicals. The third part is the conclusion collecting the most important results of the analysis.
subject: Wokół Komitetów Obywatelskich
  topic: section
subject: komitety obywatelskie
  topic: keywords
subject: prasa drugiego obiegu
  topic: keywords
subject: wybory 1989
  topic: keywords
subject: NSZZ Solidarność
  topic: keywords
creator: Jakub Krzysztonek
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Jakub Krzysztonek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 21
ending page: 87
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.2

Back Matter
type: item
subject: Back Matter
  topic: section
creator: - -
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06

Agata Michałek-Budzicz (1964-2020), Przemysław Jerzy Witek (1947-2020), Ludomir Olkuśnik (1934-2020)
type: item
subject: Odeszli od nas
  topic: section
creator: Krzysztof Nowakowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Krzysztof Nowakowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 169
ending page: 180
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.9

Solidarni z Nową Hutą
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Dariusz Warpas
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Dariusz Warpas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 169
ending page: 180
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.8

Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2021 roku
type: item
subject: Sprawozdania
  topic: section
creator: Adam Roliński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Adam Roliński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 141
ending page: 147
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.6

W służbie Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego na Kresach
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Zbigniew Zabokrzecki
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Zbigniew Zabokrzecki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 149
ending page: 168
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.7

Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2020 roku
type: item
subject: Sprawozdania
  topic: section
creator: Adam Roliński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Adam Roliński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06
starting page: 133
ending page: 139
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.32-33.2021-2022.55-56.5

Kampania podhalańska I Brygady Legionów Polskich (listopad-grudzień 1914)
type: item
description: THE PODHALE CAMPAIGN BY THE 1ST BRIGADE OF THE POLISH LEGIONS (NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1914) The article describes an episode from the battles fought in the first year of World War I between the Russian army entering West Galicia and the Austro-Hungarian army defending Krakow. Polish military units organised by Józef Piłsudski within the Austro-Hungarian army, organised into the 1st Infantry Regiment, also took part in the battles conducted from 23 November to 12 December. The Legionnaires' task was to halt the Russian advance, which was approaching Kraków in the second half of November that year. The 1st Infantry Regiment of the Polish Legions was attached to the Hungarian corps commanded by General Gyul Nagy which was to attack the Russian troops heading for Kraków from the south-west. The legionnaires, who were then in the village of Zawoja in difficult terrain conditions, with no artillery of their own and limited supplies, not only managed to stop the Russian advance, but also began to drive the Russian troops out of the areas they had occupied. Of particular note were two major battles at Limanowa and Marcinkowice, which Józef Piłsudski's subordinates had to fight at the time. The campaign ended with the entry of legionary troops into Nowy Sącz on 12th December 1914.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: World War I (1914-1918)
  topic: keywords
subject: Polish Legions (1914-1917)
  topic: keywords
subject: the Podhale campaign of the Polish Legions
  topic: keywords
subject: Józef Piłsudski
  topic: keywords
subject: Kraków
  topic: keywords
subject: West Galicia
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz Dudek
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 5
ending page: 35
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.1

Zabici i zmarli z ran w walkach o Lwów we wrześniu 1939 roku
type: item
description: PERSONS KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS IN THE FIGHTS FOR LVIV IN SEPTEMBER 1939 RECORDED IN LIBER MORTUORUM OF ST.MARY MAGDALENE PARISH IN LVIV From the first day of World War 2, Lviv, one of the largest Polish cities, was the aim of German air force attacks. On 12 September 1939, German troops made the first attempt of capturing the city. Eventually, after ten days of defence, troops of the Red Army entered Lviv on 22 September 1939. Fights in defence of Lviv during the 1939 Polish September Campaign resulted in numerous victims, both among the soldiers of the Polish Army and among the civilian population. Most people died as a result of bombing raids and artillery shelling of the city by the Germans. In the publications to date, the number of deaths among the civilian population has been estimated at 4-5 thousand people (about 300 killed every day). Based on the available sources, mainly church registers of the dead (liber mortuorum) and cemetery registers of burials, the number of civilian victims of the September fights for Lviv was verified as roughly half that (2,000 killed, around 100 each day). The annex contains a list of those killed and died due to wounds in September 1939, recorded in the Book of the Dead in one of the Lviv parishes, St. Mary Magdalene Parish. Among 44 people, there are also names of officers, policemen, lecturers, architects, officials, as well as ordinary residents of Lviv, railroad workers, merchants, maids, students and even children.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: 1939 defence of Lviv
  topic: keywords
subject: Polish September Campaign
  topic: keywords
subject: Victims of the World War 2
  topic: keywords
subject: Buried in Lviv
  topic: keywords
subject: Polish Army in 1939
  topic: keywords
subject: St. Mary Magdalena Church in Lviv
  topic: keywords
creator: Karol Kubicki
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 37
ending page: 87
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.2

Wojsko jako internowanie
type: item
description: THE ARMY AS INTERNMENT: FORMS OF THE REPRESSION DURING THE MARTIAL LAW IN THE YEARS 1982-1983 AGAINST ACTIVISTS OF THE ANTICOMMUNIST OPPOSITION PLACED IN MILITARY SPECIAL CAMPS (PART II) The work focuses its issues on one of the repression forms used in the martial law introduced on 13th December 1981 to pacify the society which tried to change the fossilised communist system through activity in the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidarity”. It was not a new solution in the Polish People’s Republic – just after the Second World War the communist authority drafted into “alternative military service” opponents of sovietisation of the country, directing them to forced labour in mines. Fearing a social rebellion before the second anniversary of the independent trade union registration, communist authorities interned in military special camps, functioning in Poland from 5 November 1982 to 3 February 1983, 1450 trade union activists and members of the political parties unaccepted by communists. 264 younger colleagues of these people were drafted into the basic military service lasting two years in three units intended for this purpose.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: martial law in Poland in the years 1981-1983
  topic: keywords
subject: military special camps
  topic: keywords
subject: repression of the martial law
  topic: keywords
subject: NSZZ Solidarity
  topic: keywords
subject: anticommunist activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Czerwony Bór
  topic: keywords
subject: Głogów
  topic: keywords
subject: Gorzów Wielkopolski
  topic: keywords
subject: Rawicz
  topic: keywords
subject: Trzebiatów
  topic: keywords
subject: Unieście/Koszalin
  topic: keywords
creator: Elwira Brodecka
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 89
ending page: 112
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.3

Od Mostycza po Rzeczypospolitą Mościską
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Krzysztof Nowakowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 151
ending page: 173
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.7

Front Matter
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-06
publication date: 2025-05-06

Back Matter
type: item
subject: Back Matter
  topic: section
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15

Wspomnienie o Robercie Kulaku (1960-2019)
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Krzysztof Nowakowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 185
ending page: 189
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.9

W służbie Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego na Kresach
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Zbigniew Zabokrzecki
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 175
ending page: 183
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.8

Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2019 roku
type: item
subject: Sprawozdania
  topic: section
creator: Adam Roliński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 143
ending page: 149
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.6

Sprawozdanie z działalności Fundacji Centrum Dokumentacji Czynu Niepodległościowego w 2018 roku
type: item
subject: Sprawozdania
  topic: section
creator: Adam Roliński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 135
ending page: 141
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.5

Moje wspomnienia z Czerwonego Boru
type: item
subject: Wspomnienia
  topic: section
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 113
ending page: 134
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.30-31.2019-2020.53-54.4

Front Matter
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15

Małopolskie dziedzictwo Powstania Styczniowego
type: item
description: On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the outbreak of the January Uprising there appeared the idea of the realisation of a project of collecting information about the war graves of the insurrectionists of the period 1863-1864 located within the boundaries of the present-day Małopolska voivodeship. During the course of the collection of the materials there appeared the necessity of locating in Poland the war graves of those who headed to join the uprising from the villages and towns of Małopolska. The resources kept by the voivodeship offices proved extremely helpful in the realisation of this endeavour. In Poland about 540 graves of insurrectionists (individual and collective graves) are protected by the state – i.e. graves of insurrectionists who perished, died due to the wounds they received, were killed as war prisoners or were executed according to the sentences of the Russian summary courts. In the area of the Małopolska voivodeship 29 structures of this type are preserved (23 collective graves and 6 individual graves). In other regions of the country the presence of one individual and 13 collective war graves in which those who perished originated from the Małopolska region was established. On the basis of the materials that were collected more than one hundred names of the insurrectionists who were buried there were established as well. The search is in progress; the present article describes the state of knowledge as of December 2015.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: powstanie styczniowe
  topic: keywords
subject: 1863
  topic: keywords
subject: 1864
  topic: keywords
subject: groby wojenne
  topic: keywords
subject: powstańcy styczniowi
  topic: keywords
subject: Małopolska
  topic: keywords
creator: Jolanta Mikołajczyk
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2015 Jolanta Mikołajczyk
date: 2015-12-30
publication date: 2015-12-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 33
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec26.2015.47.02

