The Game of Ukraine: Conflict in Donbass as an Outcome of the Multilayered Rivalry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.45.13Keywords:
war in Ukraine, Euromaidan, Donbass, CrimeaAbstract
This paper analyzes the war in Ukraine as an outcome of multilayered rivalry combined with unintentional mistakes committed by all possible sides. The first layer of competition concerns domestic differences visible between the Western and Eastern part of Ukraine. The second layer covers the regional rivalry between Poland and Russia, which has significantly contributed to the instability of Eastern Europe for several centuries. Finally, the third layer concerns the geopolitical game for influence between the West, led by the United States, and Russia along with several satellite states. Ukraine proved to be just another object of this competition, composed of such events as the Kosovo intervention, the Orange Revolution, the Caucasus war in 2008 and the Syrian chemical crisis.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
‘2 Gromy znaleziono w Czeczenii’, Altair Agencja Lotnicza, 22 October 2008, at <http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=1860>.
Google Scholar
Aeschylus, The Quotation Page, at <http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/28750.html>.
Google Scholar
‘Agreement on the Settlement of Crisis in Ukraine’, at <http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/671350/publicationFile/190027/140221-UKR_Erklaerung.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Archick K., U.S.-EU Cooperation Against Terrorism, Washington 2014 (CRS Report, RS22030).
Google Scholar
Babich D., ‘Ukraine Crisis: Who Fired the Shots that Shook the Maidan?’, The Telegraph, 28 May 2014, at <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/rbth/politics/10857920/ukraine-murder-maidan.html>.
Google Scholar
Baker P., ‘Putin Moves to Centralize Authority’, The Washington Post, 14 September 2004, at <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17838-2004Sep13.html>.
Google Scholar
Bar Sh., ‘The Syrian Crisis: In the Wake of Ghouta’, Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 3 (2013), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2013.11446562>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2013.11446562
Google Scholar
Barrabi T., ‘Ukraine Conflict Death Toll Surpasses 6,400 Amid New Evidence of Russian Military Involvement’, International Business Times, 1 June 2015, at <http://www.ibtimes.com/ukraine-conflict-death-toll-surpasses-6400-amid-new-evidence-russian-military-1946761>.
Google Scholar
Bebler A., ‘Freezing a Conflict: The Russian-Ukrainian Struggle over Crimea’, Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2014), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2014.11446603>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2014.11446603
Google Scholar
Belkin P., Mix D.E., Woehrel S., NATO: Response to the Crisis in Ukraine and Security Concerns in Central and Eastern Europe, Washington 2014 (CRS Report, R43478).
Google Scholar
Bērziņš J., ‘Russia’s New Generation Warfare in Ukraine: Implications for Latvian Defense Policy’, Center for Security and Strategic Research Policy Papers, No. 2 (April 2014).
Google Scholar
Bieleń S., Tożsamość międzynarodowa Federacji Rosyjskiej, Warszawa 2006.
Google Scholar
Bieleń S., ‘Trudności w normalizacji stosunków polsko-rosyjskich’ in K. Czornik, M. Lakomy, M. Stolarczyk (eds.), Dylematy polityki zagranicznej Polski na początku XXI wieku, Katowice 2014 (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, 3227).
Google Scholar
Blockmans S., ‘How Should the EU Respond to Russia’s War in Ukraine?’, CEPS Commentary, 3 September 2014.
Google Scholar
Borghard E.D., Arms and Influence in Syria. The Pitfalls of Greater U.S. Involvement, Washington 2013 (CATO Institute Policy Analysis, No. 734).
Google Scholar
Bryc A., Rosja w XXI wieku. Gracz światowy czy koniec gry?, Warszawa 2009 (Stosunki Międzynarodowe).
Google Scholar
Brzezinski Z., The Grand Chessboard. American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, New York 1997.
Google Scholar
Charillon F. (ed.), ‘La crise ukrainienne vue par les chercheurs’, Note de recherche stratégique, No. 6 (2014).
Google Scholar
Clement H., ‘Economic Aspects of Ukrainian-Russian Relations’ in K.R. Spillman, A. Wenger, D. Muller (eds.), Between Russia and the West. Foreign and Security Policy of Independent Ukraine, Bern 1999 (Studien zu Zeitgeschichte und Sicherheitspolitik, 2).
