Szkoła Przemysłowa w Krakowie. Początki instytucji i historia budowy gmachów

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THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL IN KRAKÓW: THE ORIGINS OF THE INSTITUTION AND THE HISTORY OF THE FACILITIES

The article is based on archival resources which have not been utilized thoroughly to date. The origins of vocational education in Kraków date back to the establishment of the Technical Institute (funded in 1834 with the means bequeathed by Szczepan Humbert in his testament from 1827) as a response to the European tendency in that respect: in Berlin, a building college had been set up in 1799 and the Industrial Institute in 1821; technical schools had been established in 1806 in Prague and in 1815 in Vienna; in 1829, a polytechnic institute had been started in Warsaw; in 1843, the Technical Academy was founded in Lwów. Originally the Institute was seated in the building of the hitherto St Barbara High School at 3 Mały Rynek. In 1835 the Institute was moved to the building at 20 Gołębia St. In 1846, with the fall of the Free City of Kraków, the Institute was taken over by Austrian authorities; as the only technical school with Polish as the language of instruction in Galicia (and across the then partitioned Polish territories), at that time the Institute enjoyed unparalleled popularity. On the eve of the period of Galician autonomy the Institute was converted into the Polytechnic School (1868), and in 1876 into the Imperial and Royal (that is Austro-Hungarian) Industrial Institute (as one of ten in its category across the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy), while the Technical Institute was then liquidated. In 1882 the Industrial Institute was reorganized into the Imperial and Royal Technical and Industrial Academy which consisted of three faculties, or vocational schools: of building, of mechanical engineering, and of technical chemelement istry. The Academy offered education for low-ranking and secondary-level construction personnel; the architects had to supplement their knowledge elsewhere, such as at the polytechnics in Lwów and Vienna. In 1887 the Imperial and Royal Academy was converted into the Imperial and Royal National Industrial College (ck Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Przemysłowa) with a corresponding structure; in the school year of 1890/1891, the institution was expanded to include the Arts and Crafts Industry School. Despite the high educational standard represented by its teaching personnel (including such architects as Feliks Księżarski, Filip Pokutyński, Sławomir Odrzywolski, Jan Zawiejski, Władysław Ekielski, Józef Pokutyński, and in the early 20th century also the artists Antoni Procajłowicz and Jan Bukowski), the College shared the fate of its predecessors and never amounted to the status of a technical university. Kraków architects smarted from the lack of such an institution in the city; its equivalent emerged only in the early 20th century as the Faculty of Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts.