The Role of a Donor in an Emerging Power’s Foreign Policy
Brazilian Solidarity Diplomacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/AdAmericam.17.2016.17.10Keywords:
Brazil, donor, development cooperation, roleAbstract
Since 2003, Brazil has been searching for efficient modalities directed at deepening ties with Latin American and African states, such as knowledge sharing and engaging in dialogue on alternative ways of tackling common development challenges. Considered by Brazilian policymakers to be expressions of solidarity diplomacy, these concepts and modalities are part of what has been coined Brazil’s “autonomy through diversification” strategy. Brazilian presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff consecutively pursued geopolitical realignments focused on the creation of a multipolar world order with a strengthened, more visible position for Brazil, an emerging world power. This paper will examine the practical and theoretical implications of Brazil’s reconceptualization of its role as a donor of development aid, as well as donor-recipient relations as expressed in the two presidents’ official speeches, documents of the Brazilian Cooperation Agency, and COBRADI reports Furthermore, it will explore whether Brazil’s declared role as a development partner and its practices in the capacity thereof are consistent with the expectations of other significant development cooperation actors.
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
ABC. Histórico da Cooperação Técnica Brasileira. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://www.abc.gov.br/cooperacaotecnica/historico.
ABC. CGPD – Coordenação Geral de Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento. Web. 29 Nov. 2015, http://www.abc.gov.br/SobreAbc/Direcao/CGPD.
ABC. Agência Brasileira de Cooperação. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://www.abc.gov.br/training/informacoes/ABC.aspx.
ABC. Cooperação Técnica – Conceito. Web. 29.11.2015. http://www.abc.gov.br/CooperacaoTecnica/Conceito.
Abdenur, Adriana. “Organization and politics in South-South Cooperation: Brazil’s technical cooperation in Africa.” Global Society May 2015: 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1033384
Abdenur, Adriana. João M. Rampini. “A Cooperação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento com Angola e Moçambique: Um Visão Comparada”. Política Externa Brasileira, Cooperação Sul-Sul e Negociacões Internacionais. Eds. Haroldo Ramanzini Júnior and Luis Fernando Ayerbe. São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica. 2015: 83-112.
Amorim, Celso. Statement by his Excellency Ambassador Celso Amorim, Minister of External Relations of the Federative Republic of Brazil, At the opening of the general debate of the 65th session of the UN General Assembly. United Nations, New York. 23 Sep. 2010. Speech.
Backman, Carl. “Role Theory and International Relations: A Commentary and Extension”. International Studies Quarterly Sep. 1970: 310-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3013585
Cable no 969 from the Embassy of Brazil in Maputo to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 Sep. 2010. Historic Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brasília.
Cabral, Lídia, Julia Weinstock. Brazilian technical cooperation for development. Drivers, mechanics and future prospects. Overseas Development Institute Report. London 6 Sep. 2010.
Cabral, Lídia, Julia Weinstock. Giuliano Russo, and Julia Weinstock. “Brazil and the shifting consensus on development cooperation: Salutary diversions from the ‘aid-effectiveness’ trail?” Development Policy Review Mar. 2014: 179-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12050
Coser, Rose L. “The complexity of roles as seedbed of individual autonomy”. The idea of social structure: Papers in honor of Robert Merton. Ed. Louis Coser. New York: Brace Jovanovich Inc. 1975: 237-263.
Fues, Thomas, Stephan Klingebiel. Unrequited love: What is the legacy of the first Global Partnership summit? German Development Institute Briefing. Bonn, 17 Apr. 2014.
Goffman, Erving. Spotkania. Dwa studia z socjologii interakcji. Trans. Paweł Tomanek. Kraków: Nomos, 2010.
Gouldner, Alvin. “The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement”. Role Theory: Concepts and Research. Eds. Bruce Biddle, and Edwin Thomas. New York: Wiley, 1966: 136-44.
GRAIN, Open Letter from Mozambican civil society organizations and movements to the presidents of Mozambique and Brazil and the Prime Minister of Japan. Web. 30.11.2015. https://www.grain.org/bulletin_board/entries/4738-open-letter-from-mozambican-civil-societyorganisations-and-movements-to-the-presidents-of-mozambique-and-brazil-and-theprime-minister-of-japan.
Guimarães, Samuel P. de. Quinhentos anos de periferia. Porto Alegre: Editora UFRGS, 1999.
Hattori, Tomohisa. “Reconceptualising Foreign Aid”. Review of International Political Economy. July-Aug. 2001: 633-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290110077610
Holsti, Kalevi. “National Role Conceptions in the Study of Foreign Policy”. International Studies Quarterly. Sep. 1970: 233-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3013584
Inoue, Cristina, Alcides, Vaz. “Brazil as ‘Southern donor’: beyond hierarchy and national interests in development cooperation?” Cambridge Review of International Relations. January 2013: 507-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2012.734779
IPEA, Cooperação brasileira para o desenvolvimento 2010, Brasília 2013.
