Thoughts on the Symbolism and Origin of Apollo’s Fight Against the Pythian Snake
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/CC.24.2021.24.02Keywords:
Apollo, Pytho, Kadmos, Illuyanka, OphioneusAbstract
The following paper deals with the mythological story about Apollo’s fight against a she-snake at Pytho, where he eventually builds a sanctuary – the Delphic Oracle. First, it is attempted to decipher the terms Pytho, Delphi and Omphalos. A symbolism revolving around an underlying theme of birth is considered. Then, the stories about Apollo and about Kadmos, as well as a motif in Pherecydes’ theogony, and the Anatolian Illuyanka Myth are being presented as subjects of a comparative analysis. This leads to the proposal that all four narratives have a common origin in Western Anatolia or Pre-Greek Hellas.
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
Bachvarova M. R., 2016, From Hittite to Homer: The Anatolian Background of Ancient Greek Epic, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139048736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139048736
Beckman G. M., 1982, ‘The Anatolian Myth of Illuyanka’, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Studies 41, pp. 11–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/372926
Beekes R., 2003, ‘The Origin of Apollo’, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 3, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569212031960384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1569212031960384
Beekes R. S. P., 2004a, ‘Kadmos and Europa, and the Phoenicians’, Kadmos 43, pp. 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1515/kadm.43.1.167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/kadm.43.1.167
Beekes R. S. P., 2004b, ‘The Origin of the Kabeiroi’, Mnemosyne 57/4, pp. 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568525042226101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568525042226101
Beekes R. S. P., 2010, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Leiden–Boston.
Bernal M., 2006, Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, III: The Linguistic Evidence, New Brunswick.
Chappell M., 2011, ‘Homeric Hymn to Apollo: The Question of Unity’, [in:] The Homeric Hymns. Interpretative Essays, A. Faulkner (ed.), Oxford, pp. 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589036.003.0004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589036.003.0004
Collins B. J., 2002, ‘Necromancy. Fertility and the Dark Earth: The Use of Ritual Pits in Hittite Cult’, [in:] Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World, P. Mirecki, M. Meyer (eds.), Leiden–New York–Köln, pp. 224–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047400400_013
Della Casa R., 2019, ‘Hittite Symbolic Landscapes: An Analysis from the Standing Point of Myths’, [in:] Acts of the IXth International Congress of Hittitology.
Çorum, 08–14 September 2014, Vol.1, A. Süel (ed.), Çorum, pp. 211–236.
Finkelberg M., 2005, Greeks and Pre-Greeks: Aegean Prehistory and Greek Heroic Tradition, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482762
Fowler R. L., 2013, Early Greek Mythography II: Commentary, Oxford.
Gantz T. N., 1993, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Baltimore–London.
Georgakopolos K., 2012, ‘Minoan-Anatolian Relations and the Ahhiyawa Question: A Re-Assessement of the Evidence’, Talanta 44, pp. 137–156.
Gilan A., 2011, ‘Das Huhn, das Ei und die Schlange. Mythos und Ritual im Illuyanka-Text’, [in:] Hethitische Literatur. Überlieferungsprozesse, Textstrukturen, Ausdrucksformen und Nachwirken Akten des Symposiums vom 18. bis 20. Februar 2010 in Bonn, M. Hutter, S. Hutter-Braunsar (eds.), Münster, pp. 99–114.
Gilan A., 2013, ‘Once Upon a Time in Kišškiluša: The Dragon Slayer-Myth in Central Anatolia’, [in:] Creation and Chaos. A Reconsideration of Hermann Gunkel’s Chaoskampf Hypothesis, J. Scurlock, R. H. Beal (eds.), Winona Lake, pp. 98–111. https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6r85.11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv18r6r85.11
Herda A., 2006, ‘Panionion–Melia, Mykalessos–Mykale, Perseus und Medusa.
Überlegungen zur Besiedlungsgeschichte der Mykale in der frühen Eisenzeit, Istanbuler Mitteilungen 56, pp. 43–102.
Herrmann V.R., 2014, ‘The KTMW Stele From Zincirli: Syro-Hittite Mortuary Cult and Urban Social Networks’, [in:] Redefining the Sacred: Religious Architecture and Text in the Near East and Egypt, 1000 BC-AD 300, E. Frood, R. Raja (eds.), Turnhout, pp. 153–181.
Hutter M., 1997, [Review] ‘Religion in Hittite Anatolia: Some Comments on “Volkert Haas: Geschichte der hethitischen Religion’”, Numen 44/1, pp. 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568527972629911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568527972629911
Katz J. T., 1998, ‘How to be a Dragon in Indo-European: Hittite Illuyankas and its Linguistic and Cultural Congeners in Latin, Greek, and Germanic’, [in:] Mír Curad. Studies in Honor of Calvert Watkins, J. Jasanoff, C. Melchert (eds.), Innsbruck, pp. 317–334.
Kloekhorst A., 2008, Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon, Leiden.
Kühr A., 2006, Als Kadmos nach Boiotien kam. Polis und Ethnos im Spiegel thebanischer Gründungsmythen, Stuttgart.
Laroche E., 1971, Catalogue des textes hittites, Paris.
Middleton J. H., 1888, ‘The Temple of Apollo at Delphi’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 9, pp. 282–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/623677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/623677
Newell E. T., 1941, The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints: From Seleucus I to Antiochus III, New York.
Palaima T. G., 2011, ‘Euboea, Athens, Thebes and Kadmos: The Implications of the Linear B References’, [in:] Euboea and Athens. Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace. Athens 26-27 June 2009, J. E. Tomlinson, D. W. Rupp (eds.), Athens, pp. 53–75.
Palmer R., 1965, Mycenaeans and Minoans: Aegean Prehistory in the Light of the Linear B Tablets, London.
Richardson N. (ed.), 2010, Three Homeric Hymns to Apollo, Hermes, and Aphrodite.
Hymns 3, 4, and 5, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840296
Ringe D., 2006, From Proto-Indo-European to Indo-Germanic, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284139.003.0002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284139.003.0002
Rosół R., 2007, ‘Die Herkunft des Gottesnamens Apollon’, Glotta 83, pp. 222–242. https://doi.org/10.13109/glot.2007.83.14.222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/glot.2007.83.14.222
Schachter A., 2016, Boiotia in Antiquity: Selected Papers, Cambridge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107282049
Schibli H. S., 1990, Pherecydes of Syros, Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198143833.001.0001
Scott M., 2014, Delphi: A History of the Center of the Ancient World, Princeton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851324
Strolonga P., 2011, ‘The Foundation of the Oracle at Delphi in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo’, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 5, pp. 529–551.
Taracha P., 2009, ‘New Light on Relations Between the Mycenaean World and Hittite Anatolia’, Archeologia 60, pp. 19–26.
Watkins C., 1995, How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics, New York–Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085952.001.0001
West M. L., 1971, Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient, Oxford.
Woudhuizen F. C., 2016, Documents in Minoan Luwian Semitic and Pelasgian, Amsterdam.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.