On Some Aspects of Word , Image and Human Values as Reflected by Russian Orthodox Icons and Western Religious Paintings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.13.2016.44.05Keywords:
word, image, Russian Orthodox icon, western religious painting, axiologyAbstract
The main focus of interest in the paper is the attitude of Western and Eastern stems of Christianity towards religious painting with reference to the problem of equality of word and image as far as the Church teaching is concerned. The roots and basic notions of Christian anthropology as well as positions revealed by both Churches during the discussions in 7-8th centuries are regarded as foundations for noticeable differences in interpretations of meanings, means, artistic principles, reality representations, ways of passing on the truth on man in Orthodox icons and Western religious paintings either. Taking in to account the relationship between object and its representation the paper develops the idea of metonymical principle being crucial for Western religious paintings and symbolic connection between signans belonging to the earthly reality and signatum pointing out to transcendent realm in Orthodox icon painting.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
Aldridge, A. Owen 1986: The Reemergence of World Literature. A Study of Asia and the West. Newark DE: University of Delaware Press, and, Cranbury/London/Mississauga: Associated University Presses.
Google Scholar
Arnold, Heinz Ludwig 2009: “Vorwort zur dritten, völlig neu bearbeiteten Auflage,” in: Idem (ed.): Kindlers Literatur Lexikon. A–Bak. 1. Third edition. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler.
Google Scholar
Auerbach, Erich 1952: “Philologie der Weltliteratur,” in: Walter Muschg, Emil Staiger, Walter Henzen (eds.): Weltliteratur. Festgabe für Fritz Strich zum 70. Geburtstag. Bern: Francke, pp. 39-50.
Google Scholar
Bassnett, Susan 2011: “The Translator as Cross-Cultural Mediator,” in: Kirsten Malmkjær, Kevin Windle (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies. (Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics.) Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 94-107.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199239306.013.0008
Google Scholar
Bäuml, Franz H. 1980: “Varieties and Consequences of Medieval Literacy and Illiteracy,” Speculum 55(2): 237-265. DOI: 10.2307/2847287.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2847287
Google Scholar
Bodmer, Thomas 2009: “Jeremias. Ein Bekenntnis zu Pazifismus, Humanismus und Weltbürgertum,” in: Joachim Brügge (ed.): „Das Buch als Eingang zur Welt“. Zur Eröffnung des Stefan-Zweig-Centre Salzburg am 28. November 2008. (Schriftenreihe des Stefan-Zweig-Centre Salzburg 1.) Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, pp. 67-75.
Google Scholar
Bodnár, Judit 2003: “Roquefort vs Big Mac: Globalization and its Others,” Archives européennes de sociologie / European Journal of Sociology / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie 44(1): 133-144.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000397560300122X
Google Scholar
Bryant, Joseph M. 2006: “The West and the Rest Revisited: Debating Capitalist Origins, European Colonialism, and the Advent of Modernity,” Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 31(4): 403-444. DOI: 10.2307/20058730.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/cjs.2006.0066
Google Scholar
Bubíková, Šarká 2004: “The Formation and Transformation of the American Literary Canon,” in: Pavel Drábek, Jan Chovanec (eds.): Proceedings from the Seventh Conference of English, American and Canadian Studies (Literature and Cultural Studies). (Theory and Practice in EnglishStudies 2.) Brno: Masaryk University in Brno, Faculty of Arts, Department of English and American Studies, pp. 25-28.
Google Scholar
Cai, Mingshui 1998: “Multiple Definitions of Multicultural Literature: Is the Debate Really Just ‘Ivory Tower’ Bickering?,” The New Advocate 11: 311-324.
