Specyfika konstytucjonalizmu stanowego w USA

Authors

  • Dariusz Stolicki Uniwersytet Jagielloński

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.48.10

Keywords:

United States, state constitutionalism, constitutional subject matters, constitutional interpretation

Abstract

Peculiarities of American State Constitutionalism

The article summarizes major peculiarities of American state constitutionalism, understood as a set of general principles governing form, legal nature, and content of state constitutions. It focuses primarily on the areas in which state constitutions differ from the federal Constitution. With the large difference in length as its starting point, the article analyzes such features of state constitutions as greater level of detail, broader catalog of constitutional subject matters, frequent incidence of constitutional legislation, plenary as opposed to enumerated character of state governmental powers, and relative ease of constitutional change at state level. It concludes that the foregoing features of state constitutions primarily reflect distrust in state governments (particularly legislatures) and willingness of political actors to treat constitutions as ordinary policy instruments as opposed to fundamental law. The article further examines the influence of those features on state constitutional interpretation, noting that the greater specificity and elasticity of state constitutions on one hand diminishes importance of originalism, but on the other hand – promotes strict textualism and is one of the leading causes of lesser incidence on informal constitutional changes (especially judge‑made) in the states.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

PlumX Metrics of this article

Author Biography

Dariusz Stolicki, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Doktorant w Katedrze Konstytucjonalizmu i Ustrojów Państwowych Instytutu Nauk Politycznych i Stosunków Międzynarodowych UJ, absolwent politologii UJ, autor publikacji poświęconych amerykańskiemu prawu konstytucyjnemu oraz rozwojowi anglosaskiej tradycji prawnej.

References

Abrahamson S.S., Gutmann D.S., The New Federalism: State Constitutions and State Courts, „Judicature” 1991, Vol. 71.
Google Scholar

Adams B. i in., Environmental and Natural Resources Provisions in State Constitutions, „Journal of Land, Resources & Environmental Law” 2002, Vol. 22.
Google Scholar

Adams W.P., The First American Constitutions. Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era, Lanham 2001.
Google Scholar

Alexander K., Alexander M.D.,. American Public School Law, Belmont 2005.
Google Scholar

Allen J.M. III, Hinds J.W., Alabama Constitutional Reform, „Alabama Law Review” 2001, Vol. 53, nr 1.
Google Scholar

Backman J.H., Public Land Law Reform – Reflections from Western Water Law, „Brigham Young University Law Review” 1982, Vol. 1982, nr 1.
Google Scholar

Baude P., Interstate Dialogue in State Constitutional Law, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1997, Vol. 28.
Google Scholar

Biber E., The Price of Admission: Causes, Effects, and Patterns of Conditions Imposed on States Entering the Union, „American Journal of Legal History” 2004, Vol. 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3692440
Google Scholar

Blackstone W., Commentaries on the Laws of England in Four Volumes, red. G. Sharswood, B. Field, Philadelphia 1893.
Google Scholar

Blocher J., Reverse Incorporation of State Constitutional Law, „Southern California Law Review” 2011, Vol. 84, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1653619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1653619
Google Scholar

Blum G. i in., American Jurisprudence, wyd. 2, t. 16A: Constitutional Law, St. Paul 2009.
Google Scholar

The Book of the States, t. 44, red. A.S. Wall, H.M. Perkins, Lexington 2013.
Google Scholar

Braden G.D. i in., The Constitution of the State of Texas. An Annotated and Comparative Analysis, Austin 1977.
Google Scholar

Briffault R., The Disfavored Constitution: State Fiscal Limits and State Constitutional Law, „Rutgers Law Journal” 2003, Vol. 34.
Google Scholar

Briffault R., The Item Veto in State Courts, „Temple Law Review” 1993, Vol. 66.
Google Scholar

Bryce J., The American Commonwealth, Indianapolis 2005.
Google Scholar

Caeser J.W., The Constitution as Political Theory. Between Rationalism and Reverence. 2014 Walter Berns Constitution Day Lecture, Washington 2014, [online] https://www.aei.org/wp‑content/uploads/2014/12/The‑Constitution‑as‑Political‑Theory.pdf.
Google Scholar

