Nauki polityczne wobec kwestii UFO/UAP i życia pozaziemskiego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.23.2026.101.02Keywords:
political sciences, UAP, UFO, extraterrestrial lifeAbstract
POLITICAL SCIENCES IN APPROACH TO THE ISSUE OF UFOs/UAPs AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
For many years political scientists have had little interest in the issues of UFOs, UAPs, and extraterrestrial life, which have been perceived as something unworthy of scientific status and of scientific research; the need of socio-political studies on these issues has been widely questioned, so the taboo around them has been steadily growing. Today the situation is changing quite dramatically – in favor of active political research on the title issues, creating vast opportunities for new scientific formulas, in which political science, as well as IR and security studies, has a major role to play; ultimately many things here on Earth, if not all of them, connected with the issues of UFOs, UAPs and extraterrestrial life are political, and for science – truly paradigm-breaking. The aim of this paper is threefold: 1) to present the vast scientific, science-related and non-scientific (political, intellectual, social) context of considerations on the title issues; 2) to present the premises political scientists actively taking up any threads resulting from the domain of UFO/UAP and ET-related topics, and 3) to indicate already existing lines of research, as well as possible thematic areas, in which representatives of political sciences could fulfill themselves to great effect.
References
Abulof U., Le Penne Sh., Cosmic Political Theory, „Political Theory” 2023, vol. 51, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1177/00905917221127644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00905917221127644
Appelle S., Ufology and Academia: The UFO Phenomenon as a Scholarly Discipline, [w:] UFOs and Abductions, ed. D.M. Jacobs, Lawrence 2000.
Archeology, Anthropology and Interstellar Communication, ed. D.A. Vakoch, Washington, DC 2014.
Bullard Th.E., The Myth and Mystery of UFOs, Lawrence 2010.
Cirkovic M.M., Kardashev’s Classification at 50+: A Fine Vehicle with Room for Improvement, „Serbian Astronomical Journal” 2015, vol. 191, https://doi.org/10.2298/SAJ1591001C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/SAJ1591001C
Clark J., The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis in the Early UFO Age, [w:] UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge, ed. D.M. Jacobs, Lawrence 2000.
Dick S.J., The Societal Impact of Extraterrestrial Life: The Relevance of History and the Social Sciences, [w:] Astrobiology, History, and Society: Life Beyond Earth and the Impact of Discovery, ed. D.A. Vakoch, Heidelberg 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35983-5_12
Ditfurth H. von, Dzieci wszechświata, przeł. A.D. Tauszyńska, Warszawa 1981.
Ditfurth H. von, Na początku był wodór, przeł. A.D. Tauszyńska, Warszawa 1978.
Dominik M., Zarnecki J.C., The Detection of Extra-Terrestrial Life and the Consequences for Science and Society, „Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society” 2011, no. 369, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0236
Drake F., Sobel D., Is Anyone Out There? The Scientific Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, McHenry 1994.
Eberhart G.M., UFO Literature for the Serious Ufologist, „RQ” 1980, vol. 20 no. 2.
Eghigian G., Making UFOs Make Sense: Ufology, Science, and the History of Their Mutual Mistrust, „Public Understanding of Sciene” 2015, vol. 26, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515617706. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515617706
Henrikson A.K., Space Politics in Historical and Futuristic Perspective, „The Fletcher Forum” 1981, vol. 5, no. 1.
Hynek J.A., The UFO Experience: Evidence Behind Close Encounters, Project Blue Book, and the Search for Answers, Cincinnati 2023.
Hynek J.A., UFO’s Merit Scientific Study, „Science” 1966, vol. 54, no. 3747, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.154.3747.329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.154.3747.329
Jiang J.H., Feng F., Rosen P.E., Fahy K.A., Das P., Obacz P., Zhang A., Zhu Z.H., Avoiding the Great Filter: Predicting the Timeline for Humanity to Reach Kardashev Type I Civilization, „Galaxies” 2022, vol. 10, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030068
Keats J., Language from the Edge of Science and Technology, Oxford 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.003.0019
Kitamura Sh., UFOs: The Political Economy of Unidentified Threats, „OSF Preprints” 2022, https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/tme8f. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/tme8f
Loeb A., Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth, London 2022.
Loeb A., Interstellar: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life and Our Future in the Stars, New York–Boston 2023.
Murphy M.P.A., The “UFO Taboo” is What IR Theorists Make of It: “Sovereignty and the UFO” in Citational Perspective, „Alternatives” 2024, vol. 49, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754231219831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754231219831
Pope N., UFOs: A National Security Issue, [w:] Problemy i wyzwania współczesnego świata. Bezpieczeństwo, ludzkość, stosunki międzynarodowe w perspektywie wielodyscyplinarnej, red. P. Obacz, Kraków 2023.
Quantum International Relations: A Human Science for World Politics, eds J. Der Derian, A. Wendt, Oxford 2022.
Reiss J.E., A Comparative Survey of Security Approaches Toward Unexplained Aerial Phenomena Across the Indo-Pacific, „DKI APCSS Security Nexus Journal” 2023, vol. 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.71236/LDTW8532
Sagan C., Kosmos, wprowadzenie A. Druyan, przekł. M. Duch, B. Rudak, Poznań 2016.
Salisbury F.B., The Scientist and the UFO, „ BioScience” 1967, vol. 17, no. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1293867
Salla M.E., Astropolitics and the “Exopolitics” of Unacknowledged Activities in Outer Space, „Astropolitics. The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy” 2013, vol. 12, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2014.890492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2014.890492
Salla M.E., Exopolitics: Discipline of Choice for Public Policy Issues, „World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues” 2008, vol. 12, no. 2.