Śledztwo i proces ppłk. Bolesława Michała Nieczui-Ostrowskiego
type: item
description: This is another article devoted to Lt. Col. Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski “Bolko”, “Tysiąc” (1907-2008) who during the Second World War was an officer of the Polish Army, then of the underground Home Army (Armia Krajowa – AK), and since 1944 the commander of the great unit of the AK: the 106th Infantry Division. The article is associated with the investigations conducted against this man and with a trial as a result of which he was sentenced to death. The author used mainly the materials prepared by the functionaries of the Office of Public Security during the inquiry and the trial that were conducted. The information was compared and extended by the data contained in the publications of Lt. Col. Nieczuja-Ostrowski that appeared after 1989. Ostrowski was accused of participation in “illegal organisations” after 1945, and previously he was accused of the contacts that were maintained by the soldiers of the division that he commanded (the division operated on the areas of the AK “Maria” Regional Inspectorate) with the representatives of the German occupation authorities, as well as the supposed killings of Soviet soldiers, people of Jewish ethnicity and communist activists. In the years 1946-1956 he was arrested a number of times, he was repeatedly interrogated, imprisoned and as a result of this he was sentenced to death two times. After the amnesty his sentence was reduced to 12 years of prison (he spent a total of more than seven years in prison).
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski
  topic: keywords
subject: Tysiąc
  topic: keywords
subject: II wojna światowa
  topic: keywords
subject: okupacja niemiecka
  topic: keywords
subject: 1939-1945
  topic: keywords
subject: Armia Krajowa
  topic: keywords
subject: Akcja Burza
  topic: keywords
subject: 106 Dywizja Piechoty AK
  topic: keywords
subject: inspektorat Miechów
  topic: keywords
subject: Maria
  topic: keywords
subject: represje komunistyczne
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnieszka Wątor
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2015 Agnieszka Wątor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2015-12-30
publication date: 2015-12-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 63
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec26.2015.47.03

Problematyka ekologiczna w prasie drugiego obiegu wydawniczego w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku
type: item
description: The text presents the basic statements concerning ecological issues published in the clandestine press that was functioning illegally in the People’s Republic of Poland in the 1980s. Initially such texts appeared relatively rarely but their frequency increased after the catastrophe in Chernobyl. The texts described the state of the natural environment – in fact, it was unanimously evaluated as very bad, one that borders on an ecological catastrophe, one that poses a threat to people’s lives and health. The blame for this state of affairs was put – also almost unanimously – on the existing system of the exercise of power and the activities of the authorities which realised an ideological project without taking into account people’s lives and health. Exerting pressure on the authorities was suggested above all as a possible remedy to the situation, although sometimes a statement was formulated that improvement requires the change of the existing system. One may claim the object of engaging ecological problems was not only to pursue the improvement of the state of the environment and to build ecological awareness but perhaps it was above all an expression of the criticism of the authorities, the criticism of the strategy of development that was embraced in the post-war period, the criticism of the activities that were engaged. The object of these texts was also to demonstrate that the existing system dismissed fundamental human rights and that it was in fact irreformable.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: ekologia
  topic: keywords
subject: katastrofa ekologiczna
  topic: keywords
subject: wybuch elektrowni
  topic: keywords
subject: Czarnobyl
  topic: keywords
subject: krytyka systemu komunistycznego
  topic: keywords
subject: drugi obieg wydawniczy
  topic: keywords
subject: prasa
  topic: keywords
creator: Krzysztof Łabędź
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2015 Krzysztof Łabędź
date: 2015-12-30
publication date: 2015-12-30
starting page: 65
ending page: 82
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec26.2015.47.04

