The influence of the crisis in the Republic of Mali on the political situation of the Sahel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.42.23Keywords:
Mali, the Tuareg, crisis, uprisingAbstract
The aim of this article is to present the crisis in the Republic of Mali, a country with the largest democratic advances in West Africa in the nineties. However, in 2012 and 2013 Mali experienced a crisis which had led to a military coup. The collapse of state institutions in Mali destabilized the entire region. The author of article devoted particular attention to the process of decentralization of power in the nineties. A series of reforms that gave hope to alleviate the Tuareg issue. The author tried to describe the origins of the crisis in Mali in 2012/2013. She focused on the issue of the Tuareg returning from Libya and an accurate description of the course of events. The declarations of independence of Azawad, the military coup, Tuareg denial by the Islamists or the entry of the French army to Mali are the key points of these events. The author mentioned also the presidential elections that bring a chance for stabilization in Mali. As the events in the Sahel have an impact on other countries in the region the author would like to present the effects of the crisis on the situation in Niger, Mali and Libya. The author’s aim was to present a forecast of opportunities and threats for Mali and the region. This topic is very dynamic, the situation in Mali seemed to stabilize but the violence erupted further in the northern part of the country.
Downloads
References
‘Azawad – nowe państwo na mapie Afryki?’, Wprost, 6 April 2012, at <http://www.wprost.pl/ar/315120/Azawad‑nowe‑panstwo‑na‑mapie‑Afryki/>.
Bernus R., ‘Etre Touareg au Mali’, Politique Africaine, No. 47: Le Mali. La Transition (1992).
Bourgeot A., ‘Revoltes et rebellions en pays touareg’, Afrique Contemporaine, No. 170 (1994).
Callies de Selles B., Kraje Maghrebu. Historia, polityka i społeczeństwo, trans. by K.J. Dąbrowska, Warszawa 2012.
Croft A., ‘Libya on Verge of Economic Collapse. U.N. Envoy Warns’, Reuters, 28 May 2015, at <http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/05/28/uk‑libya‑security‑talks‑idUKKBN0OD29J20150528>.
Curbing Violence in Nigeria (II): The Boko Haram Insurgency, Africa Report, No. 216, International Crisis Group, 3 April 2014, at <http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/west‑africa/nigeria/216‑curbing‑violence‑in‑nigeria‑ii‑the‑boko‑haram‑insurgency.aspx>.
Dissler M., ‘A Mirage in the Sahara: The Fragility of Azawad’, Harvard Political Review, 8 January 2013, at <http://harvardpolitics.com/world/a‑mirage‑in‑the‑sahara‑the‑fragility‑of‑azawad/>.
Doctors without Borders, Mali Healthcare in Crisis – 2012 Annual Report, at <http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/country‑region/mali>.
Elischer S., ‘After Mali Comes Niger; West Africa’s Problems Migrate East’, Foreign Affairs, 12 February 2013, at <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mali/2013‑02‑12/after‑mali‑comes‑niger>.
The Fund for Peace, The Failed States Index 2012”, at <http://ffp.statesindex.org/rankings‑2012‑sortable>, 27 September 2013.
The Fund for Peace, The Failed States Index 2013, at <http://ffp.statesindex.org/rankings‑2013‑sortable>, 29 September 2013.
Hirsch A., ‘Mali Conflict Could Spill Over into Western Sahara, Warns Ban Ki‑moon’, Guardian, 9 April 2013.
Institute for Security Studies (Tshwane/Pretoria), ‘Mali’s Post Elections Challenges’, All Africa, 4 September 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201309041024.html>.
Jajali M., ‘Tuareg Migration: A Critical Component of Crisis in the Sahel’, MPI, 30 May 2013, at <http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/tuareg‑migration‑critical‑component‑crisis‑sahel>.
Keenan J., ‘Mali Is Not Another African War’, New African, No. 524 (2013).
Kerchove G. de, ‘Au Sahel, la tâche est immense’, Le Télégramme, 26 January 2013.
Kumoch J., Konsekwencje regionalne konfliktu zbrojnego w Republice Mali, 2012, PCSA Working Papers, 2, at <http://www.pcsa.org.pl/publikacje/artyku%c5%82y/>.
Lacher W., ‘The Malian Crisis and the Challenge of Regional Security Cooperation’, Stability. International Journal of Security & Development, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2013), at <http://doi.org/10.5334/sta.bg>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.bg
Lacher W., Organized Crime and Conflict in the Sahel‑Sahara Region, Washington, D.C. 2012 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Working Papers).
