Export of Polish Machinery Industry to Türkiye 2015-2021

Case Study of Fan Factory

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.22.2025.100.17

Keywords:

Polish exports, Türkiye, machinery industry, economic diplomacy, Complex Interdependence Theory, industrial cooperation, bilateral trade, international business, power industry

Abstract

The article examines the dynamics of Polish machinery exports to Türkiye between 2015 and 2021, using Complex Interdependence Theory as the analytical framework. It highlights the historical, political, and economic context of Polish-Turkish relations, emphasising the role of non-state actors, trade institutions, and market mechanisms in shaping bilateral trade. Special attention is given to the case study of Fabryka Wentylatorów FAWENT S.A., a Polish industrial fan manufacturer, whose long-standing engagement with Turkish power plants and mines illustrates how industrial cooperation develops beyond traditional political or military concerns. The study demonstrates that despite geopolitical uncertainties and economic fluctuations, trade between Poland and Türkiye has shown resilience and potential for growth. The complementary industrial structures of both countries – particularly in the machinery, automotive, and energy sectors – facilitate mutual benefits and future opportunities for deepening cooperation. Findings confirm that Polish exports, driven by competitiveness and adaptability, are an important component of strengthening interdependence and expanding economic diplomacy in the Middle East region.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Agata Maria Karbowska, Jagiellonian University

    A political scientist Assistant Professor with PhD at the Institute of the Middle and Far East, Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University. She holds master’s degrees in International Relations (Strategic Studies), Cultural Studies (Middle Eastern Studies), and Turkology, all from Jagiellonian University. She has also studied at the University of Istanbul, Hacettepe University, and the University of Amman. Her academic experience includes an appointment at İstanbul Şehir University (Centre for Modern Turkish Studies) and research training at Leiden University. She has conducted fieldwork in Syria, Iraq, and Morocco, and delivered guest lectures at Trinity College Dublin and the University of Iceland. She has published extensively on the Middle East and Africa and regularly presents at international conferences. Her research focuses on the history, politics, society, and culture of Türkiye; Islam, with particular emphasis on Sufism and political Islam; and the wider Middle Eastern and African regions.

References

3 Cargo, Polski eksport do Turcji notuje wzrost, at https://www.3cargo.com/polski-eksportdo-turcji-notuje-wzrost/.
View in Google Scholar

Adamczyk A., “Eksport do Turcji – na co zwrócić uwagę?,” Współpraca Gospodarcza, no. 5 (205)(2021), at http://gazeta-msp.pl/?id=pokaz_artykul&indeks_artykulu=5063.
View in Google Scholar

Ambroziak Ł., “Pandemia umocniła pozycję Polski w światowym eksporcie,” Obserwator Finansowy, 23 August 2021, at https://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/tematyka/makroekonomia/trendy-gospodarcze/pandemia-umocnila-pozycje-polski-w-swiatowym-eksporcie/.
View in Google Scholar

AMECFT, at http://www.amecfw.com/.
View in Google Scholar

Aydem Enerji, Hakkimizda, at https://www.aydemenerji.com.tr/bilgi/7/hakkimizda.
View in Google Scholar

Bereket Enerji, Yatağan Termik Santrali, at http://www.bereketenerji.com.tr/yatagan-termiksantrali.html.
View in Google Scholar

Bilfinger, at http://www.bilfinger.com/en/.
View in Google Scholar

Cantoni Group, Emit, at https://www.cantonigroup.com/emit/pl/page/emit.
View in Google Scholar

Çelikler Holding, Çelikler Seyitömer Termik Santrali, at http://celiklerholding.net/yatirimlarimiz_16/celikler-seyitomer-termik-santrali.
View in Google Scholar

Cetinkaya Z., “Turkey Attracts $4.6B foreign Investment in Jan-Nov,” Anadolu Agency, 11 February 2021, at https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkey-attracts-46b-foreign-investmentin-jan-nov/2141321.
View in Google Scholar

“Darbenin faturası 300 Miliar TL,” bigpara, 1 August 2016, at http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/darbenin-faturasi-300-milyar-tl-40177940.
View in Google Scholar

Dilek P.Y., “How Has the Turkish Textile and Clothing Industry Contributed to the Turkish Economy?,” in Defining Circularity of Textile Industry in Turkey, İstanbul 2020, pp. 11-28.
View in Google Scholar

E7 Enerji, at http://www.e7enerji.com/tr/index.html.
View in Google Scholar

Eksport/import według sekcji CN/SITC/PKWiU/BEC i grup krajów, at http://swaid.stat.gov.pl/HandelZagraniczny_dashboards/Raporty_predefiniowane/RAP_SWAID_HZ_3_12.aspx.
View in Google Scholar

Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Genel Müdürlüğü’nün Yatirimlari, at http://www.euas.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Capital-Investments.aspx.
View in Google Scholar

Elektrim, O firmie, at http://www.elektrim.pl/.
View in Google Scholar

Eren Holding, History, at https://www.erenholding.com.tr/page/our-history-121.
View in Google Scholar