Google Scholar
Cronin, Michael 2006: Translation and Identity. London/New York: Routledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203015698
Google Scholar
Crystal, David 1997: English as a Global Language. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Damrosch, David 2003: What is World Literature? (Translation/Transnation.) Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Google Scholar
Derks, Will 1996: “‘If Not to Anything Else.’ Some Reflections on Modern Indonesian Literature,” Bijdragen tot de Taal‑, Land- en Volkenkunde 152: 341-352.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003003
Google Scholar
Dixon, Robert 2012: “Scenes of Reading: Is Australian Literature a World Literature?,” in: Peter Kirkpatrick, Robert Dixon (eds.): Republics of Letters. Literary Communities in Australia. Sydney: Sydney University Press, pp. 71-83.
Google Scholar
Domínguez, César 2012(a): “Dionýz Ďurišin and a Systemic Theory of World Literature,” in: Theo D’haen, David Damrosch, Djelal Kadir (eds.): The Routledge Companion to World Literature. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 99-107.
Google Scholar
Domínguez, César 2012(b): “World Literature and Cosmopolitanism,” in: Theo D’haen, David Damrosch, Djelal Kadir (eds.): The Routledge Companion to World Literature. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 242-252.
Google Scholar
Dooghan, Daniel M. 2011: Literary Cartographies: Lu Xun and the Production of World Literature. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Available from ProQuest Udini (New York), or under <http://hdl.handle.net/11299/104555> (downloaded on December 6, 2016).
Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry 1997: Literary Theory. An Introduction. Reprint of the second edition. Oxford/Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
Google Scholar
Eco, Umberto 2010: Dire quasi la stessa cosa. Esperienze di traduzione. (Tascabili Bompiani 424.) Milano: Bompiani.
Google Scholar
Engdahl, Horace 2010: “A Nobel Sensibility,” World Policy Journal 27(3): 41-45.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/wopj.2010.27.3.41
Google Scholar
Eysteinsson, Ástráður 2006: “Notes on World Literature and Translation,” Angles on the English-Speaking World 6: 11-24.
Google Scholar
Federici, Eleonora 2007: “The Translator’s Intertextual Baggage,” Forum for Modern Language Studies 43(2): 147-160. DOI: 10.1093/fmls/cqm005.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqm005
Google Scholar
Fiedler, Sabine 2011: “English as a Lingua Franca – a Native-culture-free Code? Language of Communication vs. Language of Identification,” Apples – Journal of Applied Language Studies 5(3): 79-97.
Google Scholar
Ghose, Partha 2011: “What is Reality? An Introduction to Tagore’s and Einstein’s Views on Reality and Causality,” Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research 28(1): 25-61.
Google Scholar
Ghosh, Amitav 1998: “The March of the Novel through History: The Testimony of My Grandfather’s Bookcase,” The Kenyon Review New Series 20(2): 13-24.
Google Scholar
Gogolin, Ingrid 2009: “‘Bildungssprache’ – The Importance of Teaching Language in Every School Subject,” in: Tanja Tajmel, Klaus Starl (eds.): Science Education Unlimited. Approaches to Equal Opportunities in Learning Science. Münster/New York/München/Berlin: Waxmann Verlag, pp. 91-102.
Google Scholar
Goßens, Peter 2003: „[Review of:] Manfred Koch: Weimaraner Weltbewohner. Zur Genese von Goethes Begriff ‚Weltliteratur‘,“ Arbitrium 21: 195-200.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ARBI.2003.195
Google Scholar
Goßens, Peter 2011: Weltliteratur. Modelle transnationaler Literaturwahrnehmung im 19. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05315-2_4
Google Scholar
Hann, Chris 2007: “Weder nach dem Revolver noch dem Scheckbuch, sondern nach dem Rotstift greifen: Plädoyer eines Ethnologen für die Abschaffung des Kulturbegriffs,” in: Michael C. Frank, Bettina Gockel, Thomas Hauschild, Dorothee Kimmich, Kirsten Mahlke (eds.): Fremde Dinge. (Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften 1/2007.) Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag, pp. 125-134.
