„Ideologiczny krytycyzm” do (niektórych) tekstów biblijnych zastosowany. Perspektywa historyka myśli politycznej

Abstract

„IDEOLOGICAL CRITICISM” APPLIED TO (SOME) BIBLICAL TEXTS. A HISTORIAN’S OF POLITICAL THOUGHT PERSPECTIVE

Debates around the meaning of the term „ideology” have been going on for three centuries. The theses proclaimed by Destutt de Tracy in the eighteenth century are juxtaposed with the findings of Karl Marx in the nineteenth century, and critically discussed in the twentieth century, e.g. by Karl Mannheim and Louis Althusser. The text, in which Althusser acknowledged that once the Church, and half a century ago the school, were the main tools used by the state apparatus to spread ideologies rather than ideology, is sometimes considered to be the source of the research approach called ideological criticism. An approach that is also increasingly used in biblical texts in order to show the entanglement of their authors in their respective cultural contexts and the ideological perpetuation of the domination of the current hegemons. In particular, the writings of Saints Paul and John are meant to reveal the ideological attitude of believers in Jesus Christ as God incarnate, who is not entangled in the cultural contexts of men.