Rola Gruzji w polityce zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych w XXI w.

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.32.18

Keywords:

The United States, Georgia, Russia, the South Caucasus

Abstract

Georgia and the United States play in the international area complete different roles. Georgia is a small Caucasian country with limited potential, which could not rather play a crucial role in the foreign policy of the United States – the global actor with interests all over the world. Indeed, this situation took place in 90s. However, the beginning of 21st century and assuming the office of president by George W. Bush changed the position of this country and Georgia started to become more and more important in America foreign policy. The situation shifted when Barack Obama became a president in 2009. Since that time Georgia’s position in American foreign policy started to decrease. The last crisis, which happened in Ukraine and the worsening in relations between the United States and Russia may change the significance of Georgia. The main thesis of this article claims that the role and position of Georgia depend on changing interests of the United States in South Caucasus and Central Asia regions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Andrzej Kozłowski, University of Łódź

    Ekspert Instytutu Kościuszki. Członek redakcji pisma „Stosunki Międzynarodowe”. Doktorant w Katedrze Studiów Transatlantyckich i Mediów Masowych na Wydziale Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politologicznych Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. W kręgu jego zainteresowań znajdują się cyberbezpieczeńtwo, region Kaukazu Południowego oraz polityka bezpieczeństwa i zagraniczna Stanów Zjednoczonych.

References

About Commonwealth of Independent States, [online] http://www.cisstat.com/eng/cis.htm.
View in Google Scholar

AES‑Telasi: Power Trip or Power Play?, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 2006, [online] http://www.powertripthemovie.com/Wharton_inspection_copy.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Allison G., Van Buskirk E., U.S. Policy on Caspian Energy Development and Exports, Harvard Univesity, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Caspian Studies Program, [online] http://www.bits.de/NRANEU/Russia‑Caucasus/AllisonBuskirk.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Anteleva N., United States Cuts Development Aid to Georgia, Eurasianet, 28 IX 2003, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav092903.shtml.
View in Google Scholar

Antidze M., Robinson M., Biden: U.S. Backs Georgia, Russia Must Pull Back, Reuters, 23 VII 2009, [online] http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/07/23/us‑georgia‑biden‑idUSTRE56M1YV20090723.
View in Google Scholar

Asmus R., Mała wojna, która wstrząsnęła światem. Gruzja, Rosja i przyszłość Zachodu, przeł. J. Tokarski, Warszawa 2010, Biblioteka Res Publiki Nowej.
View in Google Scholar

Baku‑Tbilisi‑Ceyhan (BTC) Caspian Pipeline, Hydrocarbons Technology, [online] http://www.hydrocarbons‑technology.com/projects/bp/.
View in Google Scholar

Balcer A., Kaczmarski M., Stanisławski W., Kosowo – przed ostatecznym rozwiązaniem. Proces uregulowania statusu międzynarodowego – uwarunkowania polityczne i historyczne, perspektywy rozwoju sytuacji, Warszawa 2008, Prace OSW, 27.
View in Google Scholar

Basic Facts, Организация Договора о коллективной безопасности, [online] http://www.odkb.gov.ru/start/index_aengl.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Brzeziński Z., Scowcroft B., Ameryka i świat. Rozmowy o globalnym przebudzeniu politycznym, przeł. D. Rossowski, Łódź 2009.
View in Google Scholar

Brzeziński Z., The Premature Partnership, „Foreign Affairs” 1994, Vol. 73, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20045920
View in Google Scholar

Bucharest Summit Declaration, NATO, Press Release (2008) 049, 3 IV 2008, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8443.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Bush G.W., Kluczowe decyzje, przeł. P. Pietrzak, W. Grzelczak, Warszawa 2011.
View in Google Scholar

Caspian Pipeline Dream Becomes Reality, BBC News, 17 IX 2002, [online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2263611.stm.
View in Google Scholar

Chicago Summit Declaration, NATO, Press Release (2012) 062, 20 V 2012, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_87593.htm?mode=pressrelease.
View in Google Scholar

Chivers C.J., Georgia‑Russia Tension Escalates Over Downed Drone, „The New York Times” 2008, 22 IV, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/22/world/europe/22georgia.html?ref=mikheilsaakashvili.
View in Google Scholar

Clinton w Gruzji: spór z Rosją trzeba rozwiązać dyplomatycznie, „Wprost” 2010, 5 VII, [online] http://www.wprost.pl/ar/200993/Clinton‑w‑Gruzji‑spor‑z‑Rosja‑trzeba‑rozwiazacdyplomatycznie/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+politykawsieci+%28Polityka+w+sieci%29.
View in Google Scholar