Polacy u progu niepodległości
type: item
description: Poles on the Brink of Independence Due to the final fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, its inhabitants were pushed for 123 years into three completely different and essentially hostile state organisms. In such diverse conditions, a few succeeding generations experienced deep and multilateral civilizational transformations occurring in the 19th century and in the version typical for this part of Europe. In other words, modernity formed here bygone inhabitants and citizens of the Republic in various ways. It was important for further existence of the Polishness and nationality without the state. In this context, the key question arises: who of them, successors of the First Republic tradition, in the time of the Polish state revival, felt still Polish, ready for the construction and defence of the state? In other words, what social capital had the reviving Polish state – the Second Polish Republic – at its disposal in the time of its beginnings? Based on source materials, and primarily on data from the last population censuses and their statistical studies before the First World War, the author tried to estimate the potential number of Poles on the brink of independence. The analysis was connected with an important assumption that primarily these people would be both the main beneficiaries of this radically changed statehood and persons ready to co-shape it actively. The obtained results fit into few similar estimations made until now, constituting material for further reflections.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: Poles
  topic: keywords
subject: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
  topic: keywords
subject: Second Polish Republic
  topic: keywords
subject: inhabitants
  topic: keywords
subject: people
  topic: keywords
subject: censuses
  topic: keywords
subject: number
  topic: keywords
subject: independence
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz Gąsowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-28
publication date: 2018-12-28
starting page: 7
ending page: 20
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.29.2018.52.01

Nieudana wyprawa lisiogórska jako próba ruchu powstańczego w 1846 roku na terenie miasta Tarnowa i okolic w świetle wybranych tytułów prasowych
type: item
description: The Unsuccessful Lisiogórska Expedition as an Attempt of the Insurrectionary Movement in 1846 on the Territory of the Town of Tarnow and its Surroundings in the Light of Memories of Franciszek Wiesiołowski The article presents events which occurred on Tarnów lands before and during the unsuccessful insurrectionary movement in 1846 – the movement called Krakow Uprising. The article focuses on the fate of the count Franciszek Wiesiołowski who was appointed by the Central Committee in Poznań as the governor of Galicia responsible for the whole military movement on this area. The discussed period includes the time form the first days of February 1846 to 19 February, which means to the day when the independence burst on the Tarnów land was nipped in the bud. The article is mainly based on the diary of Franciszek Wiesiołowski – thanks to his personal account from the period preceding the uprising we get to know in detail the analyzed events, especially the expedition to Lisia Góra which was instantly stopped. This event, and the fact that other troops were dispersed or arrested, contributed to putting an end to the unfinished revolt. It was also the beginning of a short but violent period of chaos called the Galician Slaughter.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: Kraków Uprising
  topic: keywords
subject: Galicia
  topic: keywords
subject: Franciszek Wiesiołowski
  topic: keywords
subject: Lisia Góra
  topic: keywords
subject: 1846
  topic: keywords
subject: Galician Slaughter
  topic: keywords
creator: Sławomir Piskozub
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-28
publication date: 2018-12-28
starting page: 21
ending page: 40
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.29.2018.52.02

II Brygada Legionów Polskich w Karpatach (listopad-grudzień 1914 r.). Cz. II
type: item
description: The Brigade II of the Polish Legions in the Carpathian Mountains (November‑December 1914): Part II In this article, the author presents the activity of the Polish Legions, at that time commanded by the general Karol Durski, in the Carpathian Mountains. Polish soldiers had to fight there under very difficult conditions as a result of the numerous deficiencies in equipment and arms. Nonetheless, they tried to perform the tasks to which they were entrusted as best as they could. As opposed to the weakness of the Austro‑Hungarian army, the Polish units in this region played a decisive rule in halting the Russian offensive. This was a significant factor because if the Russians had crossed the Carpathians, this would have led to an invasion of Hungary, which could have had unpredictable consequences. In the first phase, the Polish units participated in the fight to liberate Máramaros County. The second phase comprised the armed conflict in the Nadvirna and Bohorodchany regions. This part of the skirmishes was finished with the bloody Battle of Mołotków on October 29, 1914. Although it ended with a tactical defeat of the Polish units, which were forced to retreat, it was, however, a tactical victory, as the Russians, exhausted by the daylong battle, were forced to cease their offensive manoeuvres.
subject: Rozprawy
  topic: section
subject: Polish Legions
  topic: keywords
subject: Carpathian Mountains
  topic: keywords
subject: World War I
  topic: keywords
subject: General Karol Trzaska-Durski
  topic: keywords
subject: Rafajłowa
  topic: keywords
subject: Sokołówka
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz Dudek
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-28
publication date: 2018-12-28
starting page: 41
ending page: 72
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.29.2018.52.03

Od Mostycza po Rzeczpospolitą Mościską
type: item
subject: Miscellanea
  topic: section
creator: Krzysztof Z. Nowakowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-28
publication date: 2018-12-28
starting page: 139
ending page: 156
doi: 10.12797/Sowiniec.29.2018.52.08