Rekonstrukcja strategii Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Tajwanu podczas prezydentury Josepha Bidena

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.20.2023.85.06

Keywords:

Taiwan, U.S., China, Joe Biden, Indo-Pacific, strategic ambiguity, realism

Abstract

RECONSTRUCTING THE US STRATEGY TOWARDS TAIWAN DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF JOSEPH BIDEN

Adopting the model of neoclassical realism and elements of the American-centric nationalist paradigm, the paper examines both systemic factors stemming from the Sino-American power rivalry and internal ones referring to the populist traditions of American foreign policy. The main goal of America regarding Taiwan was to use its relationship with the island in its policy of containment of China by emphasizing Taiwan’s right to decide its future and preventing China from taking over the island by force. Along with deepening bilateral cooperation, the administration used multilateral mechanisms to promote the concept of peace and security across the Taiwan Strait as an essential element of the global order, which increased the number of countries interested in maintaining the status quo. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine heightened concerns about the possibility of PRC’s attack on Taiwan, prompting the Biden administration to intensify pressure on Taipei to accelerate military reform. However, the accentuation of closer relations between Washington and Taipei was interpreted by China as a provocative crossing of more “red lines,” leading to an intensification of repressive measures against Taiwan and the consolidation of bellicose rhetoric directed against both Washington and Taipei.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Filip Grzegorzewski, University of Warsaw

    Dyplomata z dwudziestoletnim stażem pracy w Ministerstwie Spraw Zagranicznych RP oraz Europejskiej Służbie Działań Zewnętrznych. Absolwent stosunków międzynarodowych oraz sinologii na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, a także Akademii Dyplomatycznej MSZ. Od 2019 roku reprezentuje Unię Europejską na Tajwanie jako dyrektor Europejskiego Biura Ekonomiczno-Handlowego. W latach 2015-2019 przewodniczył w Brukseli Grupie Roboczej ds. Azji i Oceanii (COASI) Rady Unii Europejskiej. COASI zrzesza przedstawicieli wszystkich krajów członkowskich UE i przygotowuje decyzje Rady Unii Europejskiej w sprawach dotyczących Azji i Oceanii. Grzegorzewski sprawował funkcje kierownicze w MSZ jako dyrektor Departamentu Azji i Pacyfiku oraz w Sekretariacie Ministra. W latach 2018-2021 był radcą w Wydziale Politycznym Delegatury Unii Europejskiej w Chinach i Mongolii, a wcześniej pracował w Stałym Przedstawicielstwie RP przy Unii Europejskiej w Brukseli.

References

Accinelli R., Crisis and Commitment: United States Policy Toward Taiwan, 1950-1955, Chapel Hill, NC 1996.
View in Google Scholar

Biden Tells 60 Minutes U.S. Troops Would Defend Taiwan, but White House Says This Is Not Official U.S. Policy, CBS News, 18 IX 2022, [online:] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-joe-biden-taiwan-60-minutes-2022-09-18.
View in Google Scholar

Blanchard B., Lee Yi-mou, China Ends Taiwan Drills After Practising Blockades, Precision Strikes, Reuters, 11 IV 2023, [online:] https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-following-chinas-taiwan-drills-with-great-interest-2023-04-10.
View in Google Scholar

Bush Comments on Taiwan: Did He Go Too Far or Not Far Enough?, „PacNet” 2003, no. 51/51A, s. 1-2, [online:] https://pacforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/pac_0351and51a.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Campbell K., The Pivot: The Future of American Statecraft in Asia, New York 2016.
View in Google Scholar

Chen D.P., US-China-Taiwan in the Age of Trump and Biden, New York 2022, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003286615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003286615
View in Google Scholar

Clinton H., America’s Pacific Century, „Foreign Policy” 2011, 11 X, [online:] https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/americas-pacific-century.
View in Google Scholar

Commerce Official Celebrates U.S.-Taiwan Trade at Signing Event: Press Release, U.S. Department of Commerce, 14 X 2022, [online:] https://www.trade.gov/press-release/commerce-official-celebrates-us-taiwan-trade-signing-event.
View in Google Scholar

Delfeld C., Power Rivals: America and China’s Superpower Struggle, Alexandria, VA 2022.
View in Google Scholar