Cooley A., Cooperation Gets Shanghaied. China, Russia, and the SCO, „Foreign Affairs” 2009, 14 XII, [online] http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65724/alexander‑cooley/cooperation‑gets‑shanghaied.
View in Google Scholar

Cornell S.E., U.S. Engagement in the Caucasus: Changing Gears, „Helsinki Monitor” 2005, Vol. 16, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571814054088738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1571814054088738
View in Google Scholar

Cornell S.E., Georgia after the Rose Revolution. Geopolitcal Predicament and Implications for U.S. Policy, Carlisle 2007, U.S. and Russia: Regional Security Issues and Interests.
View in Google Scholar

Cornell S.E. i in., Regional Security in the South Caucasus. The Role of NATO, Washington 2004, Silk Road Paper.
View in Google Scholar

Croft A., NATO Will Not Offer Georgia Membership Step, Avoiding Russia Clash, Reuters, 25 VI 2014, [online] http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/25/us‑nato‑enlargement‑idUSKBN0F00IJ20140625.
View in Google Scholar

Durkalec J., Amerykański system obrony przeciwrakietowej w Europie. Stan obecny i perspektywy, „Biuletyn PISM” 2013, nr 97.
View in Google Scholar

Fairbanks Jr. Ch.H., Georgia’s Rose Revolution, „Journal of Democracy” 2004, Vol. 15, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2004.0025
View in Google Scholar

Follath E., Lebanon after the Cedar Revolution: Dancing on the Volcano, Spiegel Online International, 28 V 2005, [online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/lebanon‑after‑the‑cedar‑revolution‑dancing‑on‑the‑volcano‑a‑365104.html.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia Begins Intensified Dialogue with NATO, NATO, 14 XII 2006, [online] http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2006/12‑december/e1214b.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia Punishes Police Over Protest Violence, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 15 VII 2011, [online] http://www.rferl.mobi/a/24266908.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia to Send One More Battalion to Afghanistan to Join ISAF, People’s Daily Online, 22 XII 2011, [online] http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/7684989.html.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia Train and Equip Program (GTEP), GlobalSecurity, [online] http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/gtep.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia, Presidential Election, 27 October 2013: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions, OSCE, 28 X 2013, [online] http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/107509.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia: Now the Top Non‑NATO Troop Contributor in Afghanistan, NATO, 26 VI 2013, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_101633.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Georgia: One Year after the August War. Testimony of Ambassador Alexander Vershbow, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Report from Government of the United States, 4 VIII 2009, [online] http://reliefweb.int/node/319521.
View in Google Scholar

Georgian President Shevardnadze to Visit Washington, The White House Archives – President George W. Bush, 28 VIII 2001, [online] http://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010828.html.
View in Google Scholar

German T., Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Collision of Georgian and Russian Interests, „Russie.Nei.Visions” 2006, nr 11, IFRI, [online] http://www.ifri.org/downloads/germananglais.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Goodrich L., Russia’s Plan to Disrupt U.S.‑European Relations, Stratfor Global Intelligence, 13 XII 2011, [online] http://www.stratfor.com/node/862.
View in Google Scholar

Grodzki R., Wojna gruzińsko‑rosyjska 2008. Przyczyny, przebieg, skutki, Zakrzewo 2009.
View in Google Scholar

Gurgenidze M., CIA Reportedly Concluded Bombing of U.S. Embassy in Tbilisi Has Ties to Moscow, Central Asia‑Caucasus Institute Analyst, 8 III 2011, [online] http://old.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5604.
View in Google Scholar

Hamilton R.E., Georgian Military Reform – An Alternative View, Center For Strategic & International Studies. Commentary, 3 II 2009, [online] http://gfsis.org/media/download/GSAC/Articles/hamilton_militaryreform.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Hough R.L., U.S. Policy in Azerbaijan: A Backward Strategy from Freedom, Euroasianet, 10 II 2004, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav021104.shtml.
View in Google Scholar

Iwata K., Russia’s Security Policy from the Bucharest NATO Summit and Russia‑Georgia War through the Brussels NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting, Hiroshima University, [online] http://home.hiroshima‑u.ac.jp/heiwa/Pub/42/7IWATA.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Jakopovich D., The 2003 „Rose Revolution” in Georgia: A Case Study in High Politics and Rank‑and‑File Execution, „Debatte” 2007, Vol. 15, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651560701483311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09651560701483311
View in Google Scholar