Google Scholar
Colard D., ‘L’axe Paris-Berlin-Moscou. Le “camp de refus” dans la crise iraquienne (2002-2003)’ in S. Sur (ed.), Annuaire Francais de Relations Internationales. 05, 2004, Bruxelles 2004.
Google Scholar
Cooley A., Dubovyk V., ‘Will Sevastopol Survive? The Triangular Politics of Russia’s Naval Base in Crimea’, PONARS Euroasia Policy Memo, No. 47 (December 2008).
Google Scholar
‘Crimea, Sevastopol Officially Join Russia as Putin Signs Final Decree’, RT.com, 21 March 2014, at <http://rt.com/news/russia-parliament-crimea-ratification-293/>.
Google Scholar
‘Czech and Slovak Views on Ukraine: More Timid than the Poles’, The Economist, 6 March 2014, at <http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2014/03/czech-and-slovak-views-ukraine>.
Google Scholar
Czornik K., ‘Miejsce Ukrainy w polskiej polityce zagranicznej po “pomarańczowej rewolucji”. Próba bilansu’ in M. Stolarczyk (ed.), Stosunki Polski z sąsiadami w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku, Katowice 2011 (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, 2848).
Google Scholar
Davies N., God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795, Oxford 2005.
Google Scholar
Davies N., Vanished Kingdoms. The History of Half-Forgotten Europe, London 2011.
Google Scholar
Declour L., ‘France-Russie: la réinvention d’une relation spécifique’, DGAP Analyse, No. 6 (2010).
Google Scholar
Delanoë I., ‘Sébastopol: de la l’URSS á l’Ukraine, les enjeux du changement de souveraineté de 1991’, Cahiers de la Méditeranée, Vol. 86 (2013).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/cdlm.6860
Google Scholar
Dougherty J., ‘Everyone Lies: The Ukraine Conflict and Russia’s Media Transformation’, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy Discussion Paper Series ( July 2014).
Google Scholar
Eger Ch., ‘What the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution Can Tell Us about Gun Control’, Firearms Talk, 23 February 2014, at <http://www.firearmstalk.com/What-the-2014-Ukrainian-Revolution-can-tell-us-about-gun-control.html>.
Google Scholar
Eilstrup-Sangiovanni M., Verdier D., ‘European Integration as a Solution to War’, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2005), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066105050138>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066105050138
Google Scholar
Facon I., ‘La politique européenne de la Russie: ambitions anciennes, nouveaux enjeux’, Questions européennes, No. 15 (2005).
Google Scholar
Fischer S., ‘La stratégie russe dans l’espace post-soviétique: entre soft et hard power. Le cas de l’Ukraine’, Commission Justice et Paix Analyses (2012).
Google Scholar
Fisher M., ‘This One Map Helps Explain Ukraine’s Protests’, The Washington Post, 9 December 2013, at <http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/12/09/this-onemap-helps-explain-ukraines-protests/>.
Google Scholar
Frear Th., Kulesa Ł., Kearns I., ‘Dangerous Brinkmanship: Close Military Encounters Between Russia and the West in 2014’, European Leadership Network Policy Brief (November 2014).
Google Scholar
‘Gen. Koziej: Rosja nie jest wrogiem, ale ogromnym wyzwaniem stwarzającym ryzyko zagrożeń’, TVP.info, 5 November 2014, at <http://www.tvp.info/17535331/gen-koziej-rosja-niejest-wrogiem-ale-ogromnym-wyzwaniem-stwarzajacym-ryzyko-zagrozen>.
Google Scholar
Hafkin G., ‘The Russo-Georgian War of 2008: Developing the Law of Unauthorized Humanitarian Intervention after Kosovo’, Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hall A., ‘Germany’s Military Too Weak to Fight’, The Times, 8 October 2014, at <http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4229877.ece>.
Google Scholar
Haran O., ‘Don’t Believe the Russian Propaganda about Ukraine’s “Fascist” Protesters’, The Guardian, 13 March 2014, at <http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/13/russian-propaganda-ukraine-fascist-protesters-euromaidan>.