Google Scholar
Heydebrand, Renate von; Winko, Simone 2008: “The Qualities of Literatures: A Concept of Literary Evaluation in Pluralistic Societies,” in: Willie van Peer (ed.): The Quality of Literature. Linguistic Studies in Literary Evaluation. (Linguistic Appproaches to Literature 4.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 223-239.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.4.16hey
Google Scholar
Hinderer, Walter 2004: “Wieland’s Cosmopolitan Classicism,” in: David E. Wellbery, Judith Ryan, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Anton Kaes, Joseph Leo Koerner, Dorothea E. von Mücke (eds.): A New History of German Literature. (Harvard University Press Reference Library.) Cambridge, Mass./London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 381-386.
Google Scholar
Hladnik, Miran 1995: “The Study of Literature in its European and American Settings with Reference to Slovene Fiction” (translated by Marc L. Greenberg), Slovene Studies 17: 139-154. DOI: 10.7152/ssj.v17i1.3991.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7152/ssj.v17i1.3991
Google Scholar
Jannidis, Fotis 2003: “Polyvalenz – Konvention – Autonomie,” in: Fotis Jannidis, Gerhard Lauer, Matias Martinez, Simone Winko (eds.): Regeln der Bedeutung. Zur Theorie der Bedeutung literarischer Texte. (Revisionen 1.) Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 305-328.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110907018.305
Google Scholar
Jannidis, Fotis; Lauer, Gerhard; Winko, Simone 2009: “Radikal historisiert: Für einen pragmatischen Literaturbegriff,” in: Simone Winko, Fotis Jannidis, Gerhard Lauer (eds.): Grenzen der Literatur. Zu Begriff und Phänomen des Literarischen. (Revisionen 2.) Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 3-37.
Google Scholar
Kahane, Henry 1986: “A Typology of the Prestige Language,” Language 62(3): 495-508. DOI: 10.2307/415474.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1986.0048
Google Scholar
Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed.) 2012: Sinicization and the Rise of China. Civilizational Processes Beyond East and West. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203127063
Google Scholar
Khondker, Habibul Haque 2005: “Globalisation to Glocalisation: A Conceptual Exploration,” Intellectual Discourse 13(2): 181-199.
Google Scholar
Kirste, Waltraud 2000: ‘Weltliteratur’ de Goethe, un Concepto Intercultural. Tesis Doctoral. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Universidad del País Vasco – Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Available under (downloaded on February 1, 2013).
Google Scholar
Koch, Manfred 2005: „Goethes ‚Weltliteratur‘ – Ein ambivalenter Erwartungsbegriff. Goethe’s ‚Weltliteratur‘ – An Ambivalent Anticipatory Concept,“ in: Bettina Heintz, Richard Münch, Hartmann Tyrell (eds.): Weltgesellschaft. Theoretische Zugänge und empirische Problemlagen. (Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Sonderheft.) Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius, pp. 51-67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110509441-003
Google Scholar
Lamping, Dieter 2010: Die Idee der Weltliteratur. Ein Konzept Goethes und seine Karriere. (Kröner– Taschenbuch 509.) Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag.
Google Scholar
LaVopa, Anthony J. 2001: Fichte. The Self and the Calling of Philosophy, 1762-1799. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Lotringer, Sylvère; Cohen, Sande 2001: “Introduction: A Few Theses on French Theory in America,” in: Idem (eds.): French Theory in America. New York/London: Routledge, pp. 1-9.
Google Scholar
López, Xavier Mínguez 2011: “Local Literature in a Global World? Catalan Literature for Children and Young People,” Sino-US English Teaching 8: 327-336.
Google Scholar
Mack, Michael 2014: Philosophy and Literature in Times of Crisis. Challenging Our Infatuation with Numbers. New York/London/New Delhi/Sydney: Bloomsbury.
Google Scholar
Malmkjær, Kirsten 2011: “Meaning and Translation,” in: Kirsten Malmkjær, Kevin Windle (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies. (Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics.) Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-122.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199239306.013.0009
Google Scholar
Markish, Shimon 1999: “No Theory, Please!,” in: Sture Allén (ed.): Translation of Poetry and Poetic Prose. Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 110. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., pp. 3-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812815170_0001
Google Scholar
Masoomi, Mohsen 2010: The Convergence of the Theory and the Text: An Eclectic Approach to Exploring the Motif of Globality in Mishra and Kundera’s Selected Works. A Thesis Submitted to the University of Pune for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Available under <http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/3832> (downloaded on January 31, 2013).
