Protokół wojny jako element protokolaryzacji bezpieczeństwa
Przypadek rosyjskiej agresji zbrojnej na Ukrainę
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.21.2024.93.01Keywords:
security, protocol, Russia, Ukraine, warAbstract
WAR PROTOCOL AS AN ELEMENT OF SECURITY PROTOCOLARIZATION: THE CASE OF THE RUSSIAN MILITARY AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE
War protocol is a variant of security protocol: an innovative epistemological tool used to explain the complexity of social relations and the subjective-structural dependencies generated by interactions between social actors. It is particularly useful in security studies due to the value of heuristic explanation of decisions made in the face of an increasing threat or a sudden crisis. In this paper, security protocol will be discussed as war protocol and tested on the example of the Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine. The hypothesis assumes that the war protocol proclaimed by V. Putin on February 24, 2022 and implemented by the Russian state apparatus was a heuristic tool encoding a chauvinistic, neo-imperialist and neo-colonial narrative in the form of a standardized message addressed domestically to atomized and manipulated recipients, as well as to a networked and globalized audience. The war protocol exposed force as the main object of reference, defined by triangulation of subjectivity, power and networking. The methodology used in the research presented in the paper explores an innovative theory of protocolization and its analytical and cognitive elements included in the concept of security protocol. The methods are based on a reflective research strategy implying a qualitative approach to the research.
Downloads
References
Address by the President of the Russian Federation, February 21, 2022, „EIR Review” 2022, vol. 49, no. 9, [online] https://larouchepub.com/eiw/public/2022/eirv49n09-20220304/eirv49n09-20220304_005-address_by_the_president_of_the.pdf.
View in Google Scholar
Adler E., World Ordering: A Social Theory of Cognitive Evolution, Cambridge 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108325615
View in Google Scholar
Adler E., Drieschova, A., The Epistemological Challenge of Truth Subversion to the Liberal International Order, „International Organization” 2021, vol. 75, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000533
View in Google Scholar
Allison G., The Myth of the Liberal Order: From Historical Accident to Conventional Wisdom,„Foreign Affairs” 2018, vol. 97, no. 4.
View in Google Scholar
Anderson J., The Chekist Takeover of the Russian State, „International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence” 2006, vol. 19, no. 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483699
View in Google Scholar
Anderson J., The HUMINT Offensive from Putin’s Chekist State, „International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence” 2007, vol. 20, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079958
View in Google Scholar
Aro J., Trolle Putina, tłum. M. Laskowska, Kraków 2020.
View in Google Scholar
Augustynowicz P., Charakterystyka sektora przedsiębiorstw państwowych w rosyjskim systemie gospodarczym, „Studia Ekonomiczne. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach” 2015, nr 213.
View in Google Scholar
Bauman Z., Płynne czasy. Życie w epoce niepewności, tłum. M. Żakowski, Warszawa 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Bauman Z., Płynny lęk, tłum. J. Margański, Kraków 2008.
View in Google Scholar
Booth K., Wheeler N., The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics, Basingstoke–New York 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350394193
View in Google Scholar
Bourne M., Understanding Security, Basingstoke–New York 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40210-3
View in Google Scholar
Boym S., The Future of Nostalgia, New York 2001.
View in Google Scholar
Chawryło K., Propaganda masowego rażenia. Rosyjska telewizja w obliczu wojny, „Komentarze OSW” 2022, 6 V, nr 443, [online] https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/komentarzeosw/2022-05-06/propaganda-masowego-razenia-rosyjska-telewizja-w-obliczu-wojny.
View in Google Scholar
Darczewska J., Żochowski P., Środki aktywne. Rosyjski towar eksportowy, Warszawa 2017.
View in Google Scholar
Diec J., Ideologiczne i doktrynalne podstawy rosyjskiej inwazji na Ukrainę, [w:] Inwazja Rosji na Ukrainę, red. J. Diec, A. Jach, K. Pachucki-Włosek, Kraków 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388719
View in Google Scholar
Fiedorow J., Rosyjskie supermocarstwo: Mity i rzeczywistość, [w:] Imperium Putina, red. W. Konończuk, Warszawa 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Galloway A.R., Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization, Cambridge–London 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5658.001.0001
View in Google Scholar
Galloway A.R., Protocol, „Theory, Culture & Society” 2006, vol. 23, no. 2-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/026327640602300241
View in Google Scholar
Galloway A.R., Thacker E., The Exploit: A Theory of Networks, Minneapolis–London 2007.
View in Google Scholar
Gel’man V., Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Changes, Pittsburgh 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt155jmv1
View in Google Scholar
Gessen M., Putin. Człowiek bez twarzy, tłum. J. Szajkowska, M. Witkowska,Warszawa 2012.
View in Google Scholar
Giddens A., Nowoczesność i tożsamość. Ja i społeczeństwo w epoce późnej nowoczesności, tłum. A. Szulżycka, Warszawa 2002.
View in Google Scholar
Gruszczak A., Kilka uwag o strategicznym wymiarze wojny w Ukrainie, [w:] The War Must Go On. Dynamika wojny w Ukrainie i jej reperkusje dla bezpieczeństwa Polski, red. A. Gruszczak, Kraków 2023, https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388801.01. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388801
View in Google Scholar
Gruszczak A., Unia Europejska w krainie koszmarów. Refleksje nad bezpieczeństwem europejskim w czasach niepewności, „Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne. Seria Nowa” 2022, vol. 1, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.26343/0585556X11601.
View in Google Scholar
Guriev S., Treisman D., Spin Dictators: The Changing Face of Tyranny in the 21st Century, Princeton 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691224466
View in Google Scholar
Hertwig R., Hoffrage U., Simple Heuristics: The Foundations of Adaptive Social Behavior, [w:] Simple Heuristics in a Social World, red. R. Hertwig, U. Hoffrage, Oxford 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.001.0001
View in Google Scholar
Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, red. T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, D. Kahneman, Cambridge 2002.
View in Google Scholar
Jach A., W stronę „ostatecznego rozwiązania kwestii ukraińskiej”. Rosyjski projekt inwazji, [w:] Inwazja Rosji na Ukrainę, red. J. Diec, A. Jach, K. Pachucki-Włosek, Kraków 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388719.05
View in Google Scholar
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, red. D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, A. Tversky, Cambridge 1982.
View in Google Scholar
Karta Narodów Zjednoczonych, [online] https://libr.sejm.gov.pl/tek01/txt/onz/1945-r7.html.
View in Google Scholar
Katz B., Jones S.G., Doxsee C., Harrington N., The Expansion of Russian Private Military Companies, Washington, D.C. 2020, [online] https://russianpmcs.csis.org.
View in Google Scholar
Kuźniar R., Zmierzch liberalnego porządku międzynarodowego 2011-2021, Warszawa 2022.
View in Google Scholar
Laruelle M., Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire, Washington, D.C. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801890734
View in Google Scholar
Latour B., Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory, Oxford 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199256044.001.0001
View in Google Scholar
Łabuszewska A., Klub Wałdaj, czyli kabaret skeczów ponurych, „Tygodnik Powszechny” 2023, 6 X, [online] https://labuszewska.blog.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/2023/10/06/klub-waldajczyli-kabaret-skeczow-ponurych/.
View in Google Scholar
Marten K., Russia’s Use of Semi-State Security Forces: The Case of the Wagner Group, „Post-Soviet Affairs” 2019, vol. 35, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2019.1591142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2019.1591142
View in Google Scholar
Maull H.W., The Once and Future Liberal Order, „Survival” 2019, vol. 61, no. 2, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00396338.2019.1589076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1589076
View in Google Scholar
Nawrotek J., Kompleks wojskowo-przemysłowy Federacji Rosyjskiej, „Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia”2020, vol. 49, no. 153(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2703
View in Google Scholar
Pawłuszko T., Bezpieczeństwo ontologiczne państwa. Koncepcja i zastosowanie, „Doctrina. Studia Społeczno-Polityczne” 2018, no. 15.
View in Google Scholar
Przemówienie Prezydenta Federacji Rosyjskiej Władimira Putina do współobywateli, Moskwa, 24 lutego 2022 r., [online] https://poland.mid.ru/pl/rossiya_polsha/rossijsko_polskie_otnosheniya_i_voprosy_mezhdunarodnoj_bezopasnosti/przem_wienie_prezydenta_federacji_rosyjskiej_w_adimira_putina_do_wsp_obywateli_moskwa_24_lutego_2022/.