Google Scholar
Hébert J.-P., Ousman A., ‘La déchirure transatlantique: Le Moyen-Orient, Pomme de discorde’ in J. Tercinet (ed.), Les relations transatlantiques et l’environnement international, Bruxelles 2005 (Études Stratégiques Internationales, 3).
Google Scholar
Hensel P.R., ‘An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Interstate Rivalry’, Conflict Management and Peace Science, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1999).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/073889429901700203
Google Scholar
Herzog S., ‘Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses’, Journal of Strategic Security, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2011), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.2.3>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.2.3
Google Scholar
Johnson K., ‘Hungary Is Helping Putin Keep His Chokehold on Europe’s Energy’, Foreign Policy, 6 November 2014, at <http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/11/06/hungary_is_helping_putin_keep_his_chokehold_on_europes_energy_south_stream_orban>.
Google Scholar
Kiwerska J., ‘Obama’s Failure in the Middle East’, Bulletin of the Institute of Western Affairs, No. 167 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kozłowski A., ‘Geopolityczne podłoże granicy pokoju ryskiego (marzec 1921)’, Studia Europejskie, No. 4 (1999).
Google Scholar
Kramer M., ‘NATO, the Baltic States and Russia: A Framework for Sustainable Enlargement’, International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 4 (2002), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00277>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00277
Google Scholar
Kuzio T., ‘From Kuchma to Yushchenko. Ukraine’s 2004 Presidential Elections and the Orange Revolution’, Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 52, No. 2 (2005).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2005.11052197
Google Scholar
Kuzio T., ‘National Identity and History Writing in Ukraine’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 34, No. 4 (2006), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990600842080>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00905990600842080
Google Scholar
Kuzio T., ‘Political Culture and Democracy. Ukraine as an Immobile State’, East European Politics & Societies, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2011), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325410388410>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325410388410
Google Scholar
Kuzio T., ‘Yushchenko versus Tymoshenko: Why Ukraine’s National Democrats Are Divided’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 21, No. 2 (2013).
Google Scholar
Kuzio T., Moroney J.D., ‘Ukraine and the West: Moving from Stability to Strategic Engagement’, European Security, Vol. 10, No. 2 (2001), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09662830108407496>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09662830108407496
Google Scholar
‘The Language Question, the Results of Recent Research in 2012’, Соціологічна група РЕЙТИНГ, 25 May 2012, at <http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/14004/>.
Google Scholar
Larrinaga N. de, ‘Polish Grom MANPADS Appear in East Ukraine Conflict’, IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, 20 May 2014, at <http://www.janes.com/article/38053/polish-grom-manpads-appear-in-east-ukraine-conflict>.
Google Scholar
Laruelle M., ‘La question des Russes du proche-étranger en Russie (1991-2006)’, Les Études du CERI, No. 126 (2006).
Google Scholar
Laruelle M., ‘Russia’s Strategies in Afghanistan and their Consequences for NATO’, NATO Research Paper, No. 69 (November 2011).
Google Scholar
‘Lavrov Makes Emotional Plea for Sanity over Kosovo Independence’, Sputnik International, 12 February 2008, at <http://sputniknews.com/russia/20080212/99034248.html>.
Google Scholar
Leshchenko S., ‘Ukraine’s Oligarchs Are Still Calling the Shots’, Foreign Policy, 14 August 2014, at <http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/08/14/ukraines_oligarchs_are_still_calling_the_shots_0>.
Google Scholar
Levy C.J., ‘“Hero of Ukraine” Prize to Wartime Partisan Is Revoked’, The New York Times, 12 January 2011, at <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/world/europe/13ukraine.html>.
Google Scholar
Lukyanov F., ‘Russia’s Asymmetrical Response: Global Aikido’ in P.J. Saunders (ed.), Costs of a New Cold War. The U.S.-Russia Confrontation over Ukraine, Washington 2014 (Center for the National Interest Report).
Google Scholar
Magocsi P.R., A History of Ukraine. The Land and Its Peoples, Toronto 2010.
Google Scholar
Malishevsky N., ‘Polish Mercenaries and Army Flood into Ukraine as Media Looks the Other Way’, Russia Insider, 29 October 2014, at <http://russia-insider.com/en/politics_ukraine/2014/11/07/01-04-44pm/polish_mercenaries_and_arms_flood_ukraine_media_looks_other>.
