Much More Than an Image

Living in a Competitive Clutter of the Branding World: Examples of Mexico’s and Peru’s Nation Brand

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/AdAmericam.25.2024.25.09

Keywords:

nation branding, nation brand, Mexico, Peru, positive image, identity

Abstract

This essay explores the concept of nation branding and its importance in shaping a country’s image and reputation on the global stage. It discusses this concept using the example of two Latin American countries, Peru, and Mexico. As nations increasingly compete on the global arena, branding strategies have become essential for projecting a positive image that attracts investment, tourism, and international recognition. Moreover, nation branding is steadily growing in importance and more and more countries around the world are devoting resources to developing their nation brand. By exploring the cases of Peru and Mexico, this study shows the components of nation branding in practice. In addition, the essay discusses the potential benefits of implementing a nation branding strategy, especially in an increasingly connected and competitive world. This paper aims to shed light on the complexities of nation branding and encourages a critical examination of the strategies used by countries in defining their national identity on the global stage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Żaneta Gdowik, Jagiellonian University, Poland

    Is a Master’s student on American Studies at the Faculty of International and Political Studies of the Jagiellonian University and a graduate of Latin American Studies at the Jagiellonian University. In 2023, a coordinator of mini grant project sponsored by ID.UJ. In 2022, she won a price for bachelor diploma thesis: Socialism of the 21st Century and its Impact on Women’s Lives in the Contemporary Venezuela. Analysis of the Social Aspect in the Economic and Political Context. In 2021, she gave two speeches at the Festival of Asian culture considering South Korean music market and beauty standards. Research interest: Venezuela, populism, inequalities, image, food heritage.

  • Karolina Plewa, Jagiellonian University, Poland

    Is a Master’s student of American Studies at the Faculty of International and Political Studies of the Jagiellonian University and a graduate of Latin American Studies at the Jagiellonian University. Co-organizer of the Latin American Culture Day as part of ID.UJ. Research interests: immigration, Mexico in the 19th century, culture of Italy.

References

“177 Pueblos Mágicos.” Pueblos Mágicos | Guía Oficial, pueblosmagicos.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/Pueblos (6.05.2023).
Google Scholar

Aaker, David A. Building Strong Brands. [Hamilton, N.Z.]: Pocketbooks, 2010.
Google Scholar

Aguirre, Raúl Matta. “Cocinando una Nación de Consumidores: El Perú como marca global.” CONSENSUS, vol. 17, no. 1, January 2012, pp. 49–60.
Google Scholar

Anholt, Simon. “Why Nation Branding Does Not Exist.” Europaregina, europaregina.eu/downloads/orangecontest/SimonAnholtNationBranding.pdf (10.03.2024). Basurto‑Cedeño, Estefania M., and Leydy Cevallos. “Pueblos Mágicos: Plan de Desarrollo Turístico de Pile Con Un Enfoque de Rescate Cultural.” TURYDES: Revista Sobre Turismo Y Desarrollo Local Sostenible, vol. 11, no. 25, January 2018, pp. 1–13.
Google Scholar

Blake, Suzanne. “Peru. an Emblem of Ambition.” FutureBrand, 26 June 2019, www.futurebrand.com.cn/news/2019/peru‑an‑emblem‑of‑ambition‑1 (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Boullosa, Daniela. “The Harmful Effects of Stereotyping: The Mexican Stereotype.” GVI, 23 February 2022, www.gviusa.com/blog/the‑harmful‑effects‑of‑stereotyping‑the‑mex ican‑stereotype/(10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Castañeda, Louis M. Spectacular Mexico: Design, Propaganda, and the 1968 Olympics. Minneapolis, University Of Minnesota Press, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816690763.001.0001
Google Scholar

Collyns, Dan. “Lima’s Central Restaurant Named World’s Best in Boost for Peruvian Cuisine.” The Guardian, 23 June 2023.
Google Scholar

Cuevas Elder. “Marca Perú: ¿una nación en construcción?” Contratexto, vol., no. 25, 2016, pp. 95‑120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2016.n025.653
Google Scholar

Redalyc, https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=570667368010 (23.09.2024).
Google Scholar

De San Eugenio Vela, Jordi. “Del Estado‑Nación Al Estado‑Marca. El Rol de la Diplomacia
Google Scholar

