Sprawa wicekonsul Devyani Khobragade i kryzys w stosunkach amerykańsko‑indyjskich

Authors

  • Sebastian Stępień Uniwersytet Jagielloński

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.12.2015.39.13

Keywords:

India, United States of America, diplomatic crisis, bilateral relations

Abstract

In December 2013 Devyani Khobragade, deputy consul general of the Consulate General of India in New York, was charged with committing visa fraud and providing false statements in order to obtain a visa for her Indian domestic servant, whom she had paid illegally low wages. She was arrested the next day by agents of the State Department’s Diplomatic Security Service and transferred into the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service. There she was subjected to a body‑cavity search and placed in a holding cell with common criminals, before being released on bond later the same day. She had to surrender her passport and was barred from leaving New York. Her arrest and treatment received much public attention, causing angry protests in India, and sparked a full‑scale diplomatic crisis between India and the United States. Indian authorities fully backed the diplomat, demanding an apology from the US State Department, and proceeded to retaliate against American diplomats when she was indicted. The crisis ended in May 2014 when the BJP party won national elections in India. This paper provides an in‑depth analysis of this complex and unusual incident, including its causes and direct consequences for Indo‑American relations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

PlumX Metrics of this article

Author Biography

Sebastian Stępień, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Doktorant w Instytucie Nauk Politycznych i Stosunków Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Ukończył studia na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych UJ oraz studia prawnicze na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji UJ, uzyskując tytuł magistra na obydwu kierunkach. Jest również absolwentem Kolegium Europejskiego w Natolinie, gdzie odbył studia podyplomowe w zakresie europeistyki i uzyskał tytuł Master of European Studies, broniąc pracę dyplomową pt. „The precautionary principle in international and European Union law and its impact on international trade relations”.

References

Ahead of Nancy Powell’s Resignation, India Warned US Ties Could Be Hit, The Times of India, 2 IV 2014, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ahead‑of‑Nancy‑Powells‑resignation‑India‑warned‑US‑ties‑could‑be‑hit/articleshow/33141757.cms.
Google Scholar

Barack Obama Forges „Defining Partnership” with India, BBC News, 8 XI 2010, [online] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world‑us‑canada‑11707976.
Google Scholar

Behind‑the‑Scenes Intrigue that Resulted in Devyani Khobragade’s Return to India, The Economic Times, 19 I 2014, [online] http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014‑01‑19/news/46325524_1_full‑diplomatic‑immunity‑devyani‑khobragade‑daniel‑n‑arshack.
Google Scholar

Bhaumik S., Nannygate. Tip of the Iceberg?, Aljazeera, 23 XII 2013, [online] http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/12/nannygate‑tip‑iceberg‑201312239514397207.html.
Google Scholar

Briefing. Narendra Modi: Promising the Good Times, „The Economist” 2014, 24 V.
Google Scholar

Chaudhuri R., Forged in Crisis. India and the United States since 1947, New York 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199354863.001.0001
Google Scholar

Curtis L., Indispensable Partners – Re‑energizing U.S.‑Indian Ties, The Heritage Foundation, 16 VII 2014, [online] http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/2014/07/indispensable‑partners‑re‑energizing‑us‑indian‑ties.
Google Scholar

Decoding the Khobragade Controversy. How a Row Over a Maid’s Visa Sparked a Full‑Scale Diplomatic Incident, Mail Online India, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article‑2526067/Decoding‑Khobragade‑controversy‑How‑row‑maids‑visa‑sparked‑scale‑diplomatic‑incident.html.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade Deputed to UN, Had Full Immunity When Arrested, The Times of India, 27 XII 2013, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Devyani‑Khobragade‑deputed‑to‑UN‑had‑full‑immunity‑when‑arrested/articleshow/27987487.cms?referral=PM.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade Issue. US Hopes Diplomat’s Arrest Would not Affect Bilateral Ties, The Economic Times, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013‑12‑19/news/45377634_1_bilateral‑ties‑state‑john‑kerry‑united‑states‑and‑india.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade Letter to Her Colleagues. The Full Text, The Washington Post, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/devyani‑khobrogade‑letter‑to‑her‑colleagues‑the‑full‑text/2013/12/18/aaad7018‑6804‑11e3‑ae56‑22de072140a2_story.html.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade Row. India Demands US Apology, BBC News, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://www.bbc.com/news/world‑asia‑india‑25446180.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade. Diplomat Row Charges Dropped in US, BBC News, 13 III 2014, [online] http://www.bbc.com/news/world‑us‑canada‑26554245.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade. India‑US Diplomat Row Escalates, BBC News, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://www.bbc.com/news/world‑asia‑india‑25411876.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade. India‑US Row escalates Over Arrest of Diplomat in New York, The Independent, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/indiaus‑row‑over‑arrest‑of‑diplomat‑devyani‑khobragade‑in‑new‑york‑escalates‑9011080.html.
Google Scholar

