Znaczenie „dyplomacji demokracji” dla współczesnego Tajwanu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.20.2023.85.03Keywords:
“democracy diplomacy”, Taiwan, foreign policyAbstract
THE IMPORTANCE OF “DEMOCRATIC DIPLOMACY” FOR CONTEMPORARY TAIWAN
Contemporary Taiwan is one of the leading democratic countries in Asia. The authorities in Taipei, under the leadership of President Tsai Ing-wen and the ruling Democratic Progressive Party have actively conveyed this message to the international community through their foreign policy since 2016. The objective of this paper is to examine the concept of “democracy diplomacy” in Taiwan, analyzing both scholarly discourse and observing Taiwan’s foreign policy. This strategic approach greatly bolsters Taiwan’s position among other nations that uphold democratic values, especially in the face of rivalries between major powers.
Downloads
References
Anti-Secession Law, Adopted at the Third Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 14, 2005, China’s National Online News Service, [online:] http://www.china.org.cn/english/2005lh/122724.htm.
Austrevicius P. i in., Revisiting Europe’s „One China Policy”, European Parliament, 14 X 2020, [online:] https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/211363/TaiwanOped%20final%20as%20of%2008092020%20docx.pdf.
Beach D., Pedersen R.B., Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines, Ann Arbor 2013, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.2556282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.2556282
Bush R.C., 8 Key Things to Notice from Xi Jinping’s New Year Speech on Taiwan, Brookings – Quality. Independence. Impact, 7 I 2019, [online:] https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/01/07/8-key-things-to-notice-from-xi-jinpings-new-year-speechon-taiwan.
Chang Yu-tzung, Chu Yun-han, Assessing Support for Democracy, [w:] Dynamics of Democracy in Taiwan: The Ma Ying-jeou Years, red. K. Templeman, Chu Yun-han, L. Diamond, London 2020, s. 221-244, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781626379220-012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781626379220-012
Chen Jie, Kabinawa R., How Democracy Boosts Taiwan’s National Security, Taiwan Insight, 14 VII 2022, [online:] https://taiwaninsight.org/2022/07/14/how-democracy-boosts-taiwansnational-security.
Devlin K., Huang Ch., In Taiwan, Views of Mainland China Mostly Negative, Pew Research Center, 12 V 2020, [online:] https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/05/12/in-taiwanviews-of-mainland-china-mostly-negative.
Ferenczy Z.A., City Diplomacy Offers Opportunities, „Taipei Times” 2020, 26 XII, [online:] https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2020/12/26/2003749395.
Foreign Policy Report, 7th Congress of the Legislative Yuan, 7th Session (March 14, 2011), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan), [online:] https://en.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=1303&s=31823.
Gacek Ł., Kwieciński R., Trojnar E., Taiwan under Tsai Ing-wen: Democracy Diplomacy, Berlin 2022, https://doi.org/10.3726/b20491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b20491
Gacek Ł., Trojnar E., Pokojowe negocjacje czy twarda gra? Rozwój stosunków ponad Cieśniną Tajwańską, Kraków 2012, Societas, t. 54.
Herre B., Ortiz-Ospina E., Roser M., Democracy, Our World in Data, [online:] https://ourworldindata.org/democracy.
Highlights of Xi’s Speech at Gathering Marking 40th Anniversary of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, Xinhua, 2 I 2019, [online:] https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/02/c_137715300.htm.
Huntington S.P., Democracy’s Third Wave, „Journal of Democracy” 1991, vol. 2, no. 2, s. 12-34, https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1991.0016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1991.0016
Jaskiernia J., Dyplomacja parlamentarna, Toruń 2022.
Larus E.F., Soft Power versus Hard Cash: Retaining Democratic Allies, [w:] Taiwan and the International Community, red. S. Tsang, Oxford – New York 2008, s. 153-188.
Lisiecka-Żurowska J., Diplomacy and Democracy: Twentieth-Century Lessons for the Future of the Diplomatic Craft, „The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs” 2019, vol. 43, no. 1, s. 29-52, Global Transformations: A Century Since The Great War.
Mattlin M., Politicized Society: The Long Shadow of Taiwan’s One-Party Legacy, Copenhagen 2011.
Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, China’s National Online News Service, 1 I 1979, [online:] http://www.china.org.cn/english/7943.htm.
Middle Power, Encyclopedia Britannica, [online:] https://www.britannica.com/topic/middlepower#ref1231331.