Salla M.E., Exopolitics: Political Implications of the Extraterrestrial Presence, Tempe 2004.
Salla M.E., The History of Exopolitics: Evolving Political Approaches to UFOs & the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis, „Exopolitical Journal” 2005, vol. 1, no. 1.
Shuch H.P., Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: SETI Past, Present, and Future, New York 2013.
Soni A., Maji K., Prasad A., Civilizations Through the Eye of Kardashiev: An Extended Scaling, Conference Paper, 73rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Paris, France, 18-22 September 2022, International Astronautical Federation (IAF), https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21197293.
Webre A.L., Directions Towards an Exopolitics Initiative, „World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues” 2005, vol. 9, no. 1.
Webre A.L., Exopolitics: Politics, Government, and Law in the Universe, Vancouver 2005.
Webre A.L., A New Science for a Positive Human Future, „World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues” 2008, vol. 12, no. 2.
Wendt A., Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology, Cambridge 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316005163
Wendt A., Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612183
Wendt A., Duvall R., Sovereignty and the UFO, „Political Theory” 2008, vol. 36, no. 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591708317902
Yingling M.E., Yingling Ch.W., Bell B.A., Faculty Perceptions of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, „Humanities & Social Sciences Communications” 2023, vol. 10, no. 246, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01746-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01746-3
Zhang A., Yang J., Luo Y., Fan S., Forecasting the Progression of Human Civilization on the Kardashev Scale Through 2060 With a Machine Learning Approach, „Scientific Reports” 2023, 13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38351-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38351-y
Clarke J., The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial, Canton 1997.
Clarke M.T., Navigating UFO/UAP: A Comprehensive Guide to the UFO/UAP Subject and Key Information Sources, Vancouver 2023.
Eberhart G., UFOs and the Extraterrestrial Contact Movement: A Bibliography, vol. 1-2, Lanham 1986.
Graff G.M., UFO: The Inside Story of the Us Government’s Search for Alien Life Here – And Out There, New York–London–Toronto–Sydney–New Delhi 2023.
Powell R., UFOs: A Scientist Explains What We Know (And Don’t Know), Lanham 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216427599
All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), [online] https://www.aaro.mil.
Astrobiology at NASA. Life in the Universe, [online] https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/about/.
Catoe L.E., UFOs and Related Subjects: An Annotated Bibliography, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Aerospace Research USAF, Arlington 1969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/AD0688332
Center for UFO Studies, [online] https://cufos.org/#.
Chow D., NASA Panel Studying UFO Sightings Says Stigma and Poor Data Pose Challenges, NBC News, 31 V 2023, [online] https://www.nbcnews.com/science/ufos-and-aerial-phenomena/nasa-ufo-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-panel-hearing-rcna87034.
Condon E.U., Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, raport sporządzony dla US Air Force, Boulder 1969.
David L., Scientists Try to Get Serious about Studying UFOs: Good Luck with That, Scientific American, 6 II 2023, [online] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientiststry-to-get-serious-about-studying-ufos-good-luck-with-that/.
Eghigian G., The Connection Between UFO Sightings and National Security, Time, 27 VIII 2024, [online] https://time.com/6996951/ufo-sighting-history-national-security/.
Eghigian G., UFOs and the Boundaries of Science, Boston Review, 4 VIII 2021, [online] https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/ufos-and-the-boundaries-of-science/.
The Galileo Project, Harvard University, [online] https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/galileo/home.
Han G., „Aliens” and UFOs, [b.m.w.] 2020.
Han G., Aliens and Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, [b.m.w.] 2020.
Harwood A., NASA Group Studying UFOs Stresses Need for Better Data in First Public Meeting, CBS News, 31 V 2023, [online] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-ufo-team-uap-meeting-watch-live-stream-today-2023-05-31/.
Heyward G., NASA Announces the Team Members for Its UFO Study, NPR, 22 X 2022, [online] https://www.npr.org/2022/10/22/1130755578/nasa-ufo-study-team-members.
Jiang J.H., On Extraterrestial Life and Human’s Future in the Universe, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, YouTube, [online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXBVphyvli0.
Loeb A., The New Frontier of Interstellar Objects, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, YouTube, [online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4i23qcvFJE.
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), [online] https://mufon.com.
Perkins S., Scientists Are Getting Serious About UFOs: Here’s Why, ScienceNews, 8 IX 2024, [online] https://www.sciencenews.org/article/scientists-serious-ufo-uap-security.
Pope N., UFOs and Government, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, YouTube, [online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-_xRgUtU3s&list=PL_2UR9FcugLei095cPUSSS7zX2WbabVWe&index=10.
Reich A., UFOs Becoming Increasingly Attractive to US Academics – Study, The Jerusalem Post, 28 V 2023, [online] https://www.jpost.com/science/article-744416.
SETI Institute, [online] https://www.seti.org.
Tracy A., “I Hope the Mindset Has Changed”: John Podesta Is Thrilled That Congress Finally Cares About UFOs, Vanity Fair, 21 VI 2021, [online] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/06/john-podesta-leslie-kean-ufo-report-congress, 1 III 2026.
„UFO” videos captured by US Navy Jets Declassified, LiveScience, YouTube, [online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdJLaqNEFMM.
Wendt A., The Science of UFOs, TEDx Talks (Columbus), 4 II 2020, YouTube, [online] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_RquOChJuE.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Piotr Obacz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
