Strategic Goals of Energy Security Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.50.05Słowa kluczowe:
Federal Republic of Germany, energy policy, security of supply, Nord StreamAbstrakt
The aim of the article is to analyse the strategic goals of energy security of the Federal Republic of Germany in the context of foreign policy. The author hypothesizes that achieving the strategic goals of the energy policy of the Federal Republic of Germany depends on its energy partnerships. Therefore, the following research questions are considered: First, what are the goals of German foreign policy in the context of international power play? Second, what are the internal and external goals of energy policy of Germany? Third, what is the role of Germany’s strategic partnerships in the context of pursuing the goals of its energy security? The author also presents the structure of Germany’s energy balance to illustrate the importance of particular energy resources and the sources and directions of their supply. The answers to those questions will provide the context for strategic energy partnerships between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation. Given the specificity of German policy, the author will apply the geo-economic approach. The system analysis method and the component method will also be used. Conclusions and potential scenarios will be based on the forecasting technique.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Antoszewski A., Herbut R. (eds.), Leksykon politologii, Wrocław 2000.
View in Google Scholar
Cziomer E., Polityka zagraniczna Niemiec w dobie wyzwań globalizacji, bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego oraz integracji europejskiej po 2005 roku, Warszawa–Kraków 2010.
View in Google Scholar
Cziomer E., Zyblikiewicz L.W., Zarys współczesnych stosunków międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2005.
View in Google Scholar
Derski B., “Coraz tańsza energia elektryczna”, Wysokie Napięcie, 10 February 2016, at <http://wysokienapiecie.pl/rynek/1278-cena-energii-elektrycznej-2015>.
View in Google Scholar
“Deutsche Stromexporte erlösten im Saldo Rekordwert von über 2 Milliarden Euro”, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, 23 February 2016, at <https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/aktuelles/meldungen-2016/deutsche-stromexporte-erloesten-im-saldo-rekordwert-von-ueber-2-milliarden-euro>.
View in Google Scholar
Die Energiewende gemeinsam zum Erfolg führen, Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie, Berlin 2015, at <https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Energie/die-energiewende-gemeinsam-zum-erfolg-fuehren.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5>.
View in Google Scholar
Duffield J.S., Fuels Paradise Seeking Energy Security in Europe, Japan, and the United States, Baltimore 2015.
View in Google Scholar
“Electricity Regional Initiative (ERI)”, Council of European Energy Regulators, at <http://www.ceer.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_ACTIVITIES/EER_INITIATIVES/ERI>.
View in Google Scholar
Energie für Deutschland 2016. Fakten, Perspektiven und Positionen im globalen Kontext, World Energy Council, Berlin 2016, at <http://www.weltenergierat.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/61524_DNK_Energie16_D_final_72dpi.pdf>.
View in Google Scholar
Energie für Deutschland 2017. Fakten, Perspektiven und Positionen im globalen Kontext World Energy Council, Berlin 2017, at <http://www.weltenergierat.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Energie-f%C3%BCr-Deutschland-2017_.pdf>.
View in Google Scholar
Energiekoncept für eine umweltschonende, zuverlässige und bezahlbare Energieversorgung, Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie, 28 September 2010, at <https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/E/energiekonzept-2010.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3>.
View in Google Scholar
“Energiewende”, Die Bundesregierung, at <https://www.bundesregierung.de/Webs/Breg/DE/Themen/Energiewende/Fragen-Antworten/1_Allgemeines/1_warum/_node.html;jsessionid=9A3BE162B22158BAE9B4B3A8E3115DCB.s6t1#doc605764bodyText2>.
View in Google Scholar
Energy Study 2013: Reserves, Resources, and Availability of Energy Resources, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover 2013, at <https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Energie/Downloads/energiestudie_2013_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2>.
View in Google Scholar
Ergebnispapier “Strom 2030 – Langfristige Trends, Aufgaben für die kommenden Jahre”, Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie, Berlin 2017, at <http://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Energie/strom-2030-ergebnispapier.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=32>.
View in Google Scholar
Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen. Nationale und internationale Entwicklung im Jahr 2016, Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie, Berlin 2017, at <https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Energie/erneuerbare-energien-in-zahlen-2015-09.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=24>.
View in Google Scholar
Flassbeck H., “The End of the Energiewende?”, EnergyPost.eu, 10 January 2017, at <http://energypost.eu/end-energiewende/>.
View in Google Scholar
The German Energiewende and its Climate Paradox, Berlin 2014.
View in Google Scholar
Germany’s New Energy Policy. Heading towards 2050 with Secure, Affordable and Environmentally Sound Energy, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), Berlin 2012, at <http://www.australien.diplo.de/contentblob/3459910/Daten/2512354/energiewende_bmwi.pdf>.
View in Google Scholar
“Germany”, CIA. The World Factbook, at <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html>.
View in Google Scholar
Graichen P., Kleiner M.M., Podewils Ch., The Energy Transition in the Power Sector. State of Affairs 2016. A Review of the Major Developments in Germany and an Outlook for 2017, Berlin 2017, at <https://www.agora-energiewende.de/fileadmin/Projekte/2017/Jahresauswertung_2016/Die_Energiewende_im_Stromsektor_2016_EN.pdf>.
View in Google Scholar
Grünbuch Energieeffizienz, Berlin 2016.
View in Google Scholar
Gründiger W., Drivers of Energy Transition. How Interest Groups Influenced Energy Politics in Germany, Berlin 2017.
View in Google Scholar
Haliżak E., Kuźniar R. (eds.), Stosunki międzynarodowe. Geneza, struktura, dynamika, Warszawa 2000.
