Polish Territorial Defence Forces and Innovation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Assessment of the Potential of a Mixed-type Force in Non-military Crisis Response
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.79.11Keywords:
Territorial Defence Forces, Polish Armed Forces, innovation, crisis responseAbstract
Innovation can be understood in multiple ways. It can be seen as big breakthroughs and the introduction of entirely new inventions or as small, incremental changes introduced to existing products, processes, or solutions. Innovation can also be considered as a capability or a characteristic of individuals and organisations. It is viewed as one of the desired (if not crucial) aspects of functioning in a complex environment. This also refers to the armed forces and their activities during war and in response to crises. One of the biggest changes in the Polish Armed Forces in the second decade of the 21st century was the establishment of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF), a mixed service comprising volunteer and full-time soldiers. This article aims to assess the innovative potential as well as the potential for innovation of such a mixed type of force in non-military crisis response by reviewing the key characteristics and actions carried out by the TDF.
Downloads
References
Banasiak P., “Motywuje nas chęć pomagania”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 22 November 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/708782/motywuje-nas-chec-pomagania. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2021.1878547
Bellis M., “The Inventor of Touch Screen Technology”, ThoughtCo.com, 12 July 2018, at https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-touch-screen-technology-1992535.
Białas T., “Fear as a Determining Factor in the Development of Special Forces and the Territorial Defence Forces in Poland in the 21st Century”, Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka, vol. 44, no. 3 (2021), pp. 179-191, http://dx.doi.org/10.48269/2451-0718-btip-2021-3-013.
Bijlsma T., Bogenrieder I., Baalen P. van, “Learning Military Organizations and Organizational Change”, in Managing Military Organizations: Theory and Practice, J. Soeters, P.C. van Fenema, R. Beeres (eds), London 2010.
Broesder W., Vogelaar A., Euwema M.C., “The Peacekeeping Warrior. A Theoretical Model”, in Blurring Military and Police Roles, M. Easton et al. (eds), The Hague 2010.
Brooks R., “Paradoxes of Professionalism: Rethinking Civil-Military Relations in the United States”, International Security, vol. 44, no. 4 (2020), pp. 7-44, https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00374
Compa T., „Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej i Narodowe Siły Rezerwowe w Systemie Obrony Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej”, Facta Simonidis, vol. 1, no. 13 (2020), pp. 79-98.
Cooper R.G., “Perspective: The Stage-Gates® Idea-to-Launch Process – Update, What’s New, and NexGen Systems”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 25, no. 3 (2008), pp. 213-232, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00296.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00296.x
Czerwińska M., “Służba wojskowa kobiet w siłach zbrojnych RP wczoraj i dziś”, Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 23 February 2022, at https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/sluzba-wojskowa-kobiet-w-silach-zbrojnych-rp-wczoraj-i-dzis.
Dyer J.H., Gregersen H., Christensen C.M., “The Innovator’s DNA”, Harvard Business Review, December 2009, at https://hbr.org/2009/12/the-innovators-dna.
Fagerberg J., “Innovation: A Guide to the Literature”, in The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson (eds), Oxford 2006, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.001.0001
Franke V.C., Preparing for Peace: Military Identity, Value Orientations, and Professional Military Education, Westport, CT 1999.
Freeman Ch., Soete L., The Economics of Industrial Innovation, London 1997.
Gibson C.B., Birkinshaw J., “The Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity”, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 47, no. 2 (2004), pp. 209-226, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/20159573
Harmancioglu N. et al., “Your New Product Development (NPD) Is Only as Good as Your Process: An Exploratory Analysis of New NPD Process Design and Implementation”, R&D Management, vol. 37, no. 5 (2007), pp. 399-424, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00486.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2007.00486.x
Huntington S., The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations, Cambridge, MA 1957.
Jędruszczuk I., “Kobiety w WOT”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 7 March 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/651073/kobiety-w-wot.
Kahn K.B., “Understanding Innovation”, Business Horizons, vol. 61, no. 3 (2018), pp. 453-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011
Klisz M., “Regionalna obrona terytorialna – możliwości i szanse współpracy”, Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe, vol. 15, no. 4 (2018), pp. 87-107.
Mazurkiewicz A., Civil-Military Cooperation in International Interventions: The Role of Soldiers, London 2022, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159001
Mazurkiewicz A., “The Dynamics of the Contemporary Military Role: In Search of Flexibility”, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio K Politologia, vol. 25, no. 2 (2018), pp. 7-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2018.25.2.7-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/k.2018.25.2.7-24
Miernicka M., “Rubiny w walce z epidemią”, Polska Zbrojna, 21 May 2020, at http://polskazbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/31234?t=Rubiny-w-walce-z-epidemia#.
Panagopoulos G., “Aspects of Organizational Ambidexterity”, Journal of Global Strategic Management, vol. 1, no. 10 (2016), https://doi.org/10.20460/JGSM.20161022382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20460/JGSM.20161022382
Pietrzak M., “Aplikacja, która ułatwi pomoc!”, Wojsko Polskie, 9 April 2020, at https://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/dwot/articles/aktualnosci-w/2020-04-09c-aplikacja-ktora-uatwi-pomoc//.
