International Military and Police Missions to the Republic of Macedonia and Their Role in Stabilizing Macedonian‑Albanian Relations

Authors

  • Mirella Korzeniewska-Wiszniewska Jagiellonian University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.30.24

Keywords:

Macedonia, national minorities in Macedonia, military operations, international police operations, the Ohrid agreement, Macedonian‑Albanian conflict

Abstract

After the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the outbreak of conflicts related to that process the international diplomacy decided to introduce military missions, of various nature, in Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina, that is former Yugoslavian republics, where a war was waged in the first half of the 1990s. The Republic of Macedonia declared independence already in 1991, but it became independent peacefully; it did not mean, however, that the country was free from internal problems, for instance of ethnic nature, which escalated before the end of the twentieth century putting the Macedonian state on the brink of civil war on the eve of the new century. The escalation necessitated the invitation by the state authorities of international military missions to assist in stabilising the country’s internal situation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Mirella Korzeniewska-Wiszniewska, Jagiellonian University

    Is a graduate of the Institute of Political Science and International Relations at the Jagiellonian University, the direction of political science and an employee of the Institute of Political Science and International Relations at the Jagiellonian University. Doctorate: Serbian National Idea in the Internal Politics of Yugoslavia in 1991-2000 defended in 2006, is a member of the Commission of Balkan Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, The Polish Commission of Balkan Culture and History affiliated by the Associacion Internationale d’Études du Sud-Est Européen. She’s also secretary of the Commission of Central Europe of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Area of scientific interests of Mirella Korzeniewski-Wiszniewska includes Central Europe, Eastern and South – especially the Balkan Penninsula and related processes transformed the political, ethnic problems and issues of regional security.

References

Annan K.A., Prevention of Armed Conflict. Report of the Secretary‑General, New York 2002.

Bilski R., Łuny nad Tetovem. Macedonia i jej sąsiedzi. Zbiór reportaży 2001–2002, Warszawa 2002.

Carp M., ‘Zażegnany dramat’, Przegląd NATO, Winter 2002, at <http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2002/issue4/polish/art2.html>.

Chajęcka P., ‘Macedonia: Stopa bezrobocia spadła do 30,6%’, Balkanistyka.org, 18 December 2012, at <http://balkanistyka.org/macedonia‑stopa‑bezrobocia‑spadla‑do‑306/>.

‘Council Joint Action 2004/789/CFSP of 22 November 2004 on the extension of the European Union Police Mission in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (EUPOL PROXIMA)’, Official Journal of the European Union, L 348/40 (2004), at <http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2004/l_348/l_34820041124en00400044.pdf>.

‘Council Joint Action 2005/826/CFSP of 24 November 2005 on the establishment of an EU Police Advisory Team (EUPAT) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)’, Official Journal of the European Union, L 307/61 (2005), at <http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_307/l_30720051125en00610064.pdf>.

Čepreґanov T., ‘Patot do nezavisnosta’ in I. Stawowy‑Kawka (ed.), Miejsce Macedonii na Bałkanach. Historia, polityka, kultura, nauka, Kraków 2005.

Donevska M., ‘Approaches to Social Problem Solving in the Republic of Macedonia during the Period of System Transformation’ in M. Niezgoda (ed.), The Consequences of Great Transformation: Polish and Macedonian Experiences. Transactions of VII Cracow‑Skopje Sociological Seminar, Cracow, 18–20 September 2002, Kraków 2004.

Dymarski M., ‘Macedonia a narodowe aspiracje Albańczyków w XX wieku’ in I. Stawowy‑Kawka, M. Kawka (eds.), Macedoński dyskurs niepodległościowy. Historia, kultura, literatura, język, media, Kraków 2011.

Emerson M., Gross E. (eds.), Evaluating the EU’s Crisis Missions in the Balkans, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels 2007, at <http://www.ceps.eu/files/book/1538.pdf>.

European Commission, ‘The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’, European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, at <http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/countries/detailed‑country‑information/former‑yugoslav‑republic‑of‑macedonia/index_en.htm>.

European Commission, ‘Twinning’, European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, at <http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/tenders/twinning/>.

Holbrooke R., To End a War, New York 1998.

