Hungary’s global opening to an interpolar world
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.28.06Keywords:
Hungary, foreign policy, global opening, Eastern turnAbstract
This study wishes to contribute to the relatively limited circle of academic publications on Hungary’s foreign policy – in particular, in the second decade of the twenty‑first century. First, it looks at major foreign policy priorities since the change of the political system in 1989 and their maintenance in the country’s external affairs policy agenda, together with the omnipresent desire to get re‑positioned “rightly”, “back” into the international community. The intention of the authors is to investigate the validity and possible execution of a “global opening” in an increasingly “interpolar globality”, and therefore, to provide a detailed analysis of the Hungarian “turn towards to East”. The new foreign policy document of the country contains a re‑positioning of Hungarian presence in five priority regions of the world, among which emphasis has obviously been laid on Central Europe and the Visegrád Group. The paper offers a critical analysis of both the potentials and challenges of the global opening.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
‘2013 Central European Year in Hungarian Diplomacy’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 28 December 2012, at <http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry‑of‑foreign‑affairs/news/2013‑central‑european‑year‑in‑hungarian‑diplomacy>.
Google Scholar
‘Agreement on Energy Cooperation’, Prime Minister’s Office, 31 January 2013, at <http://www.kormany.hu/en/prime‑minister‑s‑office/news/agreement‑on‑energy‑cooperation>.
Google Scholar
‘An Analysis of Russian‑Hungarian Relations in Perspective’, Hungarian Spectrum, 2 February 2013, at <http://hungarianspectrum.wordpress.com/2013/02/02/an‑analysis‑of‑russian‑hungarian‑relations‑in‑perspective/>.
Google Scholar
Antall J., Parlamenti beszéd, ‘5. ülésnap’, 22 May 1990, at <http://www.antalljozsef.hu/hu/5_ulesnap>.
Google Scholar
‘Azeri Killer Ramil Safarov: Nato Chief “concerned”’, BBC News Europe, 6 September 2012, at <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world‑europe‑19499151>.
Google Scholar
Boneva S., ‘Enhancing Energy Efficiency in the European Union: A Challenge for the Next Decade’, in Challenges for the European Union in the Next Decade. A View from the Danube Region, ed. by I. Tarrósy, S. Milford, Pécs 2013.
Google Scholar
Denca S. S., ‘Europeanization of Foreign Policy: Empirical Findings from Hungary, Romania and Slovakia’, Journal of Contemporary European Research, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2009).
Google Scholar
Dunay P., ‘Subregional Cooperation in East‑Central Europe: the Visegrád Group and the Central European Free Trade Agreement’, Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Vol. 32, No. 1 (2003).
Google Scholar
‘Emirates Airlines Tipped as Mysterious Investor behind Hungary’s New Carrier Sólyom’, portfolio.hu, 31 July 2013, at <http://www.portfolio.hu/en/economy/emirates_airlines_tipped_as_mysterious_investor_behind_hungarys_new_carrier_solyom.26430.html>,20 August 2013.
Google Scholar
‘Az Emirates állhat a Sólyom mögött’, Gazdasági Rádió, 31 July 2013, at <http://gazdasagiradio.hu/cikk/94158/>.
Google Scholar
‘Az Emirates biztosan nem áll a Sólyom mögött’, HVG, 31 July 2013, at <http://hvg.hu/gazdasag/20130731_Az_Emirates_biztos_nem_all_a_Solyom_mogot#rss>.
Google Scholar
‘A Fidesz határozottan a Déli áramlat mellett’, Nol, 16 September 2011, at <http://nol.hu/gazdasag/a_fidesz_hatarozottan_a_deli_aramlat_mellett?ref=sso>.
Google Scholar
‘Függesszék fel a Déli Áramlat munkálatainak előkészítését’, Fidesz, 13 July 2009, at <http://www.fidesz.hu/index.php?Cikk=136262>.
Google Scholar
Godement F., Parello‑Plesner J., Richard A., The Scramble for Europe, London 2011, ECFR Policy Brief, 37, at <http://www.ecfr.eu/page/‑/ECFR37_Scramble_For_Europe_AW_v4.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Grevi G., ‘The Interpolar World: A New Scenario’, ISS Occasional Papers, No. 79 (2009), at <http://www.iss.europa.eu>.
Google Scholar
Henderson K. (ed.), Back to Europe. Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union, London 1999.