View in Google Scholar
Harnisch S., Maull H., Germany as a Civilian Power? The Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic, Manchester 2001.
View in Google Scholar
Joas F. et al., “Which Goals Are Driving the Energiewende? Making Sense of the German Energy Transformation”, Energy Policy, vol. 95 (2016), at <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.003>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.003
View in Google Scholar
Koszel B., Polska i Niemcy w Unii Europejskiej. Pola konfliktów i płaszczyzny współpracy, Poznań 2008.
View in Google Scholar
Kraemer R.A., “Twins of 1713: Energy Security and Sustainability in Germany”, in R.E. Looney (ed.), Handbook of Transitions to Energy and Climate Security, Abingdon–New York 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315723617-27
View in Google Scholar
Krause F., Bossel H., Müller-Reissmann K.-F., Energie-Wende. Wachstum und Wohlstand ohne Erdöl and Uran, Frankfurt 1981.
View in Google Scholar
Kundnani H., “Germany as a Geo-economic Power”, The Washington Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 3 (2011), at <https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587950>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587950
View in Google Scholar
Molo B., Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Niemiec w XXI wieku, Kraków 2013.
View in Google Scholar
“Niemieckie i brytyjskie elektrownie emitują najwięcej CO2”, Wirtualny Nowy Przemysł, 23 July 2014, at <http://energetyka.wnp.pl/niemieckie-i-brytyjskie-elektrownie-emituja-najwiecej-co2-w-ue,230832_1_0_0.html>.
View in Google Scholar
Nies S., Oil and Gas Delivery to Europe. An Overview of Existing and Planned Infrastructures, Paris 2011.
View in Google Scholar
Pahle M., Pachauri S., Steinbacher K., “Can the Green Economy Deliver it All? Experiences of Renewable Energy Policies with Socio-economic Objectives”, Applied Energy, vol. 179 (2016), at <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.073>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.073
View in Google Scholar
“Ranking of Germany’s Trading Partners in Foreign Trade”, Statistische Bundesamt, 24 October 2017, at <https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/NationalEconomyEnvironment/ForeignTrade/Tables/OrderRankGermanyTradingPartners.pdf;jsessionid=275A6615E05AE34115509C24321E1588.InternetLive2?__blob=publicationFile>.
View in Google Scholar
Renn O., Marshall J.P., “Coal, Nuclear and Renewable Energy Policies in Germany: From the 1950s to the ‘Energiewende’”, Energy Policy, vol. 99 (2016), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.004>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.004
View in Google Scholar
Ruszel M., “Pozycja Niemiec na wspólnym rynku gazu Unii Europejskiej”, in P. Kwiatkiewicz et al. (eds.), Europejski wymiar bezpieczeństwa energetycznego a ochrona środowiska, Poznań 2014.
View in Google Scholar
Ruszel M., “The Political Importance of Energy Cooperation between Germany and Denmark on the European Union Energy Market”, E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 10 (2016), at <https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20161000135>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20161000135
View in Google Scholar
Schild J., Harnisch S., “Deutsche Außenpolitik und internationale Führung: Erwartungen, Ressourcen, Partner, Praktiken”, in iidem (eds.), Deutsche Außenpolitik und internationale Führung. Ressourcen, Praktiken und Politiken in einer veränderten Europäischen Union, Baden-Baden 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845254395
View in Google Scholar
“Schwerpunkte deutscher Außenpolitik”, at <http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_8C88D50EB8BCE0CE88B13D639D3F8E6F/DE/Aussenpolitik/Schwerpunkte/Uebersicht_node.html>.
View in Google Scholar
Sohre A., Strategien in der Energie- und Klimapolitik. Bedingungen strategischer Steuerung der Energiewende in Deutschland und Großbritannien, Berlin 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04303-2_3
View in Google Scholar
Steinbacher K., Pahle M., Leadership by Diffusion and the German Energiewende, PIK Discussion Paper, February 2015, at <https://www.pik-potsdam.de/members/pahle/dp-ew-leadership-2015.pdf>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2565313
View in Google Scholar
Streitkräfte Fähigkeiten und Technologien im 21. Jahrhundert – Umweltdimensionen von Sicherheit, Teilstudie 1: Peak Oil. Sicherheitspolitische Implikationen knapper Ressourcen, Zentrum für Transformation der Bundeswehr, Strausberg 2010, at <http://peak-oil.com/download/Peak%20Oil.%20Sicherheitspolitische%20Implikationen%20knapper%20Ressourcen%2011082010.pdf>.
View in Google Scholar
“Strommix in Deutschland 2013”, Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien, at <http://www.unendlich-viel-energie.de/mediathek/grafiken/strommix-in-deutschland-2013>.
View in Google Scholar
Szabo S.F., Germany, Russia, and the Rise of Geo-economics, London 2014.
View in Google Scholar
Turowski P., “Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne NATO”, Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe, no. 37-40 (2016).
View in Google Scholar
“Vergleich des Einsatzes der Primärenergieträger und des Verhältnisses der Eigenversorgung und des Importanteils 2002 und 2012 für Deutschland”, AGEB 2013, LBEG 2013, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, at <http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Energie/Bilder/Energiestudie2013/Energierohstoffe_Importabhaengigkeit2013_g.html?nn=1542226>.
View in Google Scholar
Wetzel D., “Deutschland hat die größten Erdgasspeicher Europas”, Welt, 3 March 2014, at <http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/energie/article125380438/Deutschland-hat-die-groessten-Erdgasspeicher-Europas.html>.
View in Google Scholar
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
