Armed Conflicts in Fragile States and their Influence on Illegal Migrations and Refugees in the European Union in the 21st Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.15.2018.56.12Keywords:
armed conflicts, fragile states, migration, refugees, EU missions and operationsAbstract
The changes in the 21st century have brought new threats and problems for the international community. The European Union, as one of the most important actors in the world, was forced to change its approach to a new situation, which is characterized by the presence of threats such as illegal migration, huge refugee influx and the existence of fragile states in its neighborhood. The main objective of this paper is to present the EU’s engagement in stabilization of fragile states through civilian and military missions and operations to hold illegal migration. It answers the question whether the actions undertaken by the EU are powerful. The analysis of the operations and missions in chosen states (Somalia, Libya) shown that although the influx of migrants and refugees is lower, the changes and the influence of actions helping them to become stronger and more secure states are rather minor The conclusions comprise several thoughts which should be taken under consideration by the EU in the future in order to support European security and wealth.
Downloads
References
“Brussels should establish European Defence Union by 2015 – Juncker”, Sputnik News, 13 September 2017, at <https://sputniknews.com/military/201709131057353053-european-defense-union/>, 21 August 2018.
Connor P., Krogstad J.M., “5 facts about the global Somali Diaspora”, Factank. News in the numbers,
June 2016, at <http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/01/5-facts-aboutthe-global-somali-diaspora/>, 11 August 2018.
EUBAM Libya, at <https://eeas.europa.eu/csdp-missions-operations/eubam-libya/3859/about-eu-border-assistance-mission-libya-eubam_en>, 19 August 2018.
EUCAP Somalia, at <https://www.eucap-som.eu/about-us/>, 11 August 2018.
EUNAVFOR Atalanta, at <http://eunavfor.eu/mission/>, 10 August 2018.
EUNAVFOR Med Sophia: mandat przedłużony do 31 grudnia 2018 r., UE 2017, at , 3 September 2017.
EUNAVFOR Sophia, at <https://www.operationsophia.eu/about-us/>, 18 August 2018.
“European Security Strategy – A secure Europe in a better world”, Council of the European Union, at <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/30823/qc7809568enc.pdf>, 8 August 2018.
EUTM Somalia, at <https://www.eutm-somalia.eu/>, 10 August 2018.
“Fragile States Index Annual Report 2017”, Fund For Peace, at <http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/2017/05/14/fragile-states-index-2017-annual-report/951171705-fragile-statesindex-annual-report-2017/>, 8 August 2018.
FRONTEX – European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Migratory map, at <https://frontex.europa.eu/along-eu-borders/migratory-map/>, 11 August 2018.
Højstrup Christensen G., “The European Union Border Assistance Mission in Libya – successes, shortcomings and lessons identified”, Copenhagen 2018.
“Human Development Report 1994”, New York 1994, at <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf>, 9 August 2018.
“IOM Counts 3,771 Migrant Fatalities in Mediterranean in 2015”, IOM (2015), <https://www.iom.int>, 20 August 2017.
“Military and civilian missions and operations”, at <https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/430/Military%20and%20civilian%20missions%20and%20operations>, 10 August 2018.
Protocol added to the European Union Treaty and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, at <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12012E%2FPRO%2F22>, 10 August 2018.
Przybylska-Maszner B., “Operacja wojskowa EUFOR Libia”, in B. Przybylska-Maszner (ed.) Operacje wojskowe Unii Europejskiej w Afryce, Poznań 2014.
SIPRI Yearbook 2018 Armament Disarmament and International Security. Summary”, at <https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/yb_18_summary_en_0.pdf>, 9 August 2018.
Somalia Literacy, at <https://www.indexmundi.com/somalia/literacy.html>, 11 August 2018.
UNHCR in Somalia, at <http://www.unhcr.org/somalia.html>, 11 August 2018.
“Uppsala Conflict Data Program”, at <http://www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/15/a_15880-f_UCDP_Battle-deaths_-_definitions__sources__methods.pdf>, 9 August 2018.
Urbanek A. (ed.), Wybrane problemy bezpieczeństwa. Teoria. Strategia. System, Słupsk 2012.
Wardin K., Model reagowania na zagrożenia piractwem morskim, Warszawa 2014.
Wardin K., Współczesne piractwo morskie. Wyzwanie somalijskie oraz odpowiedź społeczności międzynarodowej, Warszawa 2012.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Katarzyna Wardin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