Google Scholar
McLees A., Rumer E., ‘Saving Ukraine’s Defense Industry’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 30 July 2014, at <http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/07/30/saving-ukraine-s-defense-industry>.
Google Scholar
McMahon R. (ed.), Ukraine in Crisis, Council on Foreign Relations, 18 March 2014.
Google Scholar
Mearsheimer J.J., ‘Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault. The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin’, Foreign Affairs (September/October 2014).
Google Scholar
Menkiszak M., ‘The Russian-Ukrainian War and European Security’, Nordika Programme Note, No. 19 (2014).
Google Scholar
Mittelstaedt J. von, Follath E., ‘Do We Achieve War Order Through Chaos or Insight?’ Interview with H. Kissinger, Spiegel Online, 13 November 2014, at <http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-henry-kissinger-on-state-of-global-politicsa-1002073.html>.
Google Scholar
Moldovan I., ‘Ukraine: World’s Unseen Refugee Crisis’, Al Jazeera, 24 July 2015, at <http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/07/ukraine-worlds-unseen-refugee-crisis-150720082647225.html>.
Google Scholar
‘MON wspiera ukraińskich żołnierzy’, Newsweek.pl, 27 August 2014, at <http://polska.newsweek.pl/pomoc-humanitarna-dla-ukrainy-mon-newsweek-pl,artykuly,346508,1.html>.
Google Scholar
‘More Casualties Amid Fears of an Escalation in Eastern Ukraine Conflict’, Deutsche Welle, 13 November 2014, at <http://www.dw.de/more-casualties-amid-fears-of-an-escalationin-eastern-ukraine-conflict/a-18060409>.
Google Scholar
Nation R.C., Russia, the United States, and the Caucasus, Carlisle 2007 (US and Russia: Regional Security Issues and Interests).
Google Scholar
Nevers R. de, ‘NATO’s International Security Role in the Terrorist Era’, International Security, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.31.4.34>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.31.4.34
Google Scholar
Nygren B., The Rebuilding of Greater Russia. Putin’s Foreign Policy towards the CIS Countries, New York 2008 (Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series).
Google Scholar
O’Hanlon M., ‘Obama’s Weak and Failing States Agenda’, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4 (2012), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2012.725023>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2012.725023
Google Scholar
Obama B., ‘Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa’, The White House, 19 May 2011, at <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa>.
Google Scholar
OEC, ‘Ukraine’, at <http://atlas.media.mit.edu/profile/country/ukr/>.
Google Scholar
Oldberg I., ‘Russia’s Great Power Strategy under Putin and Medvedev’, UI Occasional Papers, No. 1 (2010).
Google Scholar
Paolantoni J., ‘Russian History: From the Early East Slavs to the Grand Duchy of Moscow’, Global Research, 26 September 2012, at <http://www.globalresearch.ca/russian-historyfrom-the-early-east-slavs-to-the-grand-duchy-of-moscow/5306142>.
Google Scholar
Pavliuk O., ‘The Ukrainian-Polish Strategic Partnership and Central European Geopolitics’ in K.R. Spillman, A. Wenger, D. Muller (eds.), Between Russia and the West. Foreign and Security Policy of Independent Ukraine, Bern 1999 (Studien zu Zeitgeschichte und Sicherheitspolitik, 2).
Google Scholar
Perlo-Freeman S. et al., ‘Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2012’, SIPRI Fact Sheet (April 2013).
Google Scholar
Pishchikova K., Gryzko O., ‘Civic Awakening: The Impact of Euromaidan on Ukraine’s Politics and Society’, FRIDE Working Paper, No. 124 ( July 2014).
Google Scholar
Plokhy S., The Origins of the Slavic Nations. Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, Cambridge 2006.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496837
Google Scholar
‘Polski konwój z pomocą dotarł do stolicy Ukrainy’, Dziennik.pl, 13 September 2014, at <http://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/swiat/artykuly/469591,polski-konwoj-z-pomoca-juz-wkijowie.html>.