Everington K., 200 US Military Trainers Now in Taiwan, „Taiwan News” 2023, 17 IV, [online:] https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4866003.
View in Google Scholar

Ford L., The Trump Administration and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific, Brookings – Quality. Independence. Impact, [online:] https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-trumpadministration-and-the-free-and-open-indo-pacific.
View in Google Scholar

Full Transcript of ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos’ Interview with President Joe Biden, ABC News, 19 VIII 2021, [online:] https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/full-transcript-abc-newsgeorge-stephanopoulos-interview-president/story?id=79535643.
View in Google Scholar

G7 Foreign and Development Ministers’ Meeting: Communiqué, London, 5 May 2021, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, [online:] www.gov.uk/government/publications/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-com-munique/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-communique-london-5-may-2021.
View in Google Scholar

Goh E., The Asia-Pacific’s „Age of Uncertainty”: Great Power Competition, Globalisation and the Economic Security Nexus, [w:] From Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific: Diplomacy in a Contested Region, red. R. Patman, P. Kollner, B. Kiglics, Singapore 2022, s. 29-52, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7007-7_2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7007-7_2
View in Google Scholar

Grabowski M., Joe Biden’s Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Change or Continuity. A Comparative Analysis, „Polish Political Science Yearbook” 2021, vol. 50, no. 4, s. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202152
View in Google Scholar

Grabowski M., Problem Tajwanu w stosunkach amerykańsko-chińskich w latach 1949-2007, „Politeja” 2007, nr 8, s. 337-352.
View in Google Scholar

Grzegorzewski F., Strategic Ambiguity in US-Taiwan Relations During the Donald Trump Administration, „Polish Political Science Yearbook” 2022, vol. 51, no. 1, s. 59-74, https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202210
View in Google Scholar

Haass R., Glaser B., Bush R., U.S.-Taiwan Relations: The Past, Present, and Future of a Unique and Consequential Relationship, Washington, DC 2023.
View in Google Scholar

Haass R., Sacks D., American Support for Taiwan Must Be Unambiguous, „Foreign Affairs” 2020, 2 IX, [online:] https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/american-supporttaiwan-must-be-unambiguous.
View in Google Scholar

Hunnicutt T., Biden Says He Would Be Willing to Use Force to Defend Taiwan Against China, Reuters, 24 V 2022, [online:] https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-meets-japaneseemperor-start-visit-launch-regional-economic-plan-2022-05-23.
View in Google Scholar

Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States, White House, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Interim National Security Strategic Guidance, White House, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NSC-1v2.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Joint Statement of the United States and Japan, White House, 13 I 2023, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/13/joint-statement-of-theunited-states-and-japan.
View in Google Scholar

Key U.S. Foreign Policy Documents for the Region, American Institute in Taiwan, [online:] https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/en/key-documents.html.
View in Google Scholar

Kozub-Karkut M., Realizm neoklasyczny w perspektywie teorii stosunków międzynarodowych i polityki zagranicznej, Kraków 2020.
View in Google Scholar

Lin Cheng-yi, The Legacy of the Korean War: Impact on U.S.-Taiwan Relations, „Journal of Northeast Asian Studies” 1992, vol. 11, no. 4, s. 40-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03023495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03023495
View in Google Scholar

Major Exercises in East China Sea and Those for Remote Island Defense, Japan Ministry of Defense, [online:] https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_architecture/major-exercises/major_exercises_01.html.
View in Google Scholar

Marking One Year Since the Release of the Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy: Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of State, 13 II 2023, [online:] https://www.state.gov/marking-one-yearsince-the-release-of-the-administrations-indo-pacific-strategy.
View in Google Scholar

Mead W., Special Providence: American Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World, New York 2002, https://doi.org/10.2307/20033010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20033010
View in Google Scholar

MOFA Welcomes US Bills Reaffirming Support for Taiwan, Taiwan Today, 26 XII 2022, [online:] https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2,6,10,15,18&post=230034.
View in Google Scholar

Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of China, 2 XII 1954, Avalon Project – Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, [online:] https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/chin001.asp#art1.
View in Google Scholar