Jatras J.G., NATO Silent on Ukraine. Ukraine Should Say „No” to NATO, American Institute in Ukraine, 8 IV 2009, [online] http://www.aminuk.org/index.php?idmenu=12&idsubmenu=45&language=en#.UhBzzUB4Wc9.
View in Google Scholar

Kempa A., Plan Działań na rzecz Członkostwa (Membership Action Plan – MAP), Wojsko Polskie, 5 II 2004, [online] http://www.wojsko‑polskie.pl/pl/nato/polska‑w‑nato/1216,plan‑dzialan‑na‑rzecz‑czlonkostwa‑membership‑action‑plan‑map‑.html.
View in Google Scholar

Kilner J., Antidze M., Saakashvili Wins Georgian Election, „The Independent” 2008, 8 I, [online] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/saakashvili‑wins‑georgia‑election‑768856.html.
View in Google Scholar

Kipp J.W., The War Scare over Pankisi Gorge: Threat Perceptions in the Age of the War on Terrorism, [w:] Russian Military Reform, 1992‑2002, red. A.C. Aldis, R.N. McDermott, Londyn 2003, Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Institutions, 4.
View in Google Scholar

Konieczna J., Pomarańczowa rewolucja na Ukrainie. Próba zrozumienia przyczyn, Warszawa 2005, Prace OSW, 18, [online] http://www.osw.waw.pl/sites/default/files/PRACE_18.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

König M.S., The Effects of the Kosovo Status Negotiations on the Relationship Between Russia and the EU and on the De Facto States in Post‑Soviet Space, [w:] OSCE Yearbook 2007. Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co‑operation in Europe (OSCE), [online] http://ifsh.de/file‑CORE/documents/yearbook/english/07/2007‑enpdfGesamt.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845207018-37
View in Google Scholar

Kozłowski A., The European Union Posture towards the War in Georgia in 2008. The Assessment, Implications and the Aftermath, „Analizy Natolińskie” 2013, nr 1, [online] http://www.natolin.edu.pl/pdf/analizy/Natolin_Analiza_1_2013.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Kozłowski A., The United States Posture towards the War in Georgia in 2008. The Assessment, Implications and the Aftermath, „Analizy Natolińskie” 2012, nr 6, [online] http://www.natolin.edu.pl/pdf/analizy/Natolin_Analiza_6_2012.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Kramer A.E., Georgia Becomes an Unlikely U.S. Ally in Iraq, „New York Times” 2007, 8 X, [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/08/news/08iht‑ally.4.7803155.html?pagewanted=all.
View in Google Scholar

Kucera J., Obama and Saakashvili Signal No Movement on Weapons to Georgia, Euroasianet, 30 I 2012, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64925.
View in Google Scholar

Kucera J., U.S. Congress Demands Renewal of Arms Sales to Georgia, Euroasianet, 17 XII 2012, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64728.
View in Google Scholar

Kucera J., U.S. Congress: Georgia Military Aid Imperiled by Human Rights Concern, Euroasianet, 26 VI 2013, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/node/67180.
View in Google Scholar

Kucera J., U.S. Endorses NATO MAP for Georgia, Eurasianet, 27 II 2014, [online] http://www.eurasianet.org/node/68092.
View in Google Scholar

Kupchan Ch.A., Wilted Rose, „The New Republic” 2006, 6 II.
View in Google Scholar

Lisbon Summit Declaration, NATO, Press Release (2010) 155, 20 XI 2010, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68828.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Logan J., China, America, and the Pivot to Asia, „Policy Analysis” 2013, nr 717, [online] http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa717.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

McNamara S., NATO’s 60th Anniversary Summit: Unfocused and Unsuccessful, The Heritage Foundation, 8 IV 2009, [online] http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/04/natos‑60th‑anniversary‑summit‑unfocused‑and‑unsuccessful.
View in Google Scholar

Miroiu C., The Caucasus Conflict and its Implications for European Security, „Journal of East‑European and Asian Studies” 2008, [online] http://www.jeeas.org/index.php/archive/60‑crisiamiroiu.
View in Google Scholar

National Energy Policy. Report of the National Energy Policy Development, Washington, V 2001, [online] http://web.ornl.gov/sci/propulsionmaterials/pdfs/National‑Energy‑Policy‑2001.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