Google Scholar
Prokopenko V., ‘Russian Federation: Financial System Stability Assessment’, IMF Country Report, No. 11/291 (September 2011).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781463904203.002
Google Scholar
‘Putin: Kosovo Case Terrible Precedent’, Press TV, 22 February 2008, at <http://edition.presstv.ir/detail/44275.html>.
Google Scholar
‘Putin – what Was Wrong with Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact?’, Radio Poland, 7 November 2014, at <http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/186605,Putin-%E2%80%93-what-was-wrongwith-MolotovRibbentrop-act>.
Google Scholar
Radziwiłł A., Roszkowski W., Historia 1871-1939, Warszawa 2001.
Google Scholar
‘Religions in Ukraine’, RISU – Religious Information Service of Ukraine, at <http://risu.org.ua/en/index/reference>.
Google Scholar
Renard Th., ‘The Rise of Cyber-Diplomacy: The EU, its Strategic Partners and Cyber-Security’, ESPO Working Paper, No. 7 ( June 2014).
Google Scholar
Richardot Ph., Les États-Unis: Hyperpuissance militaire à l’aube du XXIe siècle, Paris 2002.
Google Scholar
Romer J.-Ch., ‘La politique étrangère russe sous Boris Eltsine’ in S. Sur (ed.), Annuaire Français de Relations Internationales, Vol. 2, Bruylant 2001.
Google Scholar
‘Rosja nakłada embargo na polskie warzywa i owoce’, RMF24, 30 July 2014, at <http://www.rmf24.pl/raport-ukraina/fakty/news-rosja-naklada-embargo-na-polskie-warzywa-iowoce,nId,1477035>.
Google Scholar
‘Rosja wydaliła kilku polskich dyplomatów’, Polska Agencja Prasowa, 17 November 2014, at <http://www.pap.pl/palio/html.run?_Instance=cms_www.pap.pl&_PageID=1&s=infopakiet&dz=swiat&idNewsComp=&filename=&idnews=188305&data=&status=biezace&_CheckSum=1411095893>.
Google Scholar
Rudling P.A., ‘“They Defended Ukraine”: The 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr. 1) Revisited’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 25, No. 3 (2012), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2012.705633>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2012.705633
Google Scholar
Rudnitsky J., Meyer H., ‘Russia Boosts Mediterranean Force as U.S. Mulls Syria Strike’, Bloomberg, 4 September 2013, at <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-04/russiaboosts-mediterranean-flotilla-as-u-s-weighs-syria-strike.html>.
Google Scholar
Rudnitsky S., The Ukraine and the Ukrainians, Jersey City, N.J. 1915.
Google Scholar
‘Russia Accuses NATO of Going beyond UN Resolution on Libya’, RT.com, 17 April 2011, at <http://rt.com/news/russia-nato-un-resolution-libya/>.
Google Scholar
‘Russia’s Military Modernisation: Putin’s New Model Army’, The Economist, 22 May 2014, at <http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21602743-money-and-reform-have-givenrussia-armed-forces-it-can-use-putins-new-model-army>.
Google Scholar
‘Russian Threatens Ukraine Trade War over EU Deal’, New Europe, 19 August 2013, at <http://www.neurope.eu/article/russian-threatens-ukraine-trade-war-over-eu-deal>.
Google Scholar
Sabak J., ‘Litwa zbroi się w Polsce. Wilno kupuje Gromy’, Defence24, 26 May 2014, at <http://www.defence24.pl/news_litwa-zbroi-sie-w-polsce-wilno-kupuje-gromy>.
Google Scholar
Sadecki A., ‘Hungary’s Stance on the Ukrainian-Russian Conflict’, OSW, 21 May 2014, at <http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2014-05-21/hungarys-stance-ukrainian-russian-conflict>.
Google Scholar
Saunders P.J. (ed.), Costs of A New Cold War. The U.S.-Russia Confrontation over Ukraine, Washington D.C. 2014 (Center for the National Interest Report).
Google Scholar
Schreier F., ‘On Cyberwarfare’, DCAF Horizon 2015 Working Paper, No. 7.
Google Scholar
Shleifer A., Treisman D., ‘A Normal Country: Russia after Communism’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 1 (2005), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147949>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147949
Google Scholar
Soltanifar M., ‘US-Russian Rivalry in the Caucasus. Towards a New Cold War?’, Global Dialogue, Vol. 7, No. 3/4 (2005).