Caldeira G.A., The Transmission of Legal Precedent: A Study of State Supreme Courts, „American Political Science Review” 1985, Vol. 79, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1956126
Google Scholar

Chayes A., The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation, „Harvard Law Review” 1976, Vol. 89, nr 7, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1340256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1340256
Google Scholar

Colantuono M.G., The Revision of American State Constitutions: Legislative Power, Popular Sovereignty, and Constitutional Change, „California Law Review” 1987, Vol. 75, nr 4, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3480598
Google Scholar

Collins R.K.L., Galie P.J., Models of Post‑Incorporation Judicial Review: 1985 Survey of State Constitutional Individual Rights Decisions, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1985, Vol. 16, nr 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3330016
Google Scholar

Conley P.T., Flanders R.G., The Rhode Island State Constitution. A Reference Guide, Westport 2007.
Google Scholar

Cooley T.M., A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations which Rest upon the Legislative Power of the States of the American Union, Boston 1883.
Google Scholar

Cornwell E.E., Goodman J.S., Swanson W.R., State Constitutional Conventions. The Politics of the Revision Process in Seven States, New York 1975.
Google Scholar

Crawford E.T., The Construction of Statutes, Holmes Beach 1999.
Google Scholar

Croley S.P., The Majoritarian Difficulty: Elective Judiciaries and the Rule of Law, „University of Chicago Law Review” 1995, Vol. 62, nr 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1600148
Google Scholar

Dealey J.Q., Growth of American State Constitutions from 1776 to the End of the Year 1914, Boston 1915.
Google Scholar

Developments in the Law: The Interpretation of State Constitutional Rights, „Harvard Law Review” 1982, Vol. 95, nr 6, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1340746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1340746
Google Scholar

Dinan J.J., The American State Constitutional Tradition, Lawrence 2006.
Google Scholar

Dinan J.J., The Virginia State Constitution. A Reference Guide, Westport 2006.
Google Scholar

Dodd W.F., The Function of a State Constitution, „Political Science Quarterly” 1915, Vol. 30, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2141919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2141919
Google Scholar

Dodd W.F., Implied Powers and Implied Limitations in Constitutional Law, „Yale Law Journal” 1919, Vol. 29, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/786104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/786104
Google Scholar

Dodd W.F., The Revision and Amendment of State Constitutions, Union, NJ 1999.
Google Scholar

Dorf M.C., The Relevance of Federal Norms for State Separation of Powers, „Roger Williams University Law Review” 1998, Vol. 4, nr 1.
Google Scholar

Dragich M., State Constitutional Restrictions on Legislative Procedure: Rethinking Analysis of Original Purpose, Single Subject, and Clear Title Challenges, „Harvard Journal on Legislation” 2001, Vol. 38.
Google Scholar

Easterbrook F.H., Text, History, and Structure in Statutory Interpretation, „Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy” 1994, Vol. 17.
Google Scholar

Elazar D.J., The Principles and Traditions Underlying American State Constitutions, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1982, Vol. 12, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3329670
Google Scholar

Ely J.H., Democracy and Distrust. A Theory of Judicial Review, Cambridge, Mass. 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv102bj77
Google Scholar

Eskridge W.N., Frickey P.P., Cases and Materials on Legislation. Statutes and the Creation of Public Policy, St. Paul 1995.
Google Scholar

Fallon R.H. i in., Hart and Wechsler’s Federal Courts and the Federal System, New York 2003.
Google Scholar

Fino S.P., Judicial Federalism and Equality Guarantees in State Supreme Courts, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1987, Vol. 17, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3330026
Google Scholar

Fiss O.M., Rendleman D., Injunctions, Mineola 1984.
Google Scholar

Friedelbaum S.H., State Courts and the Separation of Powers: A Venerable Doctrine in Varied Contexts, „Albany Law Review” 1998, Vol. 61, nr 5.
Google Scholar