National Archives in Washington, DC, Collection HST-WHPRF: White House Press Release Files (Truman Administration), IV 1945-I 1953, Series: White House Press Releases, „Press Release, Statement by the President”, 27 VI 1950, National Archives Identifier: 76089606, [online:] https://catalog.archives.gov/id/76089606.
View in Google Scholar

National Defense Strategy of the United States of America, U.S. Department of Defense, [online:] https://media.defense.gov/2022/Oct/27/2003103845/-1/-1/1/2022-NATIONAL-DEFENSE-STRATEGY-NPR-MDR.PDF.
View in Google Scholar

National Security Strategy, White House, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

President Tsai Meets US House Delegation Led by Rep. John Curtis, Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), 20 XII 2022, [online:] https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6416?DeteailNo=US.
View in Google Scholar

President Tsai Meets US House Delegation Led by Representative Ro Khanna, Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), 20 XII 2022, [online:] https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6448.
View in Google Scholar

President Tsai Meets US Senator Marsha Blackburn, Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), 26 VIII 2022, [online:] https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/6308?DeteailNo=USl.
View in Google Scholar

Price N., PRC Military Pressure Against Taiwan Threatens Regional Peace and Stability, U.S.
View in Google Scholar

Department of State, 23 I 2021, [online:] www.state.gov/prc-military-pressure-againsttaiwan-threatens-regional-peace-and-stability.
View in Google Scholar

Remarks by President Biden in a CNN Town Hall with Anderson Cooper, White House, 22 X 2021, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/10/22/remarks-by-president-biden-in-a-cnn-town-hall-with-anderson-cooper-2.
View in Google Scholar

Remarks by President Trump at APEC CEO Summit, Da Nang, Vietnam, Donald J. Trump – The White House, 10 XI 2017, [online:] https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-apec-ceo-summit-da-nang-vietnam.
View in Google Scholar

Ripley W., Cheung E, Westcott B., Taiwan’s President Says the Threat from China Is Increasing „Every Day” and Confirms Presence of US Military Trainers on the Island, CNN, 27 X 2021, [online:] https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/27/asia/tsai-ingwen-taiwan-china-interviewintl-hnk/index.html.
View in Google Scholar

Rose G., Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy. „World Politics” 1998, vol. 51, no. 1, s. 144-172, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100007814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100007814
View in Google Scholar

Roy D., Making Sense of Biden’s Taiwan Policy, „The Diplomat” 2022, 22 IX, [online:] https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/making-sense-of-bidens-taiwan-policy.
View in Google Scholar

Secretary Antony J. Blinken, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong, and Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defense Richard Marles at a Joint Press Availability: Remarks, U.S. Department of State, 6 XII 2022, [online:] https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-defense-secretary-lloyd-austin-australian-foreign-minister-penny-wong-and-australian-deputy-prime-minister-and-minister-fordefense-richard-marles-at-a-joint-press-avail.
View in Google Scholar

Taiwan Policy Act of 2022, Library of Congress, [online:] https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4428/text.
View in Google Scholar

Tillerson Reaffirms US’ Commitment to Taiwan, „Taipei Times” 2017, 10 II, [online:] https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/02/10/2003664699.
View in Google Scholar

United States and Taiwan Announce the Launch of the U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade, United States Trade Representative, 1 VI 2022, [online:] https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2022/june/united-states-and-taiwan-announce-launch-us-taiwan-initiative-21st-century-trade.
View in Google Scholar

United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021, Library of Congress, [online:] https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4521/text.
View in Google Scholar

United States-Republic of Korea Leaders’ Joint Statement, White House, 21 V 2022, [online:] https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/21/united-states-republic-of-korea-leaders-joint-statement.
View in Google Scholar

U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress, Washington, DC 2023.
View in Google Scholar

US Warship Sails Through Taiwan Strait Following China War Games, Reuters, 17 IV 2023, [online:] https://www.reuters.com/world/us-warship-sails-through-taiwan-strait-followingchina-war-games-2023-04-17.
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

16-11-2023

How to Cite

“Rekonstrukcja Strategii Stanów Zjednoczonych Wobec Tajwanu Podczas Prezydentury Josepha Bidena”. 2023. Politeja 20 (4(85): 105-25. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.20.2023.85.06.