Google Scholar
Spagnol G., ‘The Ukrainian Crisis: Prodrome to the Third World War?’, IERI Working Paper, No. 15 (2014).
Google Scholar
Spillman K.R., Wenger A., Muller D. (eds.), Between Russia and the West. Foreign and Security Policy of Independent Ukraine, Bern 1999 (Studien zu Zeitgeschichte und Sicherheitspolitik, 2).
Google Scholar
Stolarczyk M., ‘Dylematy bezpieczeństwa Polski w kontekście kryzysu i konfliktu ukraińskiego w latach 2013-2014’ in K. Czornik, M. Lakomy (eds.), Dylematy polityki bezpieczeństwa Polski na początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku, Katowice 2014.
Google Scholar
Strategia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego RP, Warszawa 2014.
Google Scholar
Sun Tzu, The Art of War, transl. by L. Giles, Leicester 2000.
Google Scholar
Szporluk R., Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union, Stanford 2000.
Google Scholar
Tindall S., ‘The New Cold War: Are We Going Back to the Bad Old Days?’, The Guardian, 19 November 2014, at <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/19/new-coldwar-back-to-bad-old-days-russia-west-putin-ukraine>.
Google Scholar
To Strengthen Regional Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Initiative of Ukraine, Embassy of Ukraine, Warsaw, Press Release, No. 3 (April 1999).
Google Scholar
Toal G., ‘Russia’s Kosovo: A Critical Geopolitics of the August War over South Ossetia’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 50, No. 1 (2009).
Google Scholar
Topolski I., Polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec państw Europy Wschodniej, Lublin 2013.
Google Scholar
Trenin D., The Ukraine Crisis and the Resumption of Great-Power Rivalry, Washington 2014 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Working Paper).
Google Scholar
‘Tusk: kwestia Krymu i integralności Ukrainy staje się paląca’, TVN24, 27 February 2014, at <http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-ze-swiata,2/tusk-kwestia-krymu-i-integralnosci-ukrainystaje-sie-palaca,402683.html>.
Google Scholar
‘Ukraine’s Sharp Divisions’, BBC News, 23 April 2014, at <http://www.bbc.com/news/worldeurope-26387353>.
Google Scholar
‘Ukraińskie oddziały dostały polskie kamizelki kuloodporne i hełmy’, TVN24, 5 July 2014, at <http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-ze-swiata,2/ukrainskie-oddzialy-dostaly-polskie-kamizelki-kuloodporne-i-helmy,446643.html>.
Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, ‘Ukraine 2012 International Religious Freedom Report’ in International Religious Freedom Report for 2012.
Google Scholar
‘US Says More than 1 Million Ukrainian Refugees Fleeing Conflict Zones’, The Moscow Times, 2 September 2014, at <http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/un-says-morethan-1-million-ukrainian-refugees-fleeing-conflict-zones/506311.html>.
Google Scholar
Wajszczuk K., ‘Zhirinovsky “Warns” Poland and Baltic States’, Warsaw Business Journal, 12 August 2014, at <http://wbj.pl/zhirinovsky-warns-poland-and-baltic-states/>.
Google Scholar
Woehrel S., Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, Washington 2014 (CRS Report, RL33460).
Google Scholar
Wolczuk K., ‘Ukraine after the Orange Revolution’, Centre for European Reform Policy Brief (2005).
Google Scholar
Yurgens I., ‘Targeted Sanctions With an Unclear Target’ in P.J. Saunders (ed.), Costs of a New Cold War. The U.S.-Russia Confrontation over Ukraine, Washington 2014 (Center for the National Interest Report).
Google Scholar
Zięba R., Główne kierunki polityki zagranicznej Polski po zimnej wojnie, Warszawa 2010 (Stosunki Międzynarodowe).
Google Scholar
Zięba R., ‘Międzynarodowe implikacje kryzysu ukraińskiego’, Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations, Vol. 50, No. 2 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ziółkowski M., Projekt Ukraina, Wrocław 2009 (Biblioteka Nowej Europy Wschodniej).
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
