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Abstrakt

NOTIONS OF FREEDOM: A FEW APPROACHES THAT INTEREST A RESEARCHER OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

The historian of political thought is particularly interested in several ways of understanding freedom, both of the individual (the human person) and of the human community (such as the nation or the state). He analyzes both the old approaches (especially the republican ones) and the liberal and Christian, or rather Catholic, approaches that have remained in tension, especially in the last two centuries, using both the Old Testament approach (the freedom of the subject conditioned by the fulfilment of the law or the Law revealed by God) and the Greek one (freedom realized within the framework of the state community or through the fulfilment of the natural inclinations of all people). The author juxtaposes the most important approaches, showing the tensions between the way of understanding freedom, especially by the popes at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, and the former liberals, who set the trails that are still taken up today, including the proper approach called postmodernism.