Friedman D., Applying Federal Constitutional Theory to the Interpretation of State Constitutions: The Ban on Special Laws in Maryland, „Maryland Law Review” 2012, Vol. 71, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Friedman L., The Constitutional Value of Dialogue and the New Judicial Federalism, „Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly” 2000, Vol. 28.
Google Scholar

Fritz Ch.G., The American Constitutional Tradition Revisited: Preliminary Observations on State Constitution‑Making in the Nineteenth‑Century West, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1994, Vol. 25.
Google Scholar

Fritz Ch.G., Book Review: Rethinking the American Constitutional Tradition: National Dimensions in the Formation of State Constitutions, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1995, Vol. 26.
Google Scholar

Gardner J.A., The Failed Discourse of State Constitutionalism, „Michigan Law Review” 1992, Vol. 90, nr 4, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1289401
Google Scholar

Gardner J.A., The Positivist Revolution that Wasn’t: Constitutional Universalism in the States, „Roger Williams University Law Review” 1998, Vol. 4, nr 1.
Google Scholar

Gardner J.A., What Is a State Constitution?, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1993, Vol. 24.
Google Scholar

Gelfand M.D., Mintz J.A., Salsich P.W., State and Local Taxation and Finance in a Nutshell, St. Paul 2000.
Google Scholar

Gettleman M.E., The Dorr Rebellion. A Study in American Radicalism, 1833‑1849, New York 1973.
Google Scholar

Goebel T., A Government by the People. Direct Democracy in America, 1890‑1940, Chapel Hill 2002.
Google Scholar

Grad F.P., The State Constitution: Its Function and Form for Our Time, „Virginia Law Review” 1968, Vol. 54, nr 5, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1071895. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1071895
Google Scholar

Grad F.P., Williams R.F., State Constitutions for the Twenty‑First Century, t. 2: Drafting State Constitutions, Revisions, and Amendments, Albany 2006.
Google Scholar

Griffin S.M., Constitutionalism in the United States: From Theory to Politics, „Oxford Journal of Legal Studies” 1990, Vol. 10, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/10.2.200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/10.2.200
Google Scholar

Grossenbacher K., Implementing Structural Injunctions: Getting a Remedy When Local Officials Resist, „Georgia Law Review” 1992, Vol. 80.
Google Scholar

Hamilton A., The Federalist No. 78, [w:] The Federalist Papers, red. G.W. Carey, J. McClellan, Indianapolis 2001.
Google Scholar

Hammons Ch.W., Was James Madison Wrong? Rethinking the American Preference for Short, Framework‑Oriented Constitutions, „American Political Science Review” 1999, Vol. 93, nr 4, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2586116
Google Scholar

Harrison J., The Constitutional Origins and Implications of Judicial Review, „Virginia Law Review” 1998, Vol. 84, nr 3, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1073667
Google Scholar

Hershkoff H., Positive Rights and State Constitutions: The Limits of Federal Rationality Review, „Harvard Law Review” 1999, Vol. 112, nr 6, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1342383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1342383
Google Scholar

Hershkoff H., State Courts and the „Passive Virtues”: Rethinking the Judicial Function, „Harvard Law Review” 2001, Vol. 114, nr 7, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1342498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1342498
Google Scholar

Hill M.B., The Georgia State Constitution. A Reference Guide, Westport 1994.
Google Scholar

Hoar R.S., Constitutional Conventions. Their Nature, Powers, and Limitations, Boston 1917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1064052
Google Scholar

Holland R.J. i in., State Constitutional Law. The Modern Experience, St. Paul 2010.
Google Scholar

Horwitz M.J., The Transformation of American Law, 1870‑1960.
Google Scholar

The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy, New York 1992.
Google Scholar

Hurst J.W., The Growth of American Law. The Law Makers, Union, NJ 2001.
Google Scholar

Hutchins W.A., Water Rights Laws in the Nineteen Western States, Washington 1972.
Google Scholar

Johansen R.B., The New Federalism: Toward a Principled Interpretation of the State Constitution, „Stanford Law Review” 1977, Vol. 29, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1228242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1228242
Google Scholar

