From North American Free Trade Agreement to United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
US–Mexico Economic Relations in the Context of US National Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.18.2021.74.18Keywords:
United States, Mexico, NAFTA, economyAbstract
The article deals with the relationship between the United States and Mexico from the perspective of the US national security. The key areas of strategic interest in Mexico on the part of the United States include: limiting illegal immigration, fighting drug-related crime, economic cooperation, both bilateral and in the wider international dimension, for example the North American Free Trade Agreement. According to the United States, all three factors and their successful implementation are necessary and constituent elements of the national interest of the United States in its most important scope, that is, in increasing the security of the state. The analysis focuses on the U.S. economic relations with Mexico at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The basis of economic relations between these countries is the North American Free Trade Agreement. The genesis of the NAFTA agreement and its effects on mutual relations in the context of the U.S. national interest and security was presented. Additionally, the reasons for President Donald Trump’s change from NAFTA to USMCA are described, from the perspective of U.S. strategic interests.
Downloads
References
“1 January to 30 June 1990”, part 1, in Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, Washington 1992.
“1 August 1992 to 20 January 1993”, part 2, in Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, Washington 1993.
“2019 Investment Climate Statements: Mexico”, United States Department of State, at http://www.state.gov/reports/2019-investment-climate-statement-mexico.
Abbott F., “NAFTA and Legalization of World Politics: A Case Study”, International Organization, vol. 54, no. 3 (2000), https://doi.org/10.1162/002081800551316.
Border Environment Cooperation Commission, 2015, at http://www.becc.org/uploads/files/oct_2015_renewable_energy_rev_eng.pdf.
Cloud D.S., “Will NAFTA Prove a Policy Prophecy?”, Congressional Quarterly, 26 September 1992.
Dobrzycki W., “Polityka zagraniczna Meksyku – tradycja i współczesność”, in M.F. Gawrycki (ed.), Polityka zagraniczna państw Ameryki Łacińskiej, Warszawa 2006.
Domínguez J.I., Fernández de Castro R., “U.S.-Mexican Relations in the Twenty-First Century”, in J.I. Domínguez, R. Fernández de Castro (eds.), Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations: Cooperation and Conflict in the 21st Century, New York 2010, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203850473.
Esquivel G., Rodrigez-Lopez J.A., “Technology, Trade, and Wage Inequality in Mexico before and after NAFTA”, Journal of Development, vol. 72 (2003), pp. 543-566, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00119-6.
Faux J., Salas C., Scott R., “Revisiting NAFTA: Still Not Working for North America’s Workers”, Economic Policy Institute, no. 173 (28 September 2006), at http://www.epi.org/publications/entry/bp173.
Ferguson I.F., Villarreal M.A., “The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)”, US Congressional Research Service, 24 May 2017.
“Foreign Trade – Trade in Goods with Mexico”, U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics, 2010, at https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c2010.html.
Fuchs L.H., “U.S. Immigration Policy and the National Interest”, In Defence of the Alien, vol. 4 (1981).
Grabendorff W., La seguridad regional en las Americas, Bogota 2003.
Greenspan A., Era zawirowań. Krok w nowy wiek, transl. A. Krajewski et al., Warszawa 2008.
Hufbauer G.C., Schott J.J., NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges, Washington 2005.
“International Trade, Countries with Treaties and Agreements Signed with Mexico”, Mexican Government’s Ministry of Economy, 10 May 2015, at http://www.gob.mx/se/acciones-yprogramas/comercio-exterior-paises-con-tratados-y-acuerdos-firmados-con-mexico.
“Issues and the 2016 Campaign”, Pew Research Center, 18 August 2016, at http://www.pewhispanic.org/politics/2016/08/18/5-issues-and-the-2016-campaign/.
Jackson J.K., “U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners”, US Congressional Research Service, 9 November 2016, Washington 2017.
Jentleson B.W., American Foreign Policy: The Dynamics of Choice in the 21st Century, New York–London 2014.
Kissinger H., Dyplomacja, transl. S. Głąbiński et al., Warszawa 2003.
Latoszek E., “Północnoamerykańska Strefa Wolnego Handlu w procesie integracji gospodarczej na kontynencie amerykańskim”, in E. Latoszek, M. Proczek (eds.), Organizacje międzynarodowe we współczesnym świecie, Warszawa 2001.
Liberska B., Nowe wyzwania integracyjne NAFTA i inne regionalne inicjatywy na kontynencie amerykańskim, Warszawa 1995.
McBride J., Chatztyi A., Siripuraru A., “What’s Next for Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)?”, in Council on Foreign Relations, at https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp.
“Mexico”, Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), 2015, at http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/americas/mexico.
“Mexico”, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), 2017, at http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/americas/mexico.
Meyerson C.C., “Domestic Politics and International Relations in Trade Policymaking: The United States and Japan and the GATT Uruguay Round Agriculture Negotiations”, Columbia International Affairs Online, 1999, at http://www.ciaonet.org.
Nakonieczna J., “Północnoamerykańskie Porozumienie o Wolnym Handlu”, in M.F. Gawrycki (ed.), Procesy integracyjne w Ameryce Łacińskiej, Warszawa 2007.
Neuchterlein D.E., America Recommitted: United States National Interests in a Restructured World, Lexington 1991.
Obama B., “A New Partnership for the Americas”, Casede, 2008, at http://obama.3cdn.net/ef480f743f9286aea9_k0tmvyt7h.pdf.
“Office of Trade and Industry: Information”, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2008, at http://tse.export.gov.
O’Neil S.K. (prepared statement by), “Opportunities for U.S. Engagement in Latin America” (before Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 114th Congress, 2nd Session), Council on Foreign Relations, 21 January 2016, Washington 2016.
Ribando S.C., “Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations”, US Congressional Research Service, 30 March 2016, Washington 2016.
“The State of American Public Opinion on Immigration in Spring 2006: A Review of Major Surveys”, Pew Research Center, 17 May 2006, at http://www.pewhispanic.org/2006/05/17/the-state-of-american-public-opinion-on-immigration-in-spring-2006-a-review-of-majorsurveys/0.
“The Trans Pacific Partnership”, The White House President Barack Obama, at https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/economy/trade.
“The Trans Pacific Partnership: Upgrading the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)”, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), at https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/TPP-Upgrading-the-North-American-Free-Trade-Agreement-NAFTA-Fact-Sheet.pdf.
Trump D., National Security Strategy of the United States of America, Washington 2017.
“United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement”, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), at https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement.
U.S. International Trade Commission’s Interactive Tariff and Trade Data Web, 2016, at http://dataweb.usitc.gov.
Villarreal A.M., “Mexico’s Free Trade Agreements”, US Congressional Research Service, 25 April 2017.
Villarreal A.M., Ferguson I.F., “U.S–Mexico–Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement”, US Congressional Research Service, 14 January 2021.
Wąsiński M., “USMCA – mniej wolnego handlu, więcej regulacji”, Biuletyn PISM, no. 164 (2096), 6 August 2020, at https://www.pism.pl/file/1d1e21a9-75df-4fd4-8f2a-3d3da694cce7.
Weintraub S., “The New Economic Initiative toward Latin America”, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, vol. 33, no. 1 (1991), https://doi.org/10.2307/166040.
Wiarda H.J., American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s: Issues and Controversies from Reagan to Bush, New York–London 1992.
Wordliczek R., Krzywicka K., Regionalny wymiar interesu narodowego Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Studium polityki zagranicznej USA wobec wybranych państw Ameryki Łacińskiej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, Kraków 2019.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 25-02-2022 (2)
- 15-12-2021 (1)
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
