Intersectionality and Policy-Making
Structural Barriers to Entrepreneurship for Black African Females in Finland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.16.2019.63.09Keywords:
gender, race, intersectionality, migrant entrepreneurship, structural inequality, policymakingAbstract
The paper summarizes the literature on the role of intersectionality in researchand policy-making. Twisting the categories of race, class, gender and nationality, the current study explores structural obstacles faced by black African businesswomen in Finland. The findings suggest that the Finnish opportunity structureis both legally and socially unprepared for accepting African female entrepreneurs as equal economic actors. Based on the structural barriers identified, the paper presents several policy recommendations including fair involvement of migrants in the process of policymaking, better coordination of policies for newcomers, and creation of migrant entrepreneurship hubs. In addition, the study assumes that intersectional identities can act as both vulnerable and powerful depending on a context of interaction, which may provide grounds for redefining the very focus of intersectionality. Finally, the paper determines prospective research directions.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
Alonso A., “Intersectionality by Other Means? New Equality Policies in Portugal”, Social Politics, vol. 19, no. 4 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxs017.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxs017
Google Scholar
Choo H.Y., Ferree M.M., “Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities”, Sociological Theory, vol. 28, no. 2 (2010), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x
Google Scholar
“Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)”, European Commission, 28 June 2017, at <https://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes_en>.
Google Scholar
Hancock A.-M., “When Multiplication Doesn’t Equal Quick Addition: Examining Intersectionality as a Research Paradigm”, Perspectives on Politics, vol. 5, no. 1 (2007), https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707070065.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707070065
Google Scholar
Hankivsky O., Cormier R., “Intersectionality and Public Policy: Some Lessons from Existing Models”, Political Research Quarterly, vol. 64, no. 1 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910376385.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910376385
Google Scholar
Hankivsky O. et al., “Introduction: Why Intersectionality Matters for Health Equity and Policy Analysis”, in O. Hankivsky (ed.), An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework, Vancouver, BC 2012.
Google Scholar
Hankivsky O. et al., “Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis”, in O. Hankivsky (ed.), An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework, Vancouver, BC 2012.
Google Scholar
Kloosterman R.C., “Matching Opportunities with Resources: A Framework for Analysing (Migrant) Entrepreneurship from a Mixed Embeddedness Perspective”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 22, no. 1 (2010), https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903220488.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903220488
Google Scholar
Lombardo E., Agustin L.R., “Framing Gender Intersectional in the European Union: What Implications for the Quality of Intersectionality in Policies?”, Social Politics, vol. 19, no. 4 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxr001.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxr001
Google Scholar
Lombardo E., Verloo M., “Institutionalizing Intersectionality in the European Union?”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 11, no. 4 (2009), https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740903237442.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740903237442
Google Scholar
Manuel T., “Envisioning the Possibilities for a Good Life: Exploring the Public Policy Implications of Intersectionality Theory”, Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, vol. 28, no. 3-4 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1300/J501v28n03_08.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J501v28n03_08
Google Scholar
McCann Ph., Ortega-Argilés R., “Smart Specialisation, Entrepreneurship and SMEs: Issues and Challenges for a Results-Oriented EU Regional Policy”, Small Business Economics, vol. 46, no. 4 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9707-z.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9707-z
Google Scholar
“Migrant entrepreneurs”, European Commission, 28 June 2017, at <https://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/promoting-entrepreneurship/we-work-for/migrants_en>.
Google Scholar
Valentine G., “Theorizing and Researching Intersectionality: A Challenge for Feminist Geography”, The Professional Geographer, vol. 59, no. 1 (2007), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00587.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00587.x
Google Scholar
Verloo M., “Multiple Inequalities, Intersectionality and the European Union”, European Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 13, no. 3 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506806065753.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506806065753
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.