Google Scholar
Morek, Miriam; Heller, Vivien 2012: “Bildungssprache – Kommunikative, epistemische, soziale und interaktive Aspekte ihres Gebrauchs,” Zeitschrift für angewandte Linguistik 57(1): 67-101. DOI: 10.1515/zfal-2012-0011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2012-0011
Google Scholar
Moretti, Franco 2000: “Conjectures on World Literature,” New Left Review 1: 54-68.
Google Scholar
Murphy, Elena Rodriguez 2011: “The Translator as Rewriter of Postcolonial Literature: Ethical and Intercultural Considerations,” in: Javier Ruano García, María Jesús Fernández Gil, Miriam Borham Puyal, María José Díez García, Santiago Bautista Martín, Pedro Álvarez Mosquera, Blanca García Riaza (eds.): Current Trends in Anglophone Studies: Cultural, Linguistic and Literary Research. (Aquilafuente 172.) Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 43-51.
Google Scholar
OED: Oxford English Dictionary. Updated September 2012 online version of the third edition of September 2011. Available under (accessed on December 21, 2012).
Google Scholar
Oschmann, Dirk 2010: “Die Sprachlichkeit der Literatur,” in: Alexander Löck, Jan Urbich, Andreas Grimm (eds.): Der Begriff der Literatur. Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven. (Spectrum Literaturwissenschaft/Spectrum Literature 24.) Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 409-426.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110225488.409
Google Scholar
Ostler, Nicholas 2010: The Last Lingua Franca. English until the Return of Babel. London: Allen Lane.
Google Scholar
Paranjape, Makarand R. 2011: “Tagore’s Idea of World Literature. A ideia de literatura mundial de Tagore,” Aletria – Revista de Estudos de Literatura 21(2): 27-39. DOI: 10.17851/2317-2096.21.2.27-39.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.21.2.27-39
Google Scholar
Pelletier, Jacques 1986: “La littérature? Quelle littérature?,” Voix et Images 11(3=33): 538-542. DOI: 10.7202/200587ar.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/200587ar
Google Scholar
Perkins, David 1992: Is Literary History Possible? Baltimore/London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Google Scholar
Peters, John Durham 2001: “Seeing Bifocally: Media, Place, Culture,” in: Akhil Gupta, James Ferguson (eds.): Culture, Power, Place. Explorations in Critical Anthropology. Third printing. Durham/London: Duke University Press, pp. 75-92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822382089-003
Google Scholar
Petersson, Anders 2006: “Introduction: Concepts of Literature and Transcultural Literary History,” in: Idem (ed.): Literary History: Towards a Global Perspective. Volume 1. Notions of Literature Across Times and Cultures. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 1-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110894110.1
Google Scholar
Pizer, John 2006: The Idea of World Literature. History & Pedagogical Practice. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
Google Scholar
Rāẏ , Satyendranāth 1983: Rabīndranāther cintājagat·. Sāhityacintā. Rabīndraracanā-saṃkalan. KalꞋkātā: Granthālaẏ.
Google Scholar
Rion, Rosanna 2009: “Translation and Tradition: The Translator as Mediator between Two Literary Systems,” Coolabah 3: 164-169.
Google Scholar
Ritzer, George 2007: The Globalization of Nothing 2. Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi: Pine Forge Press. Roberts, David; Nelson, Brian 2011: “Literature and Globalization: Some Thoughts on Translation and the Transnational,” The AALITRA Review – A Journal of Literary Translation 3: 53-63.
Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Rainer 2003: Verhandlungen des Literaturbegriffs. Studien zu Geschichte und Theorie der Literaturwissenschaft. (LiteraturForschung.) Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1524/9783050081731
Google Scholar
Salzberg, Christopher 2009: Community Translation in a Multilingual Online Environment: Case Study and Theoretical Framework. オンライン多言語環境の中でのコミュニティ翻訳。ケーススタディと理論的枠組み. Doctoral thesis. Tokyo: The University of Tokyo. Available under <http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/thesis-salzberg.pdf> (downloaded on December 6, 2016).
Google Scholar
Samuelsson, Bengt 1997: “1997 Opening Address.” Available under (accessed on December 30, 2012).
Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul 1972: Qu’est-ce que la littérature? (Collection Idées 58.) Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Google Scholar
Schweiker, William 2005: “Intellectual Fences and Cultural Values: The Shifting Boundaries Between Ethics, Practical Theology, and Biblical Studies,” in: Michael Welker, Friedrich Schweitzer (eds.): Reconsidering the Boundaries Between Theological Disciplines. Zur Neubestimmung der Grenzen zwischen den theologischen Disziplinen. (Theologie: Forschung und Wissenschaft 8.) Münster: Lit Verlag, pp. 137-150.
Google Scholar
Schwinn, Thomas 2006: “Konvergenz, Divergenz oder Hybridisierung? Voraussetzungen und Erscheinungsformen von Weltkultur,” Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 58: 201-232.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-006-0053-2
Google Scholar
Simon, Sherry 2002: “Introduction,” in: Sherry Simon, Paul St-Pierre (eds.): Changing the Terms. Translating in the Postcolonial Era. Hyderabad: Orient Longman, pp. 9-29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_578781
Google Scholar
Skinner, John 1998: The Stepmother Tongue. An Introduction to New Anglophone Fiction. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26898-6
Google Scholar
Suleiman, Yasir 2005: “From the Periphery to the Centre of Marginality: Towards a Prolegomenon of Translating Children’s Literature into Arabic,” Intercultural Communication Studies 14(4): 77-91.
Google Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath 1931: The Religion of Man being the Hibbert Lectures for 1930. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Google Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath 1997: Mein Vermächtnis. Aus dem bengalischen essayistischen Werk ausgewählt, übersetzt und herausgegeben von Rahul Peter Das. München: Kösel.
Google Scholar
Ṭhākur, Rabīndranāth 1974: Rabīndra-racanābalī. Aṣṭam khaṇḍa. Reprint. Kalikātā: Biśbabhāratī. Thürmann, Eike; Vollmer, Helmut; Pieper, Irene 2010: Language(s) of Schooling: Focusing on Vulnerable Learners. (The Linguistic and Educational Integration of Children and Adolescents from Migrant Backgrounds, Studies and Resources 2.) Strasbourg: Language Policy Division, Directorate of Education and Languages, Council of Europe. Available under (downloaded on January 9, 2013).
Google Scholar
Tiwari, Bhavya 2012: “Rabindranath Tagore’s Comparative World Literature,” in: Theo D’haen, David Damrosch, Djelal Kadir (eds.): The Routledge Companion to World Literature. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 41-48.
Google Scholar
Tonkin, Humphrey; Frank, Maria Esposito 2010: “Preface,” in: Iidem (eds.): The Translator as Mediator of Cultures. (Studies in World Language Problems 3.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. vii-ix.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/wlp.3
Google Scholar
Urbich, Jan 2010: “Der Begriff der Literatur, das epistemische Feld des Literarischen und die Sprachlichkeit der Literatur. Einleitende historische Bemerkungen zu drei zentralen Problemfeldern der Literaturtheorie,” in: Alexander Löck, Jan Urbich, Andreas Grimm (eds.): Der Begriff der Literatur. Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven. (Spectrum Literaturwissenschaft/Spectrum Literature 24.) Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 9-62.
Google Scholar
Vermeer, Hans J. 2007: “A Holistic Approach to Translation,” in: Idem: Ausgewählte Vorträge zur Translation und anderen Themen. Selected Papers on Translation and Other Subjects. (TransÜD 13.) Berlin: Frank & Timme, pp. 87-104.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.