NATO and Afghanistan, NATO, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/69772.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Georgia [Republic] and NATO Enlargement: Issues and Implications, Washington 2008, CRS Report for Congress, RS22829.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Georgia [Republic]: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests, Washington 2008, CRS Report for Congress, 97‑727.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Georgia’s January 2008 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications, Washington 2008,CRS Report for Congress, RS22794.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Georgia’s Pankisi Gorge. Russian Concerns and U.S. Interests, Washington 2003, CRS Report for Congress, RS21319.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Russia‑Georgia Conflict in South Ossetia. Context and Implications for U.S. Interests, Washington 2009, CRS Report for Congress, RS34618.
View in Google Scholar

Nichol J., Kim J., Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, Washington 2002, CRS Report for Congress, RL33453.
View in Google Scholar

Obama B., Renewing American Leadership, „Foreign Affairs” 2007, Vol. 86, nr 4.
View in Google Scholar

The Obama‑Biden Plan, The Office of the President‑Elect, [online] http://change.gov/agenda/energy_and_environment_agenda/.
View in Google Scholar

Olcott M.B., Kyrgyzstan’s „Tulip Revolution”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 28 III 2005, [online] http://carnegieendowment.org/2005/03/28/kyrgyzstan‑s‑tulip‑revolution/25e6.
View in Google Scholar

Osborn A., Timeline: Vladimir Putin’s US‑Russia Odyssey, „The Telegraph” 2010, 1 XII, [online] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8174133/Timeline‑Vladimir‑Putins‑US‑Russia‑Odyssey.html.
View in Google Scholar

Papava V., The Baku‑Tbilisi‑Ceyhan Pipeline: Implications for Georgia, [w:] The Baku‑Tbilisi‑Ceyhan Pipeline: Oil Window to the West, red. S.F. Starr, S.E. Cornell, Washington 2005.
View in Google Scholar

The Partnership for Peace programme, NATO, [online] http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50349.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002, United States Department of States, Washington, IV 2003, [online] http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/20177.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Peterson J., All in the (Dysfunctional) Family? Transatlantic Relations after Iraq, „Current History” 2004, Vol. 103, nr 676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.676.355
View in Google Scholar

Pliszczyńska O., Polityka „niebezpieczeństwa” Gruzji, Lublin 2010, Prace Instytutu Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej, 14.
View in Google Scholar

Pliszczyńska O., Polityka zagraniczna Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec regionu Kaukazu Południowego, [w:] Region Kaukazu w stosunkach międzynarodowych, red. K. Iwańczuk, T. Kapuśniak, Lublin 2008.
View in Google Scholar

Pond S., Zrozumieć instrumenty Partnerstwa dla Pokoju, „Przegląd NATO” wiosna 2004, [online] http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2004/issue1/polish/art2.html.
View in Google Scholar

Powell Had Role in Departure of Georgian Leader Shevardnadze, „USA Today” 2003, 25 XI, [online] http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003‑11‑25‑us‑georgia_x.htm.
View in Google Scholar

President Thanks Georgian President for Support Against Terrorism, The White House Archives – President George W. Bush, 5 X 2001, [online] http://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011005‑10.html.
View in Google Scholar

President Addresses and Thanks Citizens in Tbilisi, Georgia, The White House Archives – President George W. Bush, 10 V 2005, [online] http://georgewbush‑whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/05/images/20050510‑2_w8n1312jpg‑1‑515h.html.
View in Google Scholar

Psaki J., Georgian Presidential Election, Press Statement, U.S. Department of State, 28 X 2013, [online], http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/10/215929.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Putin Confronts NATO at Bucharest Summit, Global Research, 4 IV 2008, [online] http://www.globalresearch.ca/putin‑confronts‑nato‑at‑bucharest‑summit/8558.
View in Google Scholar

Rice C., Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interests, „Foreign Affairs” 2000, Vol. 79, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20049613
View in Google Scholar

Rice C., No Higher Honor. A Memoir of My Years in Washington, New York 2011.
View in Google Scholar

Rubin E., U.S.‑Georgia Relations after the Georgian Parliamentary Elections, U.S. Department of State, 24 X 2012, [online] http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rm/2012/199745.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Sanikidze G., The Georgian Rose Revolution: Causes and Effects, „Caucasus and Central Asia Newsletter” 2004, nr 5.
View in Google Scholar

Scahill J., Blackwater. Narodziny najpotężniejszej armii najemnej świata, przeł. P. Pawlaczek, Wrocław 2009.
View in Google Scholar