Eurostat, Turkey-EU – International Trade in Goods Statistics, at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:Turkey-EU_-_international_trade_in_goods_statistics.
View in Google Scholar

Fawent, Historia firmy, at http://www.fawent.pl/index.php?page=historia.
View in Google Scholar

Fawent, Osiągnięcia, at http://www.fawent.pl/index.php?page=osiagniecia.
View in Google Scholar

Fawent, Our offer, at https://www.fawent.eu/index.php?page=oferta.
View in Google Scholar

Fawent, Referencje, at http://www.fawent.pl/index.php?page=referencje.
View in Google Scholar

“FDI in Tourism: The Development Dimension,” United Nations, New York–Geneva 2007, at https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/iteiia20075_en.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Fedoruk A., “Polsko-turecka współpraca gospodarcza. Co z Polski trafia nad Bosfor?,” Onet, at http://onet.tv/b/biznes/eksport-z-polski-do-turcji-polsko-turecka-wspolpraca-gospodarcza/fbsz4e.
View in Google Scholar

“Fitch Revises Outlook on Turkey to Negative; Affirms at ‘BB-‘,” Fitch Ratings, 21 August 2020, at https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-revises-outlook-on-turkey-tonegative-affirms-at-bb-21-08-2020.
View in Google Scholar

FPM S.A., at https://fpmsa.com/.
View in Google Scholar

Georgijew M., Co kupić, a co sprzedać?, at https://turkey.trade.gov.pl/pl/wymiana-handlowa/204,co-kupic-a-co-sprzedac.html.
View in Google Scholar

Grądzki P., “Jak układa się nasza współpraca z Turcją?,” Sea. Blog – transport morski, lotniczy, spedycja, 15 June 2015, at https://www.seaoo.com/blog/uklada-sie-wspolpraca-turcja/.
View in Google Scholar

GUS, Handel detaliczny i zagraniczny, at http://stat.gov.pl/statystyka-miedzynarodowa/porownania-miedzynarodowe/tablice-o-krajach-wedlug-tematow/handel-detalicznyi-zagraniczny/.
View in Google Scholar

Hydrac, at http://www.hydac.com.pl/.
View in Google Scholar

Hydrac, Hydrac in Poland [Hydrac w Polsce], at http://www.hydac.com/pl-pl/hydac-w-polsce.html.
View in Google Scholar

Instytut Wolności, Potencjał polsko-tureckich relacji to 10 mld euro rocznie, at https://instytutwolnosci.pl/potencjal-polsko-tureckich-relacji-to-10-mld-euro-rocznie/.
View in Google Scholar

Kardemir, Hakkımızda, at https://www.kardemir.com/hakkimizda.
View in Google Scholar

Kardemir, Kilometre Taşları, at https://www.kardemir.com/kilometre_taslari.
View in Google Scholar

Keohane R.O., Nye J.S., Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition, Boston 1977.
View in Google Scholar

“Kütahya Seyitömer Termik Santrali’ndeki olaylar,” TimeTurk, 22 April 2014, at http://www.timeturk.com/tr/2014/04/21/kutahya-seyitomer-termik-santrali-ndeki-olaylar.html.
View in Google Scholar

Marcin, “Grupa Energetyczna Elektrim,” Energia, no. 26, dodatek reklamowy do Rzeczpospolitej, no. 61 (2021), at http://geoland.pl/dodatek/energia-xxvi/grupa-energetyczna-elektrim/.
View in Google Scholar

Ministerstwo Rozwoju i Technologii, Turcja: Analiza Miedzynarodowa. Informacja o stosunkach gospodarczych z Polską, at https://share.google/NBGEvJ2KAY8RQ2XuW.
View in Google Scholar

Ministerstwo Rozwoju, Pracy i Technologii, Turcja. Informacja o stosunkach gospodarczych z Polską, at https://share.google/uSVtBq1H3moyvkrk8.
View in Google Scholar

The Observatory of Economic Complexity, Turkey, at https://oec.world/en/profile/country/tur.
View in Google Scholar

Odpowiedź podsekretarza stanu w Ministerstwie Gospodarki – z upoważnienia ministra -na interpelację nr 12660 w sprawie mechanizmów współpracy gospodarczej Polski z Turcją, at https://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/IZ6.nsf/main/6C2CEA83.
View in Google Scholar

OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey: Overview, https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecdeconomic-surveys-turkey-2016_eco_surveys-tur-2016-en.html.
View in Google Scholar

Özkara F., “FETÖ küresel düzene tehdit,” Milliyet, 4 August 2016, at http://www.milliyet.com.tr/feto-kuresel-duzenetehdit-ekonomi-2289171/.
View in Google Scholar

Peker E., “Turkey Coal Mine Explosion Kills More Than 200,” The Wall Street Journal, 14 May 2014, at http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304536104579560201445492522.
View in Google Scholar