Journals of the Continental Congress, red. W. Ford, Washington 1904‑1937.
Google Scholar

Kahn P.W., Interpretation and Authority in State Constitutionalism, „Harvard Law Review” 1993, Vol. 106, nr 5, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1341687
Google Scholar

Kahn P.W., Legitimacy and History. Self‑Government in American Constitutional Theory, New Haven 1992.
Google Scholar

Kammen M.G., A Machine that Would Go of Itself. The Constitution in American Culture, New Brunswick 2006.
Google Scholar

Keller M., The Politics of State Constitutional Revision, 1820‑1930, [w:] The Constitutional Convention as an Amending Device, red. K.L. Hall, H.M. Hyman, L.V. Sigal, Washington 1981.
Google Scholar

Kennedy R.H., Advisory Opinions: Cautious About Non‑Judicial Undertakings, „University of Richmond Law Review” 1989, Vol. 23, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Kiewiet D.R., Szakaty K., Constitutional Limitations on Borrowing: An Analysis of State Bonded Indebtedness, „Journal of Law, Economics & Organization” 1996, Vol. 12, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023362
Google Scholar

Killian J.H. i in., The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, S. Doc. No. 108‑17, Washington 2004.
Google Scholar

Kramer L., The People Themselves. Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review, New York 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3481314
Google Scholar

Laidler P., Sąd Najwyższy Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Od prawa do polityki, Kraków 2011.
Google Scholar

Langer T., Stany w USA. Instytucje, praktyka, doktryna, Koszalin 1997.
Google Scholar

Leuchtenburg W.E., The Supreme Court Reborn. The Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt, New York 1995.
Google Scholar

Levinson L.H., Interpreting State Constitutions by Resort to the Record, „Florida State University Law Review” 1978, Vol. 6.
Google Scholar

Levinson S., Constitutional Faith, Princeton 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691152400.001.0001
Google Scholar

Libonati M.E., The Legislative Branch, [w:] State Constitutions for the Twenty‑First Century, t. 3: The Agenda of State Constitutional Reform, red. G.A. Tarr, R.F. Williams, Albany 2006.
Google Scholar

Libonati M.E., State Constitutions and Legislative Process: The Road Not Taken, „Boston University Law Review” 2009, Vol. 89, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Linde H.A., Are State Constitutions Common Law?, „Arizona Law Review” 1992, Vol. 34.
Google Scholar

Linde H.A., Due Process of Lawmaking, „Nebraska Law Review” 1976, Vol. 55, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Linde H.A., E Pluribus – Constitutional Theory and State Courts, „Georgia Law Review” 1984, Vol. 18.
Google Scholar

Linde H.A., The State and the Federal Courts in Governance: Vive la Difference!, „William and Mary Law Review” 2005, Vol. 46.
Google Scholar

Lutz D.S., Popular Consent and Popular Control. Whig Political Theory in the Early State Constitutions, Baton Rouge 1980.
Google Scholar

Lutz D.S., The Purposes of American State Constitutions, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1982, Vol. 12, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3329671
Google Scholar

Lutz D.S., Toward a Theory of Constitutional Amendment, „American Political Science Review” 1994, Vol. 88, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2944709
Google Scholar

Madison J., The Federalist No. 48, [w:] The Federalist Papers, red. G.W. Carey, J. McClellan, Indianapolis 2001.
Google Scholar

Madison J., The Federalist No. 49, [w:] The Federalist Papers, red. G.W. Carey, J. McClellan, Indianapolis 2001.
Google Scholar

Maltz E.M., Lockstep Analysis and the Concept of Federalism, „Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1988, Vol. 496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716288496001010
Google Scholar

Małajny I., Reguła „kwestii politycznych” w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego USA, [w:] Konstytucjonalizm a doktryny polityczno‑prawne. Najnowsze kierunki badań, red. R.M. Małajny, Katowice 2008.
Google Scholar

Małajny R.M., Doktryna podziału władzy „Ojców Konstytucji” USA, Katowice 1985.
Google Scholar

