The Opportunities and Risks Associated with Exploitation of New Oilfields in Brazil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/AdAmericam.17.2016.17.11

Keywords:

Brazil, energy politics, Petrobras, energy sector, pre-salt oilfields

Abstract

Brazil’s domestic energy production has risen in recent years, particularly since the discovery in 2007 of large oil and gas deposits in its pre-salt oilfields. This was an important event in the history of the energy sector in Brazil. The discovery of the new oil fields may be an opportunity for Brazil to improve its energy security and strengthen its position in the international arena. But the future of energy security of Brazil may be threatened by a recent scandal with country’s biggest energy company, Petrobras, mired in national debt, low oil prices, and the potential hazards of the oil industry for the environment. This article reviews the potential benefits and risks of exploitation of Brazil’s new oil deposits.

PlumX Metrics of this article

Author Biography

Edyta Chwiej, Jagiellonian University, Poland

Ph.D. – graduate of the Institute of Political Science and International Relations at the Jagiellonian University. Her main fields of interest include policy issues in international relations of the Western Hemisphere, Polish foreign policy after 1989, and global demographic problems. Author of the book: MERCOSUR. Organizacja regionalnej współpracy gospodarczej w Ameryce Łacińskiej (Kraków 2010) and numerous articles related to contemporary international relations.

References

Anuário estatístico brasileiro do petróleo, gás natural e biocombustíveis: 2014, Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás. Natural e Biocombustíveis, http://www.anp.gov.br/ (28.11.2015)

Brazil, CIA World Factbook, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html (10.12.2015)

Corruption Perceptions Index 2014, Transparency International, http://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results (12.12.2015)

Data workbook. BP Statistical review of 2015, at http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/energy-economics/statistical-review-2015/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2015-workbook.xlsx (26.11.2015)

Europe Brent Spot Price, U.S. Energy Information Administration, at https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=rbrte&f=m (13.12.2015)

Human Development Report 2014, United Nations Development Programme, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf

Acordo Estratégico Brasil – França, at http://www.defesabr.com/MD/md_franca.htm (6.12.2015)

Albuquerqe C. Novo plano de negócios da Petrobras prevê investimentos de 224 bilhões de dólares, at http://www.portalnaval.com.br/noticia/novo-plano-de-negocios-da-petrobras-preveinvestimentos-de-224-bilhoes-de-dolares/ (11.12.2015)

Bacia de Santos, Petrobras, at http://www.petrobras.com.br/pt/nossas-atividades/principais-operacoes/bacias/bacia-de-santos.htm (27.11.2015)

Biller D. IMF Says Brazil Economy to Shrink 3% in 2015 on Political Crisis, 6 X 2015 at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-06/imf-says-brazil-economy-to-shrink-3-in-2015-on-political-crisis (15.01.2016)

Blound J., Schneyer J. Chevron, Transocean charged in Brazilian oil spill, “Reuters,” 22 III 2012, at http://www.reuters.com/article/us-chevron-spill-idUSBRE82K0PL20120322 (11.12.2015)

Brasil reduz a pobreza extrema em 75%, diz FAO, 16.IX.2014, at http://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2014/09/16/brasil-reduz-a-pobreza-extrema-em-75-dizfao.htm (11.12.2015)

Brazil GDP Growth Rate 1996-2016, at http://www.tradingeconomics.com/brazil/gdpgrowth (15.01.2016)

Brazilian Armed Forces Perform Operation Atlantic III. “Diálogo – Digital Military Magazine”. 26 XI 2011, at http://dialogo-americas.com/en_GB/articles/rmisa/features/regional_news/2012/11/26/feature-ex-3694 (6.12.2015)

Brazilian waxing and waning. “The Economist” 1 XII 2015, at http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/12/economic-backgrounder (15.01.2016)

Brazil’s economy enters recession, 28 VIII 2015 at http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34088144 (15.01.2016)

Brazil’s oil boom. Filling up the future. “The Economist”. 5 XI 2011 at http://www.economist.com/node/21536570 (12.11.2015)

Busquet F. Petrobras, Shell, Total, CNOOC and CNPC, partners of pre-salt Libra oilfield approved the 2014 working plan, at http://www.presalt.com/en/pre-salt-oil-gas-home-english/109-english-texts/presaltexplorationproduction/presaltfields/2517-petrobras-shell-total-cnooc-andcnpc-partners-of-pre-salt-libra-oilfield-approved-the-2014-working-plan.html (8.12.2015)

Chauhan V., van Mourik M., Florencio Pedro. Challenges across Brazil’s oil sector and prospects for future production. “Oxford Institute for Energy Studies”. 20 X 2014, at http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/WPM-55.pdf (27.11.2015)

Corruption by country: Brazil, Transparency International, at https://www.transparency.org/country/#BRA (12.12.2015)

Cortes da Petrobras cancelam construção de refinarias no Nordeste, “Jornal Nacional”. 30 I 2015, at http://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2015/01/cortes-da-petrobras-cancelamconstrucao-de-refinarias-no-nordeste.html (13.12.2015)

China investe US$ 15 bi em óleo no país, at http://www.defesanet.com.br/brasilchina/noticia/5358/China-investe-US$-15-bi-em-oleo-no-pais (8.12.2015)

De Mattos Dias J. L., Quaglino M. A. A Questão Do Petróleo No Brasil. Una História Da Petrobrás, Rio de Janeiro, CPDOC: PETROBRAS, 1993

Dilma’s disasters. “The Economist”. 5 XII 2015, at http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21679516-impeachment-proceedings-against-dilma-rousseff-are-bad-brazilthey-make-it-more (12.12.2015)

Dowsett S., Aizhu Ch. Chineses pagam US$7,1 bi à Repsol Brasil de olho no pré-sal. “Reuters Brasil”. 1 X 2010, at http://br.reuters.com/article/topNews/idBRSPE69003020101001 (8.12.2015)

Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America Drops 21% in First Semester of 2015. CEPAL, at http://www.cepal.org/en/pressreleases/foreign-direct-investment-latin-americadrops-21-first-semester-2015 (16.01.2016)

Gandra, A. Expansão do pré-sal fará indústria naval faturar US$ 17 bilhões por ano até 2020. Agência Brasil. 13 VIII 2014, at http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2014-08/expansao-do-pre-sal-fara-industria-naval-faturar-us-17-bilhoes-por-ano-ate (8.12.2015)

Há 61 anos, começava jornada da Petrobras. Portal Governo no Brasil, at http://www.brasil.gov.br/governo/2015/05/ha-61-anos-comecou-a-jornada-da-petrobras (access 13.11.2015)

IPGAP Oil & Gas & Energy News – N° 183, 24 IV 2014. at http://oil-gas-energy.ronaassessoria.com.br/ipgap-oil-gas-energy-news-n-183/ (8.12.2015)

Kubik, A. Ceny ropy naftowej pikują. Są najniższe od siedmiu lat. „Gazeta Wyborcza”. 11 XII 2015, at http://wyborcza.biz/biznes/1,100896,19334306,ceny-ropy-naftowej-pikujasa-najnizsze-od-siedmiu-lat.html (13.12.2015)

Luna D., Khalip A. Petrobras descobre reserva gigante de petróleo; ações disparam. “Reuters Brasil”. 8 XI 2007, at http://br.reuters.com/article/topNews/idBRN0820855620071108?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 (12.11.2015).

Lula anuncia auto-suficiência do Brasil em petróleo amanhã, “Folha de S.Paulo”. 20 IV 2006, at http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u107023.shtml (14.11.2015)

Macalister T. Oil prices crash to 11-year low, “The Guardian,” 6 I 2016 at http://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jan/06/oil-prices-crash-to-11-year-low (16.01.2016)

Marçal L. Petrobras começou com 2.600 barris e agora são 2 milhões por dia. at http://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2013/10/03/petrobras-comecou-com-2600-barris-e-agorasao-2-milhoes-por-dia.htm (13.11.2015)

Meios futuros para a Marinha do Brasil, Marinha do Brasil, at http://www.defesabr.com/MB/mb_meios_futuros_Parte6.htm (7.01.2015)

Nogueira M., Eisenhammer S. Compra da BG tornará Shell grande potência no pré-sal e maior sócia da Petrobras. “Reuters Brasil”. 8 IV 2015, at http://br.reuters.com/article/topNews/idBRKBN0MZ1UZ20150408 (8.12.2015)