View in Google Scholar
Putin V., Article by Vladimir Putin „On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians”, [online] http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181.
View in Google Scholar
Service R., Na Kremlu wieczna zima. Rosja za drugich rządów Putina, tłum. J. Wołk-Łaniewski, Kraków 2022.
View in Google Scholar
Shevtsova L., Interregnum: Russia between Past and Future, Washington 2014.
View in Google Scholar
Shlapentokh V., Arutunyan A., Freedom, Repression, and Private Property in Russia, Cambridge 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107323780
View in Google Scholar
Simmel G., Soziologie. Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung, Leipzig 1908, [online] https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/54620.
View in Google Scholar
The Military Balance 2020, London 2020.
View in Google Scholar
Van Herpen M.H., Putin’s Wars: The Rise of Russia’s New Imperialism, Lanham 2024.
View in Google Scholar
Welch D.A., Security: A Philosophical Investigation, Cambridge 2022.
View in Google Scholar
Wezeman P.D., Gadon J., Wezeman S.T., Trends In International Arms Transfers, 2022, „SIPRI Fact Sheet” 2023, III, [online] https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/2303_at_fact_sheet_2022_v2.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55163/CPNS8443
View in Google Scholar
Агеева В.Д., Global Russians как российская «мягкая сила», „Россия в глобальной политике” [Ageeva V.D., Global Russians kak rossiĭskaâ «mâgkaâ sila», „Rossiâ v global’noj politike”] 2022, vol. 20, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6439-2022-20-1-91-106
View in Google Scholar
Батанова O., Русский мир, „Международная жизнь” [Batanova O., Russkij mir, „Meždunarodnaâ žizn’”] 2008, № 11, [online] https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1606.
View in Google Scholar
Дугин A., Основы геополитики. Геополитическое будущее России [Dugin A., Osnovy geopolitiki. Geopolitičeskoe buduŝee Rossii], Moskwa 1997.
View in Google Scholar
Левада-Центр, Конфликт с Украиной: оценки конца 2023 – начала 2024 года [Levada-Centr, Konflikt s Ukrainoj: ocenki konca 2023 - načala 2024 goda], 6 II 2024, [online] https://www.levada.ru/2024/02/06/konflikt-s-ukrainoj-otsenki-kontsa-2023-nachala-2024-goda/print/.
View in Google Scholar
Левада-Центр, Pейтинги января 2024 года: оценка положения дел в стране, одобрение ин-ститутов, доверие политикам и рейтинги партий [Levada-Centr, Pejtingi ânvarâ 2024
View in Google Scholar
goda: ocenka položeniâ del v strane, odobrenie institutov, doverie politikam i rejtingi partij], 1 II 2024, [online] https://www.levada.ru/2024/02/01/rejtingi-yanvarya-2024-godaotsenka-polozheniya-del-v-strane-odobrenie-institutov-doverie-politikam-i-rejtingi-partij/.
View in Google Scholar
Обращение Президента Российской Федерации, 24 февраля 2022 года, 06:00, Москва, Кремль [Obraŝenie Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii, 24 fevralâ 2022 goda, 06:00, Moskva, Kreml’], [online] kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67836.
View in Google Scholar
Путин В.В., Послание Федеральному Собранию Российской Федерации [Putin V.V., Poslanie Federal’nomu Sobraniû Rossijskoj Federacii], 25.04.2005, [online] kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/22931.
View in Google Scholar
Русский мир в меняющемся мире, red. Г.А. Комарова, Москва [Russkij mir v menâûŝemsâ mire, red. G.A. Komarova, Moskva] 2018.
View in Google Scholar
Тренин Д., Политика и обстоятельства. Способны ли мы сохранить страну и развивать её дальше, „Россия в глобальной политике” [Trenin D., Politika i obstoâtel’stva. Sposobny li my sohranit’ stranu i razvivat’ eë dal’še, „Rossiâ v global’noj politike”] 2022, 20 V, [online] https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/politika-i-obstoyatelstva/.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