Manning J.F., Textualism and the Equity of the Statute, „Columbia Law Review” 2001, Vol. 101, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1123509
Google Scholar

NettikSimmons D., Towards a Theory of State Constitutional Jurisprudence, „Montana Law Review” 2014, Vol. 46, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Permaloff A., Methods of Altering State Constitutions, „Cumberland Law Review” 2003, Vol. 33.
Google Scholar

Persky J.D., „Ghosts That Slay”: A Contemporary Look at State Advisory Opinions, „Connecticut Law Review” 2004, Vol. 37.
Google Scholar

Peters E.A., Getting Away from the Federal Paradigm: Separation of Powers in State Courts, „Minnesota Law Review” 1997, Vol. 81.
Google Scholar

Peters E.A., Review: State Constitutional Law: Federalism in the Common Law Tradition: Developments in State Constitutional Law by Bradley D. McGraw, „Michigan Law Review” 1986, Vol. 84, nr 4/5, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1288831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1288831
Google Scholar

Pope J.G., An Approach to State Constitutional Interpretation, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1993, Vol. 24.
Google Scholar

Pottorff J.F., Political Stew: Item Veto Issues Bubbling to the Top in State Court Jurisdictions, „Emerging Issues in State Constitutional Law” 1988, Vol. 1.
Google Scholar

Prakash S., Yoo J.C., The Origins of Judicial Review, „University of Chicago Law Review” 2003, Vol. 70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1600662
Google Scholar

Reed D.S., Twenty‑Five Years after Rodriguez: School Finance Litigation and the Impact of the New Judicial Federalism, „Law & Society Review” 1998, Vol. 32, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/827752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/827752
Google Scholar

Rendleman D., Complex Litigation. Injunctions, Structural Remedies and Contempt, New York 2010.
Google Scholar

Rosenthal A., The State of State Legislatures: An Overview, „Hofstra Law Review” 1983, Vol. 11.
Google Scholar

Rubin D.F., Constitutional Aid Limitation Provisions and the Public Purpose Doctrine, „Saint Louis University Public Law Review” 1993, Vol. 12.
Google Scholar

Ruud M.H., „No Law Shall Embrace More than One Subject”, „Minnesota Law Review” 1958, Vol. 42.
Google Scholar

Scalia A,, The Doctrine of Standing as an Essential Element of the Separation of Powers, „Suffolk University Law Review” 1983, Vol. 17.
Google Scholar

Schapiro R.A., Contingency and Universalism in State Separation of Powers Discourse, „Roger Williams University Law Review” 1998, Vol. 4, nr 1.
Google Scholar

Schlam L., State Constitutional Amending, Independent Interpretation, and Political Culture: A Case Study in Constitutional Stagnation, „DePaul Law Review” 1994, Vol. 43, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Schuman D., A Failed Critique of State Constitutionalism, „Michigan Law Review” 1992, Vol. 91, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1289687
Google Scholar

Shepsle K.A., Congress Is a „They,” Not an „It”: Legislative Intent as Oxymoron, „International Review of Law and Economics” 1992, Vol. 12, nr 2, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144‑8188(92)90043‑Q. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(92)90043-Q
Google Scholar

Singer N.J., Singer J.D.S., Sutherland Statutes and Statutory Construction, St. Paul 2008.
Google Scholar

Stern N., The Political Question Doctrine in State Courts, „South Carolina Law Review” 1984, Vol. 35.
Google Scholar

Sturm A.L., The Development of American State Constitutions, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1982, Vol. 12, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3329673
Google Scholar

Tarr G.A., State Constitutional Design and State Constitutional Interpretation, „Montana Law Review” 2013, Vol. 72.
Google Scholar

Tarr G.A., Understanding State Constitutions, Princeton 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691188553
Google Scholar

Tarr G.A., Porter M.C., Introduction: State Constitutionalism and State Constitutional Law, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1987, Vol. 17, nr 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3330023
Google Scholar