Pública y la marca de país en el nuevo escenario de las relaciones internacionales.” Revista de Estudios Sociales, no. 46, May 2013, pp. 145–157, https://doi.org/10.7440/res46. 2013.14.
Google Scholar

De la Mora, Fernando. “Keeping the Mexican Moment Alive: A Case for Public Diplomacy,” Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Article 4, 2014, pp. 30‑55.
Google Scholar

Dinnie, Keith. Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. London: Routledge, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773612
Google Scholar

Durand Carrión, Julio Baltazar, et al. “Marca Perú: Un Signo Que Distingue.” Universidad de San Martín de Porres, 2014.
Google Scholar

Enríquez Acosta, Jesús Ángel, and Rosa Yecenia Vargas Ochoa. “El Estudio de los Pueblos Mágicos. Una revisión a casi 20 años de la implementación del programa.” Dimensiones Turísticas, vol. 5, no. 8, 7 April 2021, pp. 9–38, https://doi.org/10.47557/sywy9441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47557/SYWY9441
Google Scholar

Fan, Ying. “Branding the nation: Towards a better understanding.” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, vol. 6, no. 2, May 2010, pp. 97–103, https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2010.16
Google Scholar

Fan, Ying. “Branding the nation: What is being branded?” Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 12, no. 1, January 2006, pp. 5–14, https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706056633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706056633
Google Scholar

FutureBrand, 2019, FutureBrand Country Index 2019. http://www.futurebrand.com.cn/futurebrand‑country‑index (29.06.2023).
Google Scholar

Gudjonsson, Hlynur. “Nation branding.” Place Branding, vol. 1, no. 3, 1 July 2005, pp. 283–298, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990029
Google Scholar

Herrera Lasso, Carlos Quintero, and Dante, Pérez Esquivel. The Mexican Reputation: A Strategy to Improve the Stereotype Mexico Shares With Its U.S. Diaspora, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 2014.
Google Scholar

Hirsch, Eric. “Hidden treasures: Marca Perú (perutm) and the recoding of neoliberal indigeneity in the Andes.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, vol. 15, no. 3, 2 July 2020, pp. 245–269, https://doi.org/10.1080/17442222.2020.1798077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17442222.2020.1798077
Google Scholar

“Historical Origins of Nation Branding.” Nation Branding in Modern History, edited by Carolin Viktorin et al., 1st ed., vol. 9, Berghahn Books, 2018, pp. 1–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04dpw.5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04dpw.5
Google Scholar

Hudson Teslik, Lee. “Nation Branding Explained.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 9 November 2009, www.cfr.org/backgrounder/nation‑branding‑explained#chapter‑title‑0‑7 (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Ipsos, 2022, The Anholt‑Ipsos Nation Brands Index.
Google Scholar

Karlsson, Ingmar. “What Is a Nation?” Global Political Trends Centre, 2009, pp. 1–13.
Google Scholar

Kärreman, Dan, and Sanne Frandsen. “Identity, image, and Brand.” The Oxford Handbook of Identities in Organizations, 16 January 2020, pp. 407–423, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827115.013.33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827115.013.33
Google Scholar

“La Marca Perú Fue Distinguida Como ‘Marca de Confianza Del Año.’” Plataforma Del Estado Peruano, 29 October 2022, www.gob.pe/institucion/promperu/noticias/665824‑la‑marca‑peru‑fue‑distinguida‑como‑marca‑de‑confianza‑del‑ano (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“Marca Perú.” Perú Info, peru.info/es‑pe/marca‑peru (12.02.2023).
Google Scholar

“Mexico ‑ Automotive Industry.” International Trade Administration | Trade.Gov, 2022, www.trade.gov/country‑commercial‑guides/mexico‑automotive‑industry (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“Mexico Electronics Manufacturing Industry.” IVEMSA, 15 March 2023, www.ivemsa.com/industries/electronics‑manufacturing‑in‑mexico/(10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“Mexico Tourism Board Breaks New Campaign.” Adnews, 11 August 2010, www.adnews.com/27664 (13.03.2023).
Google Scholar

“Mexico Tourism Board Launches Advertising Campaign in North America.” Ad Tech Daily, 16 April 2015, www.adoperationsonline.com/2010/08/18/mexico‑tourism‑board‑launches‑advertising‑campaign‑in‑north‑america/(10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo ‑ Mincetur.” MINCETUR ‑ Plataforma Del Estado Peruano, www.gob.pe/mincetur (30.05.2023).
Google Scholar

