The Challenges of Technological Development after 2020 and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy in Bulgaria

Abstract

The article explores the interplay between technological change, rise of populism, post-democracy, and the challenges faced by the liberal state. It argues that while meritocracy might offer equality of opportunity, it often exacerbates social inequalities because it legitimates elitism and empowers oligarchs. The crisis of liberal democracy comes from the erosion of trust in institutions and the concentration of enormous power among elites. Post-democracy, characterized by technocratic governance and reduced public engagement, undermines democratic ideals. This crisis in Bulgaria heightens the country’s vulnerability to corruption, Russian hybrid influence, and geopolitical risks at the EU’s external border. These developments are particularly problematic as Bulgaria has recently joined the Schengen area, creating an awkward situation for both the EU and the country itself. The text advocates to preserve democratic values by reviving the social commitment and ensuring a balance between economic growth and public interest. Authors like Zygmunt Bauman and Yuval Noah Harari call for rethinking democratic practices to protect human agency, address inequality and ensure broader societal participation.