Oliveira, J.C. Destinação de recursos dos royalties para educação e saúde vira lei, Câmara dos Deputados, at http://www2.camara.leg.br/camaranoticias/noticias/ADMINISTRACAOPUBLICA/451525-DESTINACAO-DE-RECURSOS-DOS-ROYALTIES-PARA-EDUCACAO-E-SAUDE-VIRA-LEI.html (10.12.2015)

Pamplona, N. Produção de petróleo chegará a 3,6 mi barris por dia em 2020, diz ANP, “Folha de S.Paulo”. 22 X 2015, at http://m.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2015/10/1697383-producaode-petroleo-chegara-a-36-mi-barris-por-dia-em-2020-diz-anp.shtml?mobile (28.11.2015)

Petrobras: escândalo de corrupção causa perdas de US$ 2,059 bilhões. 22 IV 2015, at http://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/afp/2015/04/22/petrobras-escandalo-de-corrupcao-causaperdas-de-us-2059-bilhoes.htm (12.12.2015)

Queda no preço do barril do petróleo pode atrasar investimentos no pré-sal. “Jornal Nacional”. 23 X 2015, at http://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2015/10/queda-no-preco-do-barril-do-petroleo-pode-atrasar-investimentos-no-pre-sal.html (13.12.2015)

Ramalho A. Petrobras reduz plano de investimento a US$ 130 bi entre 2015 e 2019. “Valor”. 29 VI 2015, at http://www.valor.com.br/empresas/4112806/petrobras-reduz-plano-de-investimento-us-130-bi-entre-2015-e-2019 (11.12.2015)

Rosas F. Brasil chega à Copa de 2014 como campeão de gastos em estádios. “El País”. 29 XI 2013, at http://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2013/11/25/economia/1385384409_505409.html (11.12.2015)

Royalties do Petróleo: País contará com mais recursos para a educação e a saúde. Portal Governo no Brasil, at http://www.brasil.gov.br/educacao/2014/12/pais-contara-com-mais-recursos-para-a-educacao-e-a-saude (9.12.2015)

Ruszyła budowa Scorpene w Brazylii. Agencja Lotnicza Altair, at http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=6462 (8.12.2015)

Skandal korupcyjny w Brazylii. Ogromny spadek wpływów Petrobrasu. 13 XI 2015, at http://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/skandal-korupcyjny-w-brazylii-ogromnyspadek,78,0,1953870.html (13.12.2015)

Statoil plans to triple production in Brazil. “Valor Econômico”. 2 IV 2012, at http://www.valor.com.br/international/brief/2598794/statoil-plans-triple-production-brazil (8.12.2015)

Śledztwo wokół afery korupcyjnej zatacza coraz szersze kręgi. 7.III.2015, at http://tvn24bis.pl/zeswiata,75/afera-w-petrobras-czolowi-politycy-objeci-sledztwem,521932.html (12.12.2015)

Valle S. MPF firma acordo com responsáveis por vazamentos de petróleo no Rio. “O Estado de São Paulo”. 13 IX 2013, at http://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/rio-de-janeiro,mpf-firmaacordo-com-responsaveis-por-vazamentos-de-petroleo-no-rio,1074382 (10.01.2015)

What Dutch disease is, and why it’s bad, “The Economist”. 5 XI 2014, at http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/11/economist-explains-2 (13.12.2015)

Wielka korupcja w Petrobrasie przekreśliła ambicje eksportowe Brazylii. Centrum Informacji

o Rynku Energii, 30 I 2015, at http://www.cire.pl/item,105787,1,0,0,0,0,0,wielka-korupcja-w-petrobrasie-przekreslila-ambicje-eksportowe-brazylii.html (13.12.2015)

http://www.bbc.com – BBC

https://br.reuters.com – Reuters

https://www.brasil.gov.br – Portal Governo no Brasil

https://www.cia.gov – CIA World Factbook

https://www.eia.gov – U.S. Energy Information Administration

Downloads

Published

2016-12-30

How to Cite

Chwiej, E. “The Opportunities and Risks Associated With Exploitation of New Oilfields in Brazil”. Ad Americam, vol. 17, Dec. 2016, pp. 149-62, doi:10.12797/AdAmericam.17.2016.17.11.

Issue

Section

Focus on: Latin American Studies