Nielegalny Handel w regionalnych ugrupowaniach integracyjnych na przykładzie obrotu towarami podrabianymi i pirackimi w Unii Europejskiej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.20.2024.88.2.12Keywords:
illicit trade, counterfeit and pirated goods, intellectual property rights, regional economic communities, European UnionAbstract
ILLICIT TRADE IN REGIONAL INTEGRATION COMMUNITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF TRADE IN COUNTERFEIT AND PIRATED GOODS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Illicit trade in the 21st century is a global phenomenon because the underlying activities concern a number of countries in the modern world. However, as a derivative of many factors, including historical, legal, economic, and cultural, it has different intensity in individual regions of the world, just as its impact on the condition of individual economies is not the same. A special case is both its development and counteracting it in regional integration groups. The reason for this is the freedom of movement of goods or production factors between member countries, as well as the often common external customs border and the pursuit of a common trade policy. The aim of the article is to present trends and results of the analysis of illicit trade in the European Union. This was done on the example of trade in counterfeit and pirated goods in 2005-2021. The study carried out a critical analysis of the subject literature, source documents and used EUROSTAT and OECD source data.
Downloads
References
Azuma Y., Grossman H.I., A Theory of the Informal Sector, March 2002, NBER Working Paper Series, 8823, https://doi.org/10.3386/w8823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w8823
Combating Illicit Trade on the EU Border. A Comparative Perspective, red. C. Nowak, Cham 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51019-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51019-0
Commission Notice on the Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Concerning Goods Brought into the Customs Territory of the Union without Being Released for Free Circulation Including Goods in Transit, (2016/C 244/03), OJ C 244, 5.07.2016.
Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003; Commission Regulation (EC) No 1891/2004, zmienione przez Commission Regulation (EC) No 1172/2007.
Czermińska M., Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the European Union. The Role of Customs
Authorities on the Example of Poland, „International Entrepreneurship Review” 2020, vol. 6, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2020.0602.03. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2020.0602.03
Ćwikowski D., Gospodarka nieoficjalna a bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne państwa, Warszawa 2016.
EUIPO, June 2022, Intellectual Property and Youth Scoreboard, [online] https://euipo.europa.eu/tunnel-web/secure/webdav/guest/document_library/observatory/documents/reports/IP_youth_scoreboard_study_2022/IP_youth_scoreboard_study_2022_en.pdf.
EUIPO, November 2020, European Citizens and Intellectual Property. Perception, Awareness, and Behavior, [online] https://www.euipo.europa.eu/pl/publications/european-citizensand-intellectual-property-perception-awareness-and-behaviour-2020.
EUIPO, EUROPOL, Intellectual Property Crime Threat Assessment 2022, [online] https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/publications/intellectual-property-crimethreat-assessment-2022.
European Commission, Report on the EU Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border 2007, Luxembourg 2008.
European Commission, Report on the EU Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border 2012, Luxembourg 2013.
European Commission, Report on the EU Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border 2016, Luxembourg 2017.
European Commission, Report on the EU Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border 2017, Luxembourg 2018.
European Commission, Report on the EU Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border 2018, Luxembourg 2019.
European Commission, EUIPO, EU Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border and in the EU Internal Market 2020.
European Commission, EUIPO, EU Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights. Results at the EU Border and in the EU Internal Market 2021.
Gallien M., Informal Institutions and the Regulation of Smuggling in North Africa, „Perspectives on Politics” 2019, vol. 18, no. 2, [online] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/informal-institutions-and-the-regulation-of-smuggling-in-north-africa/531F344957F020D2167C990EBAE876A6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592719001026
Garlińska-Bielawska J., Informal Cross-Border Trade in African Economic Communities – The Case of the ECOWAS and the WAEMU, „Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza” 2022, t. 6, https://doi.org/10.15290/sup.2022.06.05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15290/sup.2022.06.05
Grossman G.M., Shapiro C., Counterfeit-Product Trade, „The American Economic Review” 1988, vol. 78, no. 1.
Grossman G.M., Shapiro C., Foreign Counterfeiting of Status Goods, „Quarterly Journal of Economics” 1988, vol. 103, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882643. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1882643
James M., Lemon F., Counterfeit Goods in the UK. Who Is Buying What and Why?, London 2013.
Mróz B., Gospodarka nieoficjalna w systemie ekonomicznym, Warszawa 2002, Monografie i opracowania SGH, 509.
Nill A., Shultz I., The Scourge of Global Counterfeiting, „Business Horizons” 1996, vol. 39, no. 6, s. 37-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(96)90035-X
OECD/European Union Intellectual Property Office, Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods.Mapping the Economic Impact, Paris 2016, https://doi.org/10.1787/26175835. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/26175835
OECD, The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy, Paris 2008, [online] https://www.oecdilibrary.org/trade/the-economic-impact-of-counterfeiting-and-piracy_9789264045521-en.
Rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 608/2013 z dnia 12 czerwca 2013 r.
w sprawie egzekwowania praw własności intelektualnej przez organy celne oraz uchylające rozporządzenie Rady (E) nr 1383/2003 (Dz.U. L 181 z 29.06.2013).
Sassen S., Deformalizacja w wysoko rozwiniętych gospodarkach rynkowych, [w:] Wokół zagadnień gospodarki nieformalnej, red. A. Karwińska, A. Surdej, Kraków 2004.
Sprawozdanie Komisji dla Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z wdrażania rozporządzenia Rady (UE) nr 608/2013, COM (2017) 233 final.
Taylor Ph., Counterfeit Goods ‘Increasingly Being Made in the EU’, 2022, [online] https://www.securingindustry.com/pharmaceuticals/counterfeit-goods-increasingly-being-made-in-theeu-/s40/a14295/.
WCO, [online] https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/enforcement-and-compliance/resources/publications.aspx.
Widdowson D., The Changing Role of Customs. Evolution or Revolution?, „World Customs Journal” 2007, vol. 1, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55596/001c.90938
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