Devyani Khobragade’s Help, Husband Cite „Differences”, File for Divorce, The Indian Express, 12 III 2014, [online] http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india‑others/devyani‑khobragades‑help‑husband‑cite‑differences‑file‑for‑divorce/.
Google Scholar

Dhar B., India‑US Relations Face Hurdles, East Asia Forum, 27 II 2015, [online] http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/02/27/india‑us‑relations‑face‑hurdles.
Google Scholar

Diplomat’s Arrest. US Distances Itself from Preet Bharara’s Comments; India Wants Apology, Case Dropped, The Times of India, 20 XII 2013, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Diplomats‑arrest‑US‑distances‑itself‑from‑Preet‑Bhararas‑comments‑India‑wants‑apology‑case‑dropped/articleshow/27666819.cms.
Google Scholar

Exclusive! Kerry, Burns, Biswal Not Informed of Action Against Khobragade, Rediff News, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.rediff.com/news/report/exclusive‑kerry‑burns‑biswal‑not‑informed‑of‑action‑against‑khobragade/20131218.htm.
Google Scholar

Former US Official Criticises Handling of Indian Diplomat Devyani Khobragade’s Case, The Indian Express, 2 I 2014, [online] http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/former‑us‑official‑criticises‑handling‑of‑indian‑diplomat‑devyani‑khobragades‑case/1214557/.
Google Scholar

Gani A., Bangladesh Has Little to Celebrate After the Most Violent Election Day in its History, The Guardian, 15 I 2014, [online] http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/15/bangladesh‑violent‑elections‑dead‑human‑rights‑abuses.
Google Scholar

Govt Trying to get US Charges Against Khobragade Dropped: Sushma Swaraj, Business Standard, 11 III 2015, [online] http://www.business‑standard.com/article/pti‑stories/govt‑trying‑to‑get‑us‑charges‑against‑khobragade‑dropped‑115031100484_1.html.
Google Scholar

Gray C., Khobragade Arrest Risks Damaging Ties, Global Times, 24 XII 2013, [online] http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/833890.shtml#.Uthqw0Dsa0c.
Google Scholar

Ha D., Blanket Policies for Strip Searching Pretrial Detainees. An Interdisciplinary Argument for Reasonableness, „Fordham Law Review” 2010‑2011, Vol. 79, nr 6.
Google Scholar

Harris G., Weiser B., School in India Ensnared in U.S. Diplomatic Spat, The New York Times, 15 I 2014, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/asia/indian‑school‑ensnared‑in‑us‑diplomatic‑row.html?hpw&rref=education&_r=0.
Google Scholar

In U.S. Justice System, the Strip‑Search is Common Practice, Chicago Tribune, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013‑12‑19/news/sns‑rt‑us‑india‑usa‑stripsearches‑20131219_1_u‑s‑marshals‑service‑strip‑search‑justice‑system.
Google Scholar

India and the United States. Charming, Disarming, „The Economist” 2014, 4 X.
Google Scholar

India Disappointed After U.S. Re‑Indicts Diplomat, NBC News, 15 III 2014, [online] http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india‑disappointed‑after‑u‑s‑re‑indicts‑diplomat‑n53726.
Google Scholar

India Expels U.S. Diplomat Who Allegedly Helped Evacuate Nanny’s Family, The Washington Post, 11 I 2014, [online] http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/india‑demands‑ouster-‑of‑us‑diplomat‑allegedly‑involved‑in‑nanny‑pay‑dispute/2014/01/10/2652c510‑79fd‑11e3‑a647‑a19deaf575b3_story.html.
Google Scholar

India Retaliates, Barricades Around US Embassy Removed, The Times of India, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India‑retaliates‑barricades‑around‑US‑embassy‑removed/articleshow/27541736.cms.
Google Scholar

India Urges US to Drop Charges Against Diplomat Devyani Khobragade, The Guardian, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/19/india‑us‑drop‑charges‑diplomat‑devyani‑khobragade. India‑US Row. What Happened When, Aljazeera, 20 XII 2013, [online] http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/12/india‑us‑row‑what‑happened‑when‑2013122053428986490.html.
Google Scholar

Indian Diplomat Devyani Khobragade Arrives in Delhi from US. Deal Reached After Rift Over Arrest and Strip‑Search, The Independent, 11 I 2014, [online] http://www.independent.co-.uk/news/world/americas/indian‑diplomat‑devyani‑khobragade‑leaves‑us‑after‑rift‑over‑arrest‑and‑stripsearch‑9050712.html.
Google Scholar

Indian Diplomat Row. Shinde, Rahul, Modi Refuse to Meet US Delegation, Hindustan Times, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://www.hindustantimes.com/india‑news/indian‑diplomat‑row‑shinde‑rahul‑modi‑refuse‑to‑meet‑us‑delegation/article1‑1163428.aspx.
Google Scholar

Indian Official. Diplomat’s Arrest in NYC Barbaric, Bloomberg Businessweek, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013‑12‑17/indian‑official‑diplomats‑arrest‑in‑nyc‑barbaric.
Google Scholar

The Indian Problem, „The Economist” 2013, 23 XI.
Google Scholar

Kerry Expresses Regret Over Strip Search of Arrested Indian Diplomat, CBS News, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kerry‑expresses‑regret‑over‑strip‑search‑of‑arrested‑indian‑diplomat.
Google Scholar

Khobragade Incident „Extremely Irksome”, Time for Closure. Salman Khurshid, The Times of India, 16 III 2014, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Khobragade‑incident‑extremely‑irksome‑time‑for‑closure‑Salman‑Khurshid/articleshow/32134828.cms.
Google Scholar

Khobragade Row. Here’s How the Last Few Hours of Diplomat Crisis Played Out, Hindustan Times, 12 I 2014, [online] http://www.hindustantimes.com/india‑news/khobragade‑row‑here‑s‑how‑the‑last‑few‑hrs‑of‑diplomat‑crisis‑played‑out/article1‑1171892.aspx.
Google Scholar

Mangled Messages, „The Economist” 2014, 4 I.
Google Scholar

Mazzetti M., How a Single Spy Helped Turn Pakistan Against the United States, The New York Times, 9 IV 2013, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/magazine/raymond‑davis‑pakistan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
Google Scholar

Mehta M., US To Warm Up To India After Prime Minister Modi’s Win, National News Agency of Malaysia, 29 V 2014, [online] http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/wn/newsworld.php?id=1042328.
Google Scholar

Michael A., India’s Foreign Policy and Regional Multilateralism, Basingstoke 2013, Critical Studies of the Asia‑Pacific. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137263124
Google Scholar

Modi Brings up „Ill‑Treatment” of Devyani Khobragade in Meeting with US Ambassador, The Indian Express, 13 II 2014, [online] http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/modi‑brings‑up‑ill‑treatment‑of‑devyani‑khobragade‑in‑meeting‑with‑us‑ambassador.
Google Scholar

Outrage in India, and Retaliation, Over a Female Diplomat’s Arrest in New York, The New York Times, 17 XII 2013, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/world/asia/outrage‑in‑india‑over‑female‑diplomats‑arrest‑in‑new‑york.html?_r=1&.
Google Scholar

Protests Erupt in India After Diplomat’s Arrest in US, New York Post, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://nypost.com/2013/12/18/protests‑continue‑in‑india‑after‑nannygate‑diplomat‑arrested.
Google Scholar

Protests Rage in India Over Arrest, Strip Search of Diplomat Devyani Khobragade in New York, CBS News, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.cbsnews.com/news/india‑protests‑arrest‑diplomat‑devyani‑khobragade‑in‑new‑york.
Google Scholar

Richard Family Flight Plan Drawn Up By Nexus of US Diplomats, The Sunday Standard, 19 I 2014, [online] http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/Richard‑Family‑Flight‑Plan‑Drawn‑Up‑By‑Nexus‑of‑US‑Diplomats/2014/01/19/article2007069.ece.
Google Scholar

Sangeeta Richard’s Diary Says She Was Happy. Devyani Khobragade’s Sister, The Economic Times, 20 XII 2013, [online] http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013‑12‑20/news/45418087_1_sister‑diary‑diplomat.
Google Scholar