Lagarde Ch., ‘Mali – At the Dawn of a New Year’, The International Monetary Fund’s global economy forum, 11 January 2014, at .
Lecocq B., Disputed Desert. Decolonisation, Competing Nationalisms and Tuareg Rebellions in Northern Mali, Leiden–Boston 2011 (Afrika‑Studiecentrum Series, 19). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004139831.i-433
Lecocq B. et al., ‘One Hippopotamus and Eight Blind Analysts: A Multivocal Analysis of the 2012 Political Crisis in the Divided Republic of Mali’, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 40, No. 137 (2013), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.799063>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.799063
Look A., ‘Mali: New President Appoints Prime Minister’, All Africa, 6 September 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201309070091.html>.
Mali: An Imposed Peace?, Africa Report, No. 226, International Crisis Group, 22 May 2015, at <http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/west‑africa/mali/226‑mali‑an‑imposed‑peace.aspx>.
‘Mali: Civilians Suffering Effects of Recent Fighting in Kidal’, All Africa, 28 May 2014, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201405301263.html>.
‘Mali: FIDH and AMDH Strongly Condemn the Killings in Kidal’, FIDH, 21 May 2014, at <http://www.fidh.org/en/africa/mali/15360‑mali‑fidh‑and‑amdh‑strongly‑condemn‑the‑killings‑in‑kidal>.
‘Mali: Keita Strengthens in Mali Presidency Bid’, All Africa, 30 July 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201307310138.html>.
‘Mali: Peaceful Presidential Election in Mali’, All Africa, 29 July 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201307291394.html>.
Mali: Reform or Relapse, Africa Report, No. 210, International Crisis Group, 10 January 2014, at <http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/west‑africa/mali/210‑mali‑reform‑or‑relapse.aspx?utm_source=mali‑report&utm_medium=1&utm_campaign=mremail>.
‘Mali Says Around 20 Soldiers Killed in Loss of Kidal to Rebels’, 22 May 2014, at <http://en.africatime.com/ghana/db/mali‑says‑around‑20‑soldiers‑killed‑loss‑kidal‑rebels>.
Mali: sécuriser, dialoguer et réformer en profondeur, Rapport Afrique, No. 201, International Crisis Group, 11 April 2013, at <http://www.crisisgroup.org/fr/regions/afrique/afrique‑de‑louest/mali/201‑mali‑security‑dialogue‑and‑meaningful‑reform.aspx>.
‘Mali: Tuareg Rebels, Govt Sign Ceasefire, Agree Peace Talks’, All Africa, 24 May 2014, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201405240316.html>.
‘Malian Refugees Trickling Back Home’, All Africa, 26 July 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201307291032.html?aa_source=useful‑column>.
Moseley W. G., ‘Mali: Azawad – the Latest African Border Dilemma’, All Africa, 18 April 2012, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201204190699.html?page=4>.
Mouvement National de libération de l’Aazawad, Déclaration d’indépendance de l’Azawad, 6 April 2012, at <http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169‑declaration‑dindependance‑de‑lazawad.html>.
Oumar J., ‘West Africa: Mali Energy Deals May Strengthen Sahel’, All Africa, 19 August 2013, at <http://allafrica.com/stories/201308200308.html>.
Pellerin M., ‘La Sahel et la contagion libyenne’, Politique Etrangere, No. 4 (2012), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.124.0835>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/pe.124.0835
Pringle R., ‘Mali’s Unlikely Democracy’, The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 2 (2006).
Raleigh C., Dowd C., ‘Governance and Conflict in the Sahel’s “Ungoverned Space”’, Stability. International Journal of Security & Development, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2013), at <http://doi.org/10.5334/sta.bs>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.bs
Rybiński A., Tuaregowie z Sahary. Tradycyjna kultura Tuaregów Kel Ahaggar na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, Warszawa 1999 (Współczesna Afryka i Azja).
Seely J.C., ‘A Political Analysis of Decentralisation: Coopting Tuareg Threat in Mali’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 39. No. 3 (2001), at <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X0100369X>. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X0100369X
Simon L., Mattelaer A., Hadfield A., A Coherent EU Strategy for the Sahel, European Parliament, May 2011.
Thurston A., Lebowich A., A Handbook on Mali’s 2012‑2013 Crisis, Evanston 2013 (Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought in Africa Working Paper, 13‑001).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