Google Scholar
‘How the World Looks from Hungary: Hungary’s Foreign Policy’, The Economist, 13 August 2010, at <http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/08/hungarys_foreign_policy>. ‘Hungary Election: PM Viktor Orban Declares Victory’, BBC News Europe, at <http://www.bbc.com/news/world‑europe‑26908404>.
Google Scholar
‘Hungary in Good Position to Strengthen Ties with Asia, Says Foreign Ministry Secretary’, Hungarian News Agency (MTI), 18 July 2012, at <http://www.politics.hu/20120718/hungary‑in‑good‑position‑to‑strengthen‑ties‑with‑asia‑says‑foreign‑ministry‑secretary/>. ‘Hungary Reopened its Embassy in Abuja’, Prime Minister’s Office, at <http://www.kormany.hu/en/prime‑minister‑s‑office/news/hungary‑reopened‑its‑embassy‑in‑abuja>.
Google Scholar
‘Hungary’s Foreign Policy after the Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary, 2011, p. 3, at <http://www.kormany.hu/download/e/cb/6000/foreign_policy_20111219.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Huntington S. P., ‘The Lonely Superpower’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 2 (1999).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20049207
Google Scholar
Inotai A., Kína világgazdasági szerepének erősödése. Az exportorientált “modell” jövője, Budapest
Google Scholar
‘János Martonyi: Russia Is One of the Key Countries in “Eastern Opening” policy’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1 March 2013, at <http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry‑of‑foreign‑affairs/news/janos‑martonyi‑russia‑is‑one‑of‑the‑key‑countries‑in‑eastern‑opening‑policy>.
Google Scholar
Jeszenszky G., ‘Hungary’s Foreign Policy Dilemmas after Regaining Sovereignty’, Society and Economy, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2007), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/SocEc.29.2007.1.2>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/SocEc.29.2007.1.2
Google Scholar
Kałan D., ‘China in Hungary’s Foreign Policy’, Bulletin PISM, No. 63 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kałan D., ‘Relationship of a Special Significance? A Chinese Direction in Hungary’s Foreign Policy under Viktor Orbán’, Croatian International Relations Review, Vol. 18, No. 66 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kiss J. L., ‘Magyarország szomszédsági kapcsolatainak jövője’, Grotius (2007), at <http://www.grotius.hu/doc/pub/FJFDTM/kiss_j_lászló_magyarorszag_szomszédsági_kapcsolatok.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Kopinski D., ‘Visegrad Countries’ Development Aid to Africa: Beyond the Rhetoric’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2011.649172>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2011.649172
Google Scholar
Magyarics T., ‘From Semi‑periphery to Semi‑periphery: Hungary’s Foreign Relations under the Socialist‑free Democrat Governments (2002‑2010)’, in Panorama of Global Security Environment, eds. by M. Majer [et al.], Bratislava 2010.
Google Scholar
Magyarics T., ‘Hungary and Southeast Europe – Preface’. International Relations Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2010).
Google Scholar
‘Magyarok Maliban: megjelent a kormányhatározat’, HVG, 8 March 2013, at <http://hvg.hu/itthon/20130308_Magyarok_Maliban_megjelent_a_kormanyhatar>.
Google Scholar
Marton P., ‘The Sources of Visegrad Conduct: A Comparative Analysis of V4 Foreign Policy‑making’, The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 4 (2012).
Google Scholar
Matura T., ‘Sino‑Hungarian Relations in 2010’, HIIA Papers, No. 8 (2011).
Google Scholar
‘Moszkvai járatot indít a Wizz Air’, index.hu, 19 July 2013, at <http://index.hu/gazdasag/2013/07/19/moszvai_jaratot_indit_a_wizz_air/>.
Google Scholar
Nemeth A. A., ‘The Country Where Growth Stopped’, The European Strategist, 24 June 2011, at <http://www.europeanstrategist.eu/2011/06/the‑country‑where‑growth‑stopped/>. ‘Orbán 4,6 milliárd dollárért cserélte Moszkvára az IMF‑et’,HVG, 6 February 2013, at <http://hvg.hu/gazdasag/20130206_HVG_Orban_46_milliard_dollarert_cserelte>. ‘Orbán and the Wind from the East’, The Economist, 14 November 2011, at <http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2011/11/hungarys‑politics>.