Kawka M., Stawowy‑Kawka I. (eds.), Tożsamość narodowa w społeczeństwie multietnicznym Macedonii. Historia, kultura, literatura, język, media, Kraków 2008.

Kulesa Ł., ‘Operacje Unii Europejskiej w ramach europejskiej polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony’, Biuletyn PISM, No. 42 (2004), at <http://www.pism.pl/index/?id=1aa48fc4880bb0c9b8a3bf979d3b917e>.

‘Makedonska kriza: Ni rat, ni mir’, Vreme, 2 August 2001, at <http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=293671>.

Marušić S.J., ‘Macedonian Police Law Creating “Police State”, Watchdog Says’, Balkan Insight, 16 November 2012, at <http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/watchdog‑shuns‑new‑macedonian‑police‑law>.

Mirčeski C., Almanah na Republika Makedoniǰa. Hronologiǰa 1998‑2001 godina, Bitola 2006.

‘Misje pokojowe ONZ’, UNIC Warsaw. Ośrodek informacji ONZ w Warszawie, December 2012, at <http://www.unic.un.org.pl/misje_pokojowe/globalne_bezpieczenstwo.php>.

‘Nastavljene provokacije’, Blic, 15 August 2001, at <http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/hronika/7279/Nastavljene‑provokacije>.

‘Nastradao od kamena’, Blic, 28 August 2001, at <http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/hronika/7807/Nastradao‑od‑kamena>.

‘NATO dobio stare puške i municiju’, Blic, 29 August 2001, at <http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/hronika/7875/NATO‑dobio‑stare‑puske‑i‑municiju>.

‘NATO stiže u Makedoniju’, Blic, 23 August 2001, at <http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/hronika/7551/NATO‑stize‑u‑Makedoniju>.

‘NATO to Continue Supporting the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’, NATO Press Release (2002)131, 29 November 2002, at <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2002/p02–131e.htm>.

Olszewski P., Stosunki Macedonii z Unią Europejską. Starania o członkostwo, Lublin 2009 (Prace Instytutu Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej, 8).

‘Operation Amber Fox’, NATO’s Role in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 12 February 2003, at <http://www.nato.int/fyrom/tff/home.htm>.

Przybylska‑Maszner, ‘EUPAT – policyjny zespół doradczy w Byłej Jugosłowiańskiej Republice Macedonii’, at <https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/jspui/bitstream/10593/3344/1/241‑258.pdf>.

Ruzin N., ‘Czekając na bałkańskiego Big MAC‑a’, Przegląd NATO. Dodatek specjalny, Summer 2003, at <http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2003/issue2/polish/special.html>.

Stawowy‑Kawka I., Historia Macedonii, Wrocław 2000.

Stawowy‑Kawka I., ‘Mniejszości narodowe w Republice Macedonii‑współczesne problemy’ in eadem (ed.), Miejsce Macedonii na Bałkanach. Historia, polityka, kultura, nauka, Kraków 2005.

Stawowy‑Kawka I., ‘Porozumienie ochrydzkie z 13 sierpnia 2001 roku’, Prace Komisji Środkowoeuropejskiej PAU, Vol. 11 (2003).

Stawowy‑Kawka I., ‘Problem albański w Republice Macedonii’, Prace Komisji Środkowoeuropejskiej, Vol. 4 (1996).

Stoilovski D., La République de Macédoine dans le relations internationales, 1991–1998, Štip 1999.

‘United Nations Preventive Deployment Force. Current Peacekeeping Operations: Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’, United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, at <http://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unpred_p.htm>.

Woźnica R., ‘Rola Unii Europejskiej w realizacji postanowień porozumienia ochrydzkiego dotyczącego policji’ in M. Kawka, I. Stawowy‑Kawka (eds.), Tożsamość narodowa w społeczeństwie multietnicznym Macedonii. Historia, kultura, literatura, język, media, Kraków 2008.

Downloads

Published

26-07-2014

How to Cite

“International Military and Police Missions to the Republic of Macedonia and Their Role in Stabilizing Macedonian‑Albanian Relations”. 2014. Politeja 11 (4 (30): 317-31. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.30.24.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 685

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.