From Africans in India to African Indians
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.42.12Keywords:
Africans in India, Habshi, SiddiAbstract
The first migrations of people from Africa to the Indian Subcontinent took place about fifty‑sixty thousand years ago. However, most of the Indo‑African population of India came to the Subcontinent in the last five hundred years. They became naturalized to both the Indian culture and the Indian way of life reasonably quickly, they became involved in politics and social disputes, and many of them rose to a high authority in the Indian society. The aim of the article is to show the status development of Africans in India and the change in social attitude towards them, by means of an analysis of examples chosen from the history of African settlement in India.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
Allan J.A., Wolseley Haig T., The Cambridge Shorter History of India, ed. H.H. Dodwell, Vol. 2 (Indian Edition), Cambridge 1935.
Google Scholar
Banaji D.R., Bombay and the Sidis, Bombay 1932.
Google Scholar
Boyce Davies C. (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the African Diaspora. Origins, Experiences, and Culture, Vol. 1: A‑C, Santa Barbara 2008.
Google Scholar
Brijbhushan J., Sultan Raziya, Her Life and Times. A Reappraisal, New Delhi 1990.
Google Scholar
Chatterji S.K., India and Ethiopia from the Seventh Century B.C., Calcutta 1968 (The Asiatic Society Monograph Series, 4).
Google Scholar
Chauhan R.R.S., Africans in India. From Slavery to Royalty, New Delhi 1995.
Google Scholar
Eaton R.M., ‘The Rise and Fall of Military Slavery in the Deccan, 1450‑1650’ in I. Chatterjee, R.M. Eaton (eds.), Slavery and South Asian History, Bloomington 2006.
Google Scholar
cEsāmi, Fotuh al‑Salātin, transl. into English by A.M. Husain, London 1977.
Google Scholar
Guha B.S., Census of India, 1931, Vol. 1: India, P. 3: Ethnographical, A: The Racial Affinities of the Peoples of India, Simla 1935.
Google Scholar
Harris J.E., ‘Malik Ambar: African Regent‑Minister in India’ in: R. Rashidi, I. Van Sertima (eds.), African Presence in Early Asia, New Brunswick–London 2007.
Google Scholar
Ibn Batuta, The Travels, transl. from the abridged Arabic manuscript by the Rev. S. Lee B.D., London 1829.
Google Scholar
Irwin G.W., Africans Abroad. A Documentary History of the Black Diaspora in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean during the Age of Slavery, New York 1977.
Google Scholar
Jackson P., ‘Sulṭān Raḍiyya bint Iltutmish’ in G.R.G. Hambly (ed.), Women in the Medieval Islamic World. Power, Patronage, and Piety, New York 1998 (New Middle Ages, 6).
Google Scholar
Juzjāni Menhāj‑e Serāj, Tabaqāt‑e Nāseri, transl. into English by H.G. Raverty, Calcutta 1995.
Google Scholar
Llewellyn‑Jones R., ‘Africans in the Indian Mutiny’, History Today, Vol. 59, No. 12 (2009), at <http://www.historytoday.com/rosie‑jones/africans‑indian‑mutiny>.
Google Scholar
Llewellyn‑Jones R., The Last King of India. Wajid Ali Shah, 1822‑1887, London 2014.
Google Scholar
Lodhi A.Y., ‘African Settlements in India’, Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1992).
Google Scholar
Mohanty P.K., Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in India, Vol. 2, Delhi 2006.
Google Scholar
Obeng P., ‘Religion and Empire: Belief and Identity among African Indians of Karnataka, South India’ in J.C. Hawley (ed.), India in Africa, Africa in India. Indian Ocean Cosmopolitanisms, Bloomington 2008.
Google Scholar
Obeng P., Shaping Membership, Defining Nation. The Cultural Politics of African Indians in South Asia, Lanham, MD 2007.
Google Scholar
Pankhurst R., ‘The Ethiopian Diaspora to India: The Role of Habshis and Sidis from Medieval Times to the Eighteen Century’ in S. de Silva Jayasuriya, R. Pankhurst (eds.), The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean, Trenton, NJ 2003.
Google Scholar
The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea. Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century, transl. from the Greek and annotated by W. H. Schoff, Bombay 1912, at <https://archive.org/details/periplusoferythr00schouoft>.
Google Scholar
Powell‑Price J.C., A History of India from the Earliest Times to 1939, London 1958.
Google Scholar
Revathi R. et al., ‘Phylogeny and Antiquity of M Macrohaplogroup Inferred from Complete mt DNA Sequence of Indian Specific Lineages’, BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 5, No. 26 (2005), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471‑2148‑5‑26>.
Google Scholar
Sadiq Ali S., The African Dispersal in the Deccan. From Medieval to Modern Times, New Delhi 1996.
Google Scholar
Sahni K., Multi‑stories. Cross‑cultural Encounters, New Delhi 2011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203814086
Google Scholar
Sarkar J., Shivaji and His Times, London 1920.
Google Scholar
Segal R., Islam’s Black Slaves. The Other Black Diaspora, New York 2001.
Google Scholar
Shah A.M. et al., ‘Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture’, American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 89, No. 1 (2011), at <http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030
Google Scholar
Sharma S.K., Sharma U. (eds.), Discovery of North‑East India. Geography, History, Culture, Religion, Politics, Sociology, Science, Education and Economy, Vol. 5: Assam. Economy, Society and Culture, New Delhi 2005.
Google Scholar
Shyam R., Life and Times of Malik Ambar, Delhi 1968.
Google Scholar
Shyam R., The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar, Delhi 1966.
Google Scholar
Silva Jayasurya S. de, ‘Identifying Africans in Asia. What’s in a Name’ in: S. de Silva Jayasurya, J.‑P. Angenot (eds.), Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia, Leiden–Boston 2008.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162914.i-196
Google Scholar
Thomas E., The Chronicles of the Pathán Kings of Delhi, London 1871.
Google Scholar
Wink A., Al‑Hind. The Making of the Indo‑Islamic World, Vol. 3: Indo‑Islamic Society 14th‑15th Centuries, Leiden–Boston 2004.
Google Scholar
Zayed A.H., ‘Egypt Relations with the Rest of Africa’ in G. el Din Mokhtar (ed.), General History of Africa, Vol. 2: Ancient Civilizations of Africa, London–Berkeley 1981.
Google Scholar
Zebrowski M., Deccani Painting, Berkeley 1982.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.