Google Scholar
Parkes R., Sobják A., ‘This Is How the Visegrád Four Can Benefit from a Global Strategy’, Népszabadság, 17 June 2013, at <http://www.budapesttelegraph.com/news/392/thisis_how_the_visegrad_four_can_benefit_from_a_global_strategy>.
Google Scholar
Póti L., ‘Hungarian Foreign Policy and ENP in the East: Energy – (and) Nationality‑based Policy’, International Issues & Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 3‑4 (2006).
Google Scholar
Rácz A., ‘A Limited Priority: Hungary and the Eastern Neighborhood’, Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 2 (2011).
Google Scholar
Rácz A., ‘An Unintended Consequence: Is the Hungarian Commitment to the EU’s Enlargement and Neighborhood Policy Weakening? Hungarian Engagement in Eastern Europe’, Draft Paper (2012), at <http://www.uaces.org/documents/papers/1201/racz.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Rada P., ‘The “Central European” Year of Hungarian Foreign Policy’, CEPA, 2 April 2013, at <http://www.cepa.org/content/“central‑european”‑year‑hungarian‑foreign‑policy>.
Google Scholar
Rózsa E. N., ‘Libya and the Hungarian EU Presidency’, HIIA Policy Brief, No. 14 (2011), at <http://www.hiia.hu/pub/displ_eng.asp?id=TVYBGH>.
Google Scholar
‘Russia to Increase Hungary’s Nuclear Power’, Reuters, 14 January 2014, at <http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/14/russia‑hungary‑idUSL6N0KO28L20140114>.
Google Scholar
Smith M. A., Power in the Changing Global Order. The US, Russia and China, Cambridge 2012.
Google Scholar
Sobják A., ‘Rethinking the Future of the Visegrad Group at a Time of Heated Debate on the Future of the EU’, The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 4 (2012).
Google Scholar
Szczudlik‑Tatar J., ‘China’s Policy towards Central and Eastern Europe’, Bulletin PISM, No. 44 (2011).
Google Scholar
Szent-Iványi, B., ‘The EU’s Support for Democratic Governance in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Role of Transition Experience from the New Member States’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 66, No. 7 (2014).
Google Scholar
Szent-Iványi, B., ‘The EU’s Support for Democratic Governance in the Eastern Neighbourhood: The Role of Transition Experience from the New Member States’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 66, No. 7 (2014).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.927646
Google Scholar
Szunomár A., ‘Kínai, magyar – két jó barát?’, MTA VKI, No. 237 (2011), at <http://www.vki.hu/sn/sn_237.pdf>.
Google Scholar
Takács Sz., ‘Strategic Cooperation and Diverse Relationship’, Diplomacy & Trade (31 January 2013), at <http://www.dteurope.com/diplomacy/news/strategic‑cooperation‑and‑diverse‑relationship.html>.
Google Scholar
Tarrósy I., ‘“Chimerican” Interests, Africa Policies and Changing US‑China Relations’, Security Policy Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2013).
Google Scholar
Tarrósy I., Morenth P., ‘Global Opening for Hungary – New Beginning for Hungarian Africa Policy’, African Studies Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 1‑2 (2013).
Google Scholar
Tarrósy I., Vörös Z., ‘An Overview of EU‑China Relations: From the Race for Energy Security to the Development of Soft Power and Public Diplomacy’, in China‑EU Cooperation for a Sustainable Economy, eds. by Sz. Pudruzsik, S. Kerekes, Budapest 2012.
Google Scholar
‘Tavares Report Called Unjust in a European Parliament Debate Today in Strasbourg’, Prime Minister’s Office, 2 July 2013, at <http://www.kormany.hu/en/prime‑minister‑s‑=office/news/tavares‑report‑called‑unjust‑in‑a‑european‑parliament‑debate‑today‑in‑strasbourg>.
Google Scholar
Wohlforth W. C., ‘Unipolar Stability. The Rules of Power Analysis’, Harvard International Review, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2007).
Google Scholar
Wolf J., ‘Europeans View China as Biggest Threat to Global Security’, Atlantic Review, 16 April 2008, at <http://atlanticreview.org/archives/1058‑Europeans‑View‑China‑as‑Biggest‑Threat‑to‑Global‑Security.html>.
Google Scholar
Zakaria F., The Post‑American World. Release 2.0, New York 2012.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.