Tarr G.A., Williams R.F., Foreword: Getting from Here to There: Twenty‑First Century Mechanisms and Opportunities in State Constitutional Reform, „Rutgers Law Journal” 2005, Vol. 36.
Google Scholar

Townsend N.J., Single Subject Restrictions as an Alternative to the Line‑Item Veto, „Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy” 1985, Vol. 1, nr 2.
Google Scholar

Wallis J.J., Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852, „Journal of Economic History” 2005, Vol. 65, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022050705050084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050705050084
Google Scholar

Wieciech T., Anglosaska formuła politycznego konstytucjonalizmu, Kraków 2014.
Google Scholar

Wieciech T., Ustroje federalne Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady i Australii, Kraków 2009.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., Are State Constitutional Conventions Things of the Past? The Increasing Role of the Constitutional Commission in State Constitutional Change, „Hofstra Law & Policy Symposium” 1996, Vol. 1.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., The Brennan Lecture: Interpreting State Constitutions as Unique Legal Documents, „Oklahoma City University Law Review” 2002, Vol. 27.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., Equality Guarantees in State Constitutional Law, „Texas Law Review” 1985, Vol. 63.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., In the Supreme Court’s Shadow: Legitimacy of State Rejection of Supreme Court Reasoning and Result, „South Carolina Law Review” 1984, Vol. 35, nr 3.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., The Law of American State Constitutions, New York 2009.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., On the Importance of a Theory of Legislative Power under State Constitutions, „Quinnipiac Law Review” 1996, Vol. 15.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., State Constitutional Law. Cases and Materials, Newark 2006.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., State Constitutional Law Processes, „William and Mary Law Review” 1983, Vol. 24.
Google Scholar

Williams R.F., State Constitutional Limits on Legislative Procedure: Legislative Compliance and Judicial Enforcement, „Publius. The Journal of Federalism” 1987, Vol. 17, nr 1, [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a037637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3330028
Google Scholar

Willoughby W.W., The Constitutional Law of the United States, New York 1910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1325153
Google Scholar

Wood G.S., The Creation of the American Republic, 1776‑1787, Chapel Hill 1998.
Google Scholar

Wood G.S., Foreword: State Constitution‑Making in the American Revolution, „Rutgers Law Journal” 1993, Vol. 24.
Google Scholar

Wright Ch.A., Miller A.R., Federal Practice and Procedure, St. Paul 1969‑2012.
Google Scholar

Zwierzchowski K., Amerykańskie instytucje demokracji bezpośredniej, Białystok 2005.
Google Scholar

Orzecznictwo
Google Scholar

Alabama State Federation of Labor v. McAdory, 325 U.S. 450, 47 S.Ct. 284, 71 L.Ed. 478 (1945).
Google Scholar

Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176 (1969).
Google Scholar

Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 104 S.Ct. 3315, 82 L.Ed.2d 556 (1984).
Google Scholar

Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 82 S.Ct. 691, 7 L.Ed.2d 663 (1961).
Google Scholar

Bates v. Director of Office of Campaign & Political Fin., 763 N.E.2d 6 (Mass. 2002).
Google Scholar

Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969).
Google Scholar

Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 96 S.Ct. 612, 46 L.Ed.2d 659 (1976).
Google Scholar

Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 60 S.Ct. 900, 84 L.Ed. 1213 (1940).
Google Scholar

Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 118 S.Ct. 2091, 141 L.Ed.2d 393 (1998).
Google Scholar

Commonwealth v. Edmunds, 586 A.2d 887, 526 Pa. 374, 19 A.L.R.5th 979 (1991).
Google Scholar

Coyle v. Smith, 221 U.S. 559, 31 S.Ct. 688, 55 L.Ed. 853 (1911).
Google Scholar

Danielson v. Dennis, 139 P.3d 688 (Colo. 2006).
Google Scholar

Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 88 S.Ct. 1444, 20 L.Ed.2d 491 (1968).
Google Scholar

Eakin v. Raub, 12 Serg. & Rawle 330 (Pa. 1825).
Google Scholar

Edmond v. United States, 520 U.S. 651, 117 S.Ct. 1573, 137 L.Ed.2d 917 (1997).
Google Scholar

Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1, 67 S.Ct. 504, 91 L.Ed. 711 (1947).
Google Scholar

Ex parte Riley, 11 So.3d 801 (Ala. 2008).
Google Scholar

Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 537 F.3d 667 (D.C. Cir. 2008), aff ’d in part, rev’d in part, and remanded, 561 U.S., 130 S.Ct. 3138, 177 L.Ed.2d 706 (2010).
Google Scholar

Gray v. Sanders, 372 U.S. 368, 83 S.Ct. 801, 9 L.Ed.2d 821 (1963).
Google Scholar

Griffin v. County School Bd. of Prince Edward County, 377 U.S. 218, 84 S.Ct. 1226, 12 L.Ed.2d 256 (1964).
Google Scholar

Guinn v. Legislature of Nevada, 71 P.3d 1269 (Nev. 2003).
Google Scholar

Hayburn’s Case, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 409 (1792).
Google Scholar

Heydon’s Case, 3 Co. Rep. 7, 76 Eng. Rep. 637 (Ex. Pasch. 26 Eliz. I).
Google Scholar

House Speaker v. Governor, 506 N.W.2d 190, 443 Mich. 560 (1993).
Google Scholar

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983).
Google Scholar

Jenkins v. Missouri, 672 F.Supp. 400 (W.D. Mo. 1988), aff ’d, 855 F.2d 1295 (8th Cir. 1989), rev’d in part, 495 U.S. 33 (1990).
Google Scholar

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 112 S.Ct. 2130, 119 L.Ed.2d 351 (1992).
Google Scholar

Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 84 S.Ct. 1489, 12 L.Ed.2d 653 (1964).
Google Scholar

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819).
Google Scholar

McDonald v. Chicago, 561 U.S., 130 S.Ct. 3020, 177 L.Ed. 2d 894 (2010).
Google Scholar

Missouri v. Jenkins, 515 U.S. 70, 115 S.Ct. 2038, 132 L.Ed.2d 63 (1995).
Google Scholar

Muskrat v. United States, 219 U.S. 346, 31 S.Ct. 250, 55 L.Ed. 246 (1911).
Google Scholar

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937).
Google Scholar

New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 52 S.Ct. 371, 76 L.Ed. 747 (1932).
Google Scholar

Opinion of the Justices, 264 A.2d 342 (Del. 1970).
Google Scholar

Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997).
Google Scholar

Republican Party of Texas v. Dietz, 940 S.W.2d 86, 40 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 384 (1997).
Google Scholar

Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 84 S.Ct. 1362, 12 L.Ed.2d 506 (1964).
Google Scholar

Romer v. Colorado General Assembly, 810 P.2d 215 (Colo. 1991).
Google Scholar

Silver v. Pataki, 755 N.E.2d 842, 96 N.Y.2d 532 (2001).
Google Scholar

Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment, 523 U.S. 83, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998).
Google Scholar

Steward Machine Co. v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548, 57 S.Ct. 883, 81 L.Ed. 1279, 109 A.L.R. 1293, 19 A.F.T.R. 510 (1937).
Google Scholar

Tilton v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 672, 91 S.Ct. 2091, 29 L.Ed.2d 790 (1971).
Google Scholar

Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc., 454 U.S. 464, 102 S.Ct. 752, 70 L.Ed.2d 700 (1982).
Google Scholar

Vreeland v. Byrne, 370 A.2d 825, 72 N.J. 292 (1977). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(77)80126-1
Google Scholar

Washington State Legislature v. Lowry, 931 P.2d 885, 131 Wash.2d 309 (1997).
Google Scholar

Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1, 84 S.Ct. 526, 11 L.Ed.2d 481 (1964).
Google Scholar

Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25, 69 S.Ct. 1359, 93 L.Ed. 1782 (1949).
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2017-06-28

How to Cite

Stolicki, Dariusz. 2017. “Specyfika Konstytucjonalizmu Stanowego W USA”. Politeja 14 (3(48):203-39. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.48.10.

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3(48) (2017)

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Funding data