Pietrzak M., “Ciąg dalszy działań pomocowych WOT na Lubelszczyźnie”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 20 June 2019, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/446903/ciag-dalszy-dzialan-pomocowych-wot-na-lubelszczyznie.
Pietrzak M., “Małopolscy Terytorialsi wspierają poszkodowanych po przejściu trąby powietrznej”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 25 June 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/676955/malopolscy-terytorialsi-wspieraja-poszkodowanych-po-przejsciutraby-powietrznej.
Pietrzak M., “Podkarpaccy Terytorialsi usuwali skutki nawałnicy”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 27 June 2020, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/532843/podkarpaccyterytorialsi-usuwali-skutki-nawalnicy.
“Pięć lat wojsk obrony terytorialnej”, Polska Zbrojna, 11 February 2022, at http://polskazbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/36445?t=Piec-lat-wojsk-obrony-terytorialnej#.
Polish Air Force, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Sily-Powietrzne/.
Polish Navy, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Marynarka-WojennaRP.
“Pobór, a profesjonalizacja armii”, Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, at https://archiwum.mswia.gov.pl/pl/bezpieczenstwo/sprawy-obronne/6154,Pobor-a-profesjonalizacja-armii.html.
Rosenberg N., Studies on Science and the Innovation Process, Singapore 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/7306
Rosłaniec M., “Terytorialsi wykorzystali innowacją technologię podczas matur”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 8 June 2020, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/523369/terytorialsi-wykorzystali-innowacja-technologie-podczas-matur.
Ruffa Ch., Dandeker Ch., Vennesson P., “Soldiers Drawn into Politics? The Influence of Tactics in Civil-Military Relations”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, vol. 24, no. 2 (2013), pp. 322-334, https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2013.778035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2013.778035
Shields P.M., Soeters J., “Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, Positive Peace, and Public Administration”, American Review of Public Administration, vol. 47, no. 3 (2017), pp. 323-339, https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015589629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015589629
Smith W.R., Treem J.W., Love B., “Communicative Signaling of Occupational Fitness: How Innovative Ability Is Expressed and Assessed”, Communication Monographs, vol. 86, no. 3 (2019), pp. 313-335, https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1557719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1557719
Soeters J., Fenema P.C. van, Beeres R., “Introducing Military Organizations”, in Managing Military Organizations. Theory and Practice, J. Soeters, P.C. van Fenema, R. Beeres (eds), London 2010, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857106
Soeters J., Winslow D., Weibull A., “Military Culture”, in Handbook of the Sociology of the Military, G. Caforio (ed.), New York 2006, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34576-0_14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34576-0_14
Sternberg R.J., Kaufman J.C., Pretz J.E., „The Propulsion Model of Creative Contributions Applied to the Arts and Letters”, Journal of Creative Behavior, vol. 35, no. 2 (2001), pp. 75-101, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2001.tb01223.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2001.tb01223.x
Sternberg R.J., Pretz J.E., Kaufman J.C., “Types of Innovation”, in The International Handbook on Innovation, L.V. Shavinina (ed.), Oxford 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044198-6/50011-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044198-6/50011-5
Stępka M., “Rezyliencja jako paradygmat bezpieczeństwa w czasach przewlekłych kryzysów”, Przegląd Politologiczny, vol. 26, no. 2 (2021), pp. 105-117, https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.2.7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.2.7
Stępka M., Mazurkiewicz A., “The Curious Case of the COVID-19 Crisis and the Militarisation of Resilience”, LSE IDEAS CSEEP at Jagiellonian University, 7 December 2021, at https://cseep.uj.edu.pl/blog/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_syU1o8MlR1gt/147284642/149324533?fbclid=IwAR2mA-84chk0iK9HQjitL8r2NsWlseuMJofS7rw4_HaJBPrw5xXRieZdF0.
Szczepaniak A., „Jestem pomocnym ramieniem i tarczą dla mojej społeczności”, Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej, 23 February 2021, at https://media.terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/informacje/648157/jestem-pomocnym-ramieniem-i-tarcza-dla-mojej-spolecznosci-2021-02-22.
Territorial Defence Forces, official Facebook profile, 2022, at https://www.facebook.com/Terytorialsi.
Territorial Defence Forces Website, “FAQ”, 2022, at https://terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/faq.
Territorial Defence Forces Website, „Nasza tożsamość”, 2022, at https://terytorialsi.wp.mil.pl/nasza-tozsamosc.
Ustawa z dnia 11 marca 2022 r. o obronie Ojczyzny, Dz.U. 2022, poz. 655.
“ZUZIA I WYMAZUŚ – w WOT rusza kampania edukacyjna dla dzieci [mat. do pobrania]”, Wojsko Polskie, 27 May 2020, at https://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/3bot/articles/aktualnosci-w/2020-05-27m-zuzia-i-wymazus-w-wot-rusza-kampania-edukacyjna-dla-dzieci-matdo-pobrania/.
Żemła E., “Generałowie krytycznie o Wojskach Obrony Terytorialnej”, Onet.pl, 22 May 2017, at https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/tylko-w-onecie/generalowie-krytycznie-o-wojskachobrony-terytorialnej/52knmdf.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