Poland-Turkey For Business, Lira najtańsza w historii, wyprzedaż na giełdzie w Stambule, at https://www.xtb.com/pl/analizy-rynkowe/wiadomosci-rynkowe/pilne-turecka-liranajtansza-w-historii.
View in Google Scholar

Poland-Turkey For Business, Perspektywa wzrostu dla Turcji, at http://www.polandturkey.com/gospodarka/item/720-perspektywa-wzrostu-dla-turcji.
View in Google Scholar

Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, Przewodnik rynkowy dla przedsiębiorców: Turcja, Warszawa 2008, at https://www.parp.gov.pl/storage/publications/pdf/4368h76m57turcjanrt.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Polsko-Turecka Izba Gospodarcza, Strategiczny wymiar polsko-tureckiej współpracy, 13 March 2025, at https://www.ptcoc.eu/pl/wazne-informacje/strategiczny-wymiar-polsko-tureckiejwspolpracy.
View in Google Scholar

“Program Rozwoju Eksportu,” Rzeczpospolita, 3 October 2016, at http://www.rp.pl/Program-Rozwoju-Eksportu/310039880-Coraz-wiecej-polskich-firm-chce-zwiekszac-sprzedazza-granica.html#ap-1.
View in Google Scholar

Rogalski P., Eksport do Turcji – perspektywy, Sea. Blog – transport morski, lotniczy, spedycja, 28 September 2016, at https://www.seaoo.com/blog/eksport-do-turcji-perspektywy/.
View in Google Scholar

Sariyuce I., Dewan A., “Turkey Declares Three-Month State of Emergency,” CNN World, 20 July 2016, at https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/20/europe/turkey-failed-coup-attempt/index.html.
View in Google Scholar

Schwab K., The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, World Economic Forum, Geneva 2016, at https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf.
View in Google Scholar

Schwab K., The Global Competitiveness Report 2019, World Economic Forum, Geneva 2019, at https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.p.
View in Google Scholar

Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Turcja – informator ekonomiczny, at https://www.gov.pl/web/turcja/informator-ekonomiczny.
View in Google Scholar

Seyitömer Elektrik Santrali, at https://celiklerholding.com/enerji.
View in Google Scholar

Sierakowska, J., “Eksport jest i pozostanie polskim priorytetem,” Obserwator Finansowy, 29 December 2015, at https://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/tematyka/makroekonomia/eksportjest-i-pozostanie-polskim-priorytetem/.
View in Google Scholar

“Standard & Poor’s tnie rating Turcji. Rekordowy spadek kursu liry,” Businessinsider, 20 July 2016, at https://businessinsider.com.pl/finanse/makroekonomia/standard-and-poors-obniza-rating-turcji-do-poziomu-bb/kzklzch.
View in Google Scholar

Statista, Turkey: Share of Economic Sectors in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020, at https://www.statista.com/statistics/255494/share-of-economic-sectors-in-thegross-domestic-product-in-turkey/.
View in Google Scholar

SWAID, Handel zagraniczny, at http://swaid.stat.gov.pl/HandelZagraniczny_dashboards/Raporty_konstruowane/RAP_SWAID_HZ_3_5.aspx.
View in Google Scholar

Tilaga, Kurumsal, at https://web.archive.org/web/20140708115613/http://www.tilaga.com.tr/kurumsal.html.
View in Google Scholar

“Trade and Economic Security: Turkey,” European Commission, at https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/turkey/.
View in Google Scholar

Trading Economics, Turkey – Employment in Services (% Of Total Employment), at https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/employment-in-services-percent-of-total-employmentwb-data.html.
View in Google Scholar

Trading Economics, Turkish Lira, at https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/currency.
View in Google Scholar

“Turkey – Current Account,” Focus Economics, at https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/turkey/news/current-account/current-account-deficit-widens-in-december-0/.
View in Google Scholar

“Turkey: People and Society,” Central Intelligence Agency, at https://www.cia.gov/the-worldfactbook/countries/turkey-turkiye/#people-and-society.
View in Google Scholar

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, Haziran 2021, 30 July 2021, at https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-June-2021-37418.
View in Google Scholar

UNCTAD Stats, at https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/.
View in Google Scholar

“Use of Funding under the Pre-Accession Instrument for Turkey,” European Parliament, Priority question for written answer P-001572/2020 to the Commission, Rule 138, at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/P-9-2020-001572_EN.html.
View in Google Scholar

World Bank, Employment in Industry (% of Total Employment) (Modelled ILO Estimate) –Turkey, 7 January 2025, at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.IND.EMPL.ZS?locations=TR.
View in Google Scholar

World Economic Outlook Database: April 2021, at https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=186,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2010&ey=2021&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1.
View in Google Scholar

Yeniköy-Kemerköy, About us, at http://www.ykenerji.com.tr/en/corporate/about-us.
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

28-11-2025

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 6(100) (2025)

Section

Middle East

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

“Export of Polish Machinery Industry to Türkiye 2015-2021: Case Study of Fan Factory”. 2025. Politeja 22 (6(100): 365-87. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.22.2025.100.17.