Leite, Iara et al. Brazil’s engagement in international development cooperation: The state of the debate. Institute for Development Studies Report. Brighton, May 2014.
Linton, Ralph. The Study of Man. New York: Appleton Century Crofts INC., 1936.
Manning, Richard. “Will ‘Emerging Donors’ Change the Face of International Cooperation?” Overseas Development Institute, London. 9 Mar. 2006. Lecture.
Mauss, Marcel. The gift. The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Mawdsley, Emma, Laura Savage, and Sung-Mi Kim. “A ‘post-aid world’? Paradigm shift in foreign aid and development cooperation at the 2011 Busan High Level Forum”. The Geographical Journal Mar. 2014: 27-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00490.x
Mignolo, Walter. “Epistemic disobedience, independent thought and de-colonial freedom.” Theory, Culture and Society Dec. 2009: 1-23.
Ministério de Saúde et al. Antiretorvirals and additional drugs factory plant installation project. International technical cooperation Brazil-Mozambique. Brasília 2014. PDF file.
OECD. Aid effectiveness. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/.
Pinheiro, Letícia. “Traídos pelo desejo: um ensaio sobre a teoria e a prática da política externa brasileira contemporânea”. Contexto Internacional July-Dec. 2000: 305-35.
Pino, Bruno, and Iara Leite. “La cooperación Sur-Sur de Brasil: Instrumento de política exterior y/o manifestación de solidaridad internacional?” Mural Internacional Jan.-June 2010: 20-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2010.5262
Prosavana. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://www.prosavana.gov.mz/index.php?num_lang=2.
Representative of Africa Department at the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Personal interview. 17 June 2015.
Rossi, Amanda. “Depois de 10 anos fábrica de remédios contra Aids começa a produzir na África”. Estadão 2 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,depoisde-10-anos-fabrica-de-remedios-contra-aids-comeca-a-produzir-na-africa,1092215.
Rousseff, Dilma. “Discurso da Presidenta da República, Dilma Rousseff, na cerimônia de abertura da III Cúpula América do Sul-África”. Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. 22 Feb. 2013. Keynote Speech.
Russo, Giuliano et al. “On the margins of aid orthodoxy: the Brazil-Mozambique collaboration to produce essential medicines in Africa”. Global Health Sep. 2014. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/ 10/1/70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-014-0070-z
Sarbin, Theodore, and Vernon Allen. “Role Theory”. Handbook of Social Psychology. Eds. Gardner Lindzey, and Elliot Aronson. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1968: 488-567.
Schlesinger, Sergio. Cooperação e investimentos do Brasil na África. O caso do ProSavana em Moçambique. Fase: Solidariedade e Educação Report. Maputo 2013. PDF file.
Silva, Luiz I. da. “Discurso na visita ao Centro de Estudos Brasileiros (CEB)”. Maputo, Mozambique. 4 Nov. 2003. Speech.
Silva, Luiz I. da. “Discurso na cerimônia da inauguração da Embaixada do Brasil na República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe.” São Tomé, São Tomé e Príncipe. 2 Nov. 2003. Speech.
Silva, Luiz I. da. “Discurso por ocasião do colóquio “Democracia e Desenvolvimento na África”. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 15 Oct. 2007. Speech.
Silva, Tássia. “Lei 10.639/03: Por uma educação antirracismo no Brasil.” Interdisciplinar July-Dec. 2012: 103-16.
Simmel, Georg. On Individuality and Social Forms. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Souza, Amaury de. A Agenda Internacional do Brasil: A política externa brasileira de FHC a Lula, Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2009.
Szczepański, Jan. Elementarne pojęcia socjologii. Warszawa: PWN, 1972.
Tickner, Arlene. “Autonomy and Latin American IR thinking”. Routledge Handbook of Latin America in the world. Eds. Jorge I. Dominguez, and Ana Covarrubias. New York: Routledge, 2015: 74-84.
Vigevani, Tullo, and Gabriel Cepaluni. A política externa brasileira: a busca da autonomia, de Sarney a Lula, São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2011.
Walker, Stephen. “The relevance of role theory to foreign policy analysis”. Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis. Ed. Walker, Stephen. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987.
Yinger, John. Toward Field Theory of Behavior: Personality and Social Structure. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Zając, Justyna. “Efektywność ról międzynarodowych Unii Europejskiej”. Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, no 8 2014: 49-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/rie.2014.8.4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Monika Sawicka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