Signing Ceremony for the United States and Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership, U.S. Department of State, 9 I 2009, [online] http://2001‑2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2009/01/113740.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Simon J., Black Sea Regional Security Cooperation: Building Bridges and Barries, [w:] Next Steps in Forging a Euroatlantic Strategy for the Wider Black Sea, red. R. Asmus, Washington 2006.
View in Google Scholar

Socor V., Russia Moves Toward Open Annexation of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, The Jamestown Foundation, 18 IV 2008, [online] http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=33560.
View in Google Scholar

Socor V., Russia’s Economic and Political Warfare Failing to Subdue Georgia, The Jamestown Foundation, 10 X 2006, [online] http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32116.
View in Google Scholar

Spanning Three Countries from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Coast, BP, [online] http://www.bpgeorgia.ge/go/doc/1339/150562/Baku‑Tbilisi‑Ceyhan‑BTC‑Pipeline‑.
View in Google Scholar

Statement by President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze at the EAPC Summit, NATO, Prague Summit, 21 XI 2002, [online] http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2002/s021122h.htm.
View in Google Scholar

The statement of the Azerbaijan President Heydar Aliyev at ceremony of signing the agreement between Azerbaijan and Georgia on transportation of natural gas to be extracted from the deposit „Shahdeniz” via Baku‑Tbilisi‑Erzurum route, Heydar Aliyev Heritage, 29 IX 2001, [online] http://lib.aliyev‑heritage.org/en/8434330.html.
View in Google Scholar

Stevens P., The „Shale Gase Revolution”: Development and Changes, Chatham House Briefing Paper, VIII 2012, [online] http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Energy,%20Environment%20and%20Development/bp0812_stevens.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Świeżak P., C. Rice o sytuacji w WNP, Ukraina blisko NATO, Portal Spraw Zagranicznych, 21 IV 2005, [online] http://www.psz.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1238.
View in Google Scholar

Tarnoff C., U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union, Washington 2003, CRS Report for Congress, RL32866.
View in Google Scholar

Trenin D., Russia Leaves the West, „Foreign Affairs” 2006, Vol. 85, nr 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20032043
View in Google Scholar

U.S. Official On Russia‑Georgia WTO Talks, European Dialogue, 11 V 2011, [online] http://eurodialogue.org/US‑Official‑on‑Russia‑Georgia‑WTO‑Talks.
View in Google Scholar

U.S. Relations With Iran, U.S. Department of State, 28 VIII 2013, [online] http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5314.htm.
View in Google Scholar

Walsh N.P., Russia Accused of Plot to Sabotage Georgian Oil Pipeline, „The Guardian” 2003, 1 XII, [online] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/dec/01/georgia.oil.
View in Google Scholar

Walsh N.P., U.S. Privatizes Its Military Aid to Georgia, „The Guardian” 2004, 6 I, [online] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/jan/06/georgia.nickpatonwalsh.
View in Google Scholar

„The War Is Over”: Last U.S. Soldiers Leave Iraq, NBC News, 17 XII 2011, [online] http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/12/18/9528197‑the‑war‑is‑over‑last‑us‑soldiers‑leave‑iraq?lite.
View in Google Scholar

Welt C., How Strategic is the U.S‑Georgia Strategic Partnership, Prepared for presentation in the seminar series „Limited Sovereignty and Soft Borders in Southeastern Europe and the Former Soviet States: The Challenges and Political Consequences of Future Changes in Legal Status”, Harriman Institute, Columbia University, 2010.
View in Google Scholar

Whitfield T., Friends Indeed? The United Nations, Groups of Friends, and the Resolution of Conflict, Washington 2007.
View in Google Scholar

Wilson J.L., The Legacy of the Color Revolutions for Russian Politics and Foreign Policy, „Problems of Post‑Communism” 2010, Vol. 57, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216570202
View in Google Scholar

Wyciszkiewicz E., Rosyjska polityka energetyczna w basenie Morza Kaspijskiego, [w:] Geopolityka rurociągów. Współzależność energetyczna a stosunki międzynarodowe na obszarze postsowieckim, red. tenże, Warszawa 2008.
View in Google Scholar

Zoellick R.B., Campaign 2000: A Republican Foreign Policy, „Foreign Affairs” 2000, Vol. 79, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20049614
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

04-11-2014

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

“Rola Gruzji W Polityce Zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych W XXI W”. 2014. Politeja 11 (6 (32): 333-63. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.32.18.