Sprawozdanie z prac archeologicznych przy przebudowie nawierzchni dziedzińca Pałacu „Krzysztofory”

Abstrakt

REPORT ON THE ARCHEOLOGICAL WORKS ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SURFACE OF THE “KRZYSZTOFORY” PALACE COURTYARD

Archeological research was conducted on the occasion of the change of surface in the area of the courtyard and in the former base-court of the “Krzystofory” Palace. Earth and construction works were connected with levelling and locally significant lowering of the present surface, with the reconstruction of sewage, water supply and electricity networks as well as with the installation of anti-humidity isolation on the foundations of the buildings. The archeological research allowed to recognise very rich cultural deposits formed in the early phases of the late Middle Ages and in modern times. Specific organic products were documented, connected with the functioning of the infrastructure and the breeding of domestic animals, and also the remains of earthen floors and stone pavings. Operational levels with surfaced hardened with stone and thin breakstone were used mainly in modern times, whereas earthen floors performed the function of the surface of the courtyard in the late Middle Ages. On their top various garbage deposits gathered as well as levelling banks and layers connected with the construction and reconstruction of the architectural objects. During the present works a series of brick architectural objects were uncovered and documented, situated at the back of the houses by the Main Square and connected with the functioning of the “Krzysztofory” Palace (Rynek Główny 35) and Spiski Palace (Rynek Główny 34). The objects – just as the deposits recognised under the courtyard – were made at the end of the Middle Ages and in modern times. A part of them certainly had a connection with the housing buildings (annexes) and infrastructure (among them brewery, stables) from the 16th-18th centuries, mentioned in the written sources. The majority of the remains was recognised fragmentarily in the area of network pits and levelling banks from the 19th and 20th centuries. As a result a precise dating is impossible. Besides the state of preservation of the uncovered parts of the walls of the buildings made it impossible to determine the mutual chronological connections and did not give basis for identifying with the infrastructure buildings known from the sources. The present archeological works allowed to establish that a significant part of the courtyard and the former base-court was destroyed by various networks and construction excavations. The majority of them was connected with the construction of the block drain in the beginning of the 19th century, and with the later enlargement of the sewage system.Archeological research was conducted on the occasion of the change of surface in the area of the courtyard and in the former base-court of the “Krzystofory” Palace. Earth and construction works were connected with levelling and locally significant lowering of the present surface, with the reconstruction of sewage, water supply and electricity networks as well as with the installation of anti-humidity isolation on the foundations of the buildings. The archeological research allowed to recognise very rich cultural deposits formed in the early phases of the late Middle Ages and in modern times. Specific organic products were documented, connected with the functioning of the infrastructure and the breeding of domestic animals, and also the remains of earthen floors and stone pavings. Operational levels with surfaced hardened with stone and thin breakstone were used mainly in modern times, whereas earthen floors performed the function of the surface of the courtyard in the late Middle Ages. On their top various garbage deposits gathered as well as levelling banks and layers connected with the construction and reconstruction of the architectural objects. During the present works a series of brick architectural objects were uncovered and documented, situated at the back of the houses by the Main Square and connected with the functioning of the “Krzysztofory” Palace (Rynek Główny 35) and Spiski Palace (Rynek Główny 34). The objects – just as the deposits recognised under the courtyard – were made at the end of the Middle Ages and in modern times. A part of them certainly had a connection with the housing buildings (annexes) and infrastructure (among them brewery, stables) from the 16th-18th centuries, mentioned in the written sources. The majority of the remains was recognised fragmentarily in the area of network pits and levelling banks from the 19th and 20th centuries. As a result a precise dating is impossible. Besides the state of preservation of the uncovered parts of the walls of the buildings made it impossible to determine the mutual chronological connections and did not give basis for identifying with the infrastructure buildings known from the sources. The present archeological works allowed to establish that a significant part of the courtyard and the former base-court was destroyed by various networks and construction excavations. The majority of them was connected with the construction of the block drain in the beginning of the 19th century, and with the later enlargement of the sewage system.