Search on Devyani May Even be Illegal, The Times of India, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Search‑on‑Devyani‑may‑even‑be‑illegal/articleshow/27611083.cms?referral=PM.
Google Scholar

Skazani za katastrofę sprzed ćwierć wieku, Rzeczpospolita, 7 VI 2010, [online] http://www.rp.pl/artykul/490650.html.
Google Scholar

Strip‑Searched Indian Diplomat’s Attorney Accuses U.S. of „Muscle‑Flexing”, CNN International, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/19/politics/india‑us‑diplomat.
Google Scholar

Supreme Court Ruling Allows Strip Searches for Any Arrest, The New York Times, 2 IV 2012, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/us/justices‑approve‑strip‑searches‑for‑any‑offense.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
Google Scholar

Sutor J., Prawo dyplomatyczne i konsularne, Warszawa 2002.
Google Scholar

Timeline of Devyani Khobragade Case, The Times of India, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Timeline‑of‑Devyani‑Khobragade‑case/articleshow/27601818.cms?referral=PM.
Google Scholar

U.N. Approves India’s Request to Accredit Diplomat Charged by U.S., Reuters, 24 XII 2013, [online] http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/12/23/india‑usa‑un‑idINL2N0K20UD20131223.
Google Scholar

U.S. Says Diplomats Defrauded Medicaid, The New York Times, 5 XII 2013, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/nyregion/us‑charges‑dozens‑of‑russian‑diplomats‑and‑spouses‑with‑medicaid‑fraud.html.
Google Scholar

US Ambassador to India Nancy Powell Resigns, BBC News, 31 III 2014, [online] http://www.bbc.com/news/world‑us‑canada‑26823844.
Google Scholar

US Diplomatic Nexus Gave Wings to Khobragade Maid’s Family, The New Indian Express, 19 I 2014, [online] http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/US‑Diplomatic‑Nexus‑Gave‑Wings‑to‑Khobragade‑Maid’s‑Family/2014/01/19/article2007854.ece.
Google Scholar

US Prosecutor Defends Arrest and Strip‑Search of Indian Diplomat, The Guardian, 19 XII 2013, [online] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/19/us‑prosecutor‑defends‑arrest‑strip‑search‑indian‑diplomat.
Google Scholar

Was US Govt Aware of Whereabouts of Devyani Khobragade’s Maid?, The Economic Times, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013‑12‑18/news/45338377_1_maid‑whereabouts‑government.
Google Scholar

Weiser B., Yee V., Claim Against Indian Diplomat Has Echoes of Previous Cases, The New York Times, 9 I 2014, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/nyregion/claims‑of‑diplomats‑mistreating‑household‑staff‑are‑far‑from‑the‑first.html?_r=0.
Google Scholar

With India‑US Ties on an Upswing, Devyani Khobragade Finds Herself Abandoned, The Times of India, 11 XII 2014, [online] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/With‑India‑US‑ties‑on‑an‑upswing‑Devyani‑Khobragade‑finds‑herself‑abandoned/articleshow/45465051.cms.
Google Scholar

Dokumenty
Google Scholar

Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Arrest Of Indian Consular Officer For Visa Fraud And False Statements In Connection With Household Employee’s Visa Application, The United States Attorney’s Office – Southern District of New York, 13 XII 2013, [online] http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/December13/KhobragadeArrestPR.php.
Google Scholar

Statement of Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara On U.S. v. Devyani Khobragade, The United States Attorney’s Office – Southern District of New York, 18 XII 2013, [online] http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/December13/KhobragadeStatement.php.
Google Scholar

United States v. Devyani Khobragade – Complaint, The United States Attorney’s Office – Southern District of New York, 12 XII 2013, [online] http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/December13/KhobragadeArrestPR/Khobragade,%20Devyani%20Complaint.pdf.
Google Scholar

United States v. Devyani Khobragade – Indictment, The United States Attorney’s Office – Southern District of New York, 9 I 2014, [online] http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/January14/KhobragadeIndictment/Khobragade,%20Devyani%20Indictment.pdf.
Google Scholar

Strona internetowa
Google Scholar

http://www.law.cornell.edu
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2015-12-09

How to Cite

Stępień, Sebastian. 2015. “Sprawa Wicekonsul Devyani Khobragade I Kryzys W Stosunkach amerykańsko‑indyjskich”. Politeja 12 (9 (39):273-302. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.12.2015.39.13.

Issue

Section

Articles