Ociepka B., Nowa dyplomacja publiczna – perspektywa teorii stosunków międzynarodowych i komunikowania politycznego, „Przegląd Strategiczny” 2012, nr 1, s. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2012.1.8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2012.1.8
Rajczyk R., Piechota G., Public Diplomacy as Taiwanese Diplomacy’s Essential Tool, „Athenaeum” 2019, vol. 64, no. 4, s. 232-249, https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2019.64.14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2019.64.14
Rawnsley G.D., Introduction: Taiwan, Public Diplomacy, and the World Health Assembly, „International Journal of Taiwan Studies” 2020, vol. 3, no. 1, s. 5-9, https://doi.org/10.1163/24688800-00301002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/24688800-00301002
Rawnsley G.D., Selling Democracy: Diplomacy, Propaganda and Democratisation in Taiwan, „China Perspectives” 2003, no. 47, s. 58-67, https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.361
Rawnsley G.D., Taiwan’s Soft Power and Public Diplomacy, „Journal of Current Chinese Affairs” 2014, vol. 43, no. 3, s. 161-174, https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261404300307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261404300307
Sharp P., Diplomacy, Diplomatic Studies and the ISA, [w:] The Present and Future of Diplomacy and Diplomatic Studies, red. S. Murray i in., „International Studies Review” 2011, vol. 13, no. 4, s. 711-712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01079.x
Sitara S., Shashank M., Taiwan’s Battle for Diplomatic Space, „ORF Occasional Paper” 2022, no. 367, [online:] https://www.orfonline.org/research/taiwans-battle-for-diplomaticspace/#_edn52.
Small M., Democracy and Diplomacy: The Impact of Domestic Politics on U.S. Foreign Policy, 1789-1994, Baltimore 1996.
Steadfast Diplomacy, Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan), [online:] https://english.president.gov.tw/Issue/147#.
Sułek M., Potęga państw. Modele i zastosowania, Warszawa 2013.
Surmacz B., Ewolucja współczesnej dyplomacji. Aktorzy – struktury – funkcje, Lublin 2015.
Surmacz B., Tendencje ewolucji współczesnej dyplomacji, [w:] Poziomy analizy stosunków międzynarodowych, red. E. Haliżak, M. Pietras, Warszawa 2013, s. 233-253, [online:] https://ptsm.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/publikacje/poziomy-analizy-stosunkow-miedzynarodowych/Surmacz.pdf.
Taipei Establishes Sister City Ties with Prague, Taiwan Today, 14 I 2020, [online:] https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2&post=169456.
Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, [online:] https://www.tfd.org.tw/en/index.
Taiwan, Freedom in the World 2023, Freedom House, [online:] https://freedomhouse.org/country/taiwan/freedom-world/2023.
Taiwan Independence vs. Unification with the Mainland (1994/12~2022/12), Election Study Center of National Chengchi University (NCCU), Taiwan, R.O.C., [online:] https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/upload/44/doc/6963/Tondu202212.jpg.
The Official Position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) on China’s Passing of the Anti-Secession (Anti-Separation) Law, Mainland Affairs Council, 29 III 2005, [online:] http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=68048&ctNode=5910&mp=3&xq_xCat=2005.
Trojnar E., Kultura polityczna Tajwanu, [w:] Teoretyczne i praktyczne problemy kultury politycznej. Studia i szkice, red. M. Banaś, Kraków 2013, s. 205-222, Societas, t. 67.
Trojnar E., Ocena atrybutów potęgi współczesnego Tajwanu, [w:] Studia nad potęgą państw.
Księga dedykowana Profesorowi Mirosławowi Sułkowi, red. D. Popławski, Warszawa 2022, s. 354-363.
Trojnar E., Tajwan. Dylematy rozwoju, Kraków 2012, Societas, t. 80.
Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwan and the Fight for Democracy. A Force for Good in the Changing International Order, „Foreign Affairs” 2021, 5 X, [online:] https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/taiwan/2021-10-05/taiwan-and-fight-democracy.
Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwan’s Self-Made Democracy Still Needs U.S. Partnership, „Foreign Policy” 2019, 9 V, [online:] https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/09/taiwans-self-made-democracy-stillneeds-u-s-partnership. Tsu Chi, [online:] https://www.tzuchi.org.tw/en.
Walt S.M., The Origins of Alliance, Ithaka 1987.
Waltz K.N., Evaluating Theories, „American Political Science Review” 1997, vol. 91, no. 4, s. 913-917, https://doi.org/10.2307/2952173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2952173
Waltz K.N., Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics: The American and British Experience, Boston 1967.
Wang T.Y., Tan A.C., Balancing, Bandwagoning or Hedging: Taiwan’s Strategic Choices in the Era of a Rising China, „Political Science” 2021, vol. 73, no. 1, s. 66-84, https://doi.org/10.1080/00323187.2021.1967765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00323187.2021.1967765
White Paper on Foreign Policy for the 21st Century, Taiwan Documents Project, 28 XI 1999, [online:] http://www.taiwandocuments.org/dpp02.htm.
Yang Jian, The Pacific Islands in China’s Grand Strategy. Small States, Big Games, New York 2011, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230339750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230339750
Ziętek A., Dyplomacja publiczna jako instrument soft power, [w:] Nowe oblicza dyplomacji, red. B. Surmacz, Lublin 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