Mino Navarrete, Pablo. “Nation Branding In Latin America: Global, Regional, and Local Representations Intertwined.” 2022. https://doi.org/10.17615/bach‑5a84.
Google Scholar

“Nation Brands Index 2022: Germany Finishes First Again with Japan and Canada Rounding out the Top Three Nations.” Ipsos, Anholt‑Ipsos, 2 November 2022, www.ipsos.com/en/nation‑brands‑index‑2022 (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“¡Orgullo Nacional! Estas Cinco Localidades Peruanas Fueron Reconocidas Como ‘Mejores Pueblos Turísticos Del Mundo.’” Forbes Perú, 20 October 2023, forbes.pe/forbes‑life/2023‑10‑19/orgullo‑nacional‑estos‑cinco‑pueblos‑peruanos‑son‑reconocidos‑como‑mejores‑pueblos‑turisticos‑del‑mundo (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Passey, Brian. “What’s the Deal with Uncle Sam?” The Spectrum, 3 July 2015, eu.thespectrum.com/story/life/2015/07/03/what‑the‑deal‑with‑uncle‑sam/29669929/ (10.09.2023).
Google Scholar

Peru.info. “Marca Perú: Marca País.” Perú Info, peru.info/es‑pe/marca‑peru (17.06.2023).
Google Scholar

Peru.Travel, PromPerú, www.peru.travel/en (12.07.2024).
Google Scholar

“Peru.” BIOFIN, UNDP, www.biofin.org/peru (20.03.2023).
Google Scholar

“Peru.” FutureBrand, www.futurebrand.com/our‑work/peru (10.05.2023).
Google Scholar

Praise, Billy. “Why Mexicans Do Not Joke with Their Sombrero Hats.” The Guardian, 20 January 2018, https://guardian.ng/life/why‑mexicans‑do‑not‑joke‑with‑their‑sombrero‑hats/ (1.01.2023).
Google Scholar

Silverman, Helaine. “Branding Peru: Cultural Heritage and Popular Culture in the Marketing Strategy of PromPerú.” Encounters with Popular Past, Cham: Springer, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13183-2_8
Google Scholar

Soni, Parul. “Nation Branding: How to Build an Effective Location Brand Identity.” Brand Finance, 21 October 2019, brandfinance.com/insights/nation‑branding (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

“Start Your Adventure in Peru.” YouTube, PromPerú, 18 October 2022, www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1bbWBms8L4 (26.04.2023).
Google Scholar

TPBO. “Measuring Digital Country Brand Success for Isabella Falco’s Work.” TPBO, 5 December 2023, placebrandobserver.com/interview‑isabella‑falco/(10.09.2023).
Google Scholar

TPBO. “Mexico Country Performance, Brand Strength and Reputation.” TPBO, 9 August 2023, placebrandobserver.com/mexico‑country‑performance‑brand‑strength‑reputation/(10.09.2023).
Google Scholar

Viktorin, Carolin, et al. “Introduction: Beyond Marketing and Diplomacy: Exploring the Historical Origins of Nation Branding.” Nation Branding in Modern History, edited by Carolin Viktorin et al., 1st ed., vol. 9, Berghahn Books, 2018, pp. 1–26. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04dpw.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04dpw.5
Google Scholar

The World Bank. “GDP for Peru in US$ for 2022, Gini coefficient for 2019,” https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=PE, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE (11.05.2023).
Google Scholar

“World Travel Tech Awards Latin America’s Best Tourism Authority Website 2023.” World
Google Scholar

Travel Tech Awards, worldtraveltechawards.com/award/latin‑america‑best‑tourism‑authority‑website/2023 (25.05.2023).
Google Scholar

Wood, Robert. “Sport in Mexico.” Topendsports.com, 2014, www.topendsports.com/world/countries/mexico.htm (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Wooldrage, Chloe. “Mexico Olympics 1968.” Medium, FGD1 The Archive, 10 November 2017, medium.com/fgd1‑the‑archive/mexico‑olympics‑1968‑32fc8d7e0e45 (10.09.2024).
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

30-12-2024

How to Cite

Gdowik, Żaneta, and Karolina Plewa. “Much More Than an Image: Living in a Competitive Clutter of the Branding World: Examples of Mexico’s and Peru’s Nation Brand”. Ad Americam, vol. 25, Dec. 2024, pp. 154-68, https://doi.org/10.12797/AdAmericam.25.2024.25.09.