(Post)pamięć konstruowana cyfrowo
Interaktywna biografia ocalałego – szanse i zagrożenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.20.2023.84.08Keywords:
technology, memory, testimony, second generation, interactivity, biographyAbstract
(POST)MEMORY DIGITALLY CONSTRUCTED: SURVIVORS’ INTERACTIVE BIOGRAPHY – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS
The purpose of the article is to provide a critical discussion of the USC Shoah Dimensions in Testimony project initiated and implemented by the USC Shoah Foundation. The article specifically focuses on the opportunities and threats presented by the ongoing dynamic development of the foundation’s project. Drawing on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, which explores the spatial and temporal distance that separates successive generations from traumatic events, the article examines whether interactive biographies of survivors can be regarded as objects of postmemory that “preserve” (?) witnesses and their stories for future generations. In addition, the article analyzes how such virtual autobiographical identity narratives allow survivor to externalize their experience and transfer memory to the recipients of their testimonies. Ethical considerations regarding the “use” of near-holographic recordings of survivors are also discussed. Based on the collected research material, the article further explores how memory mediated by these objects affects the perception of past events.
Downloads
PlumX Metrics of this article
References
| 116 Cameras, [online] https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000005201010/116-cameras.html.
Google Scholar
Alexander N., Obsolescence, Forgotten: „Survivor Holograms”, Virtual Reality, and the Future of Holocaust Commemoration, „Cinergie – Il cinema e le altre arti” 2021, vol. 19, s. 57-68.
Google Scholar
Babwin D., New Tech, 3-D Holograms Preserve Holocaust Survivor Stories, AP News, 30 X 2017, [online:] https://apnews.com/article/446e1809b5b74e819b3f7efe80edcf45.
Google Scholar
Baum R.N., Remediating the Body of the Witness: Holocaust Testimonies in New Media, paper presented at the International Conference on Bearing Witness More Than Once, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 16 III 2016, [w:] J. Shandler, Holocaust Memory in the Digital Age: Survivors’ Stories and New Media Practices, Stanford 2017, s. 171.
Google Scholar
Billock J., An Exhibit in Illinois Allows Visitors to Talk with Holograms of 13 Holocaust Survivors, „Smithsonian Magazine” 2017, 1 XII, [online] https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/chat-holographic-holocaust-survivor-180967085/.
Google Scholar
Braunstein A., At This Holocaust Museum, You Can Speak with Holograms of Survivors, „The Times of Israel” 2018, 27 I, [online] https://www.timesofisrael.com/at-this-holocaustmuseum-you-can-speak-with-holograms-of-survivors/.
Google Scholar
Dimensions in Testimony, [online] https://sfi.usc.edu/dit.
Google Scholar
Dimensions in Testimony: FAQs, [online] https://sfi.usc.edu/dit/faq.
Google Scholar
Draaisma D., Machina metafor. Historia pamięci, przeł. R. Pucek, Warszawa 2009.
Google Scholar
Fishbane M., Do Holocaust Survivors Dream of Electric Sheep?, „Tablet” 2020, 21 IV, [online] https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/dimensions-in-testimonyholocaust-survivors.
Google Scholar
Grau O., Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion, Cambridge–Londyn 2003, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7104.001.0001.
Google Scholar
Hirsch M., Family Frames: Photography, Narrative and Postmemory, Cambridge–London 1997.
Google Scholar
Hirsch M., Pokolenie postpamięci, przeł. M. Borowski, M. Sugiera, „Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna” 2011, vol. 18, nr 105.
Google Scholar
Hirsch M., The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture after the Holocaust, New York 2012, https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816674695.003.0009.
Google Scholar
Hirsch M., Żałoba i postpamięć, przeł. K. Bojarska, [w:] Teoria wiedzy o przeszłości na tle współczesnej humanistyki, red. E. Domańska, Poznań 2010.
Google Scholar
Holocaust Survivors’ Stories Are Being Preserved with Holograms, „New York Post” 2019, 14 I, [online:] https://nypost.com/2019/01/14/holocaust-survivors-stories-are-being-preservedwith-holograms/.
Google Scholar
Kansteiner W., The Holocaust in the 21st Century: Digital Anxiety, Transnational Cosmopolitan, and Never Again Genocide Without Memory, [w:] Digital Memory Studies: Media Pasts in Transition, red. A. Hoskins, New York–London 2018, s. 110-140, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315637235-5.
Google Scholar
Katz L., Holograms of Holocaust Survivors Let Crucial Stories Live on, 11 II 2013, [online] https://www.cnet.com/news/holograms-of-holocaust-survivors-let-crucial-stories-live-on/.
Google Scholar
Lumsden K., Kevin O’Neill Speaks: The Internet Afterlife, „Redlands Bulldog” 2016, 4 X, [online] https://www.theredlandsbulldog.com/kevin-oneill-speaks-the-internet-afterlife/.
Google Scholar
McLuhan M., Przekazem jest środek przekazu, [w:] M. McLuhan, Zrozumieć media. Przedłużenia człowieka, przeł. N. Szczucka, Warszawa 2004, s. 39-53.
Google Scholar
Migdal S., A New Dimension: Museum of Jewish Heritage Marks 20 Years with an Exhibit for the Ages, [online] https://www.thevillager.com/2017/09/a-new-dimension-museum-ofjewish-heritage-marks-20-years-with-an-exhibit-for-the-ages/.
Google Scholar
New Dimensions in Testimony, [online:] https://ict.usc.edu/research/projects/new-dimen-sions-in-testimony/.
Google Scholar
Papier S., „Hologram” ocalałego. Rozpoznanie, „Widok. Teorie i Praktyki Kultury Wizualnej” 2022, vol. 33.
Google Scholar
Rehagen T., With Help from AI, a Holocaust Survivor’s Story Lives on, [online] https://expmag.com/2022/06/with-help-from-ai-a-holocaust-survivors-story-lives-on/.
Google Scholar
Reich H., How to Talk to Holocaust Survivors in the Future? In Take a Stand’s Holograms, an Answer, „Chicago Tribune” 2017, 21 X, [online] https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/howard-reich/ct-ae-holocaust-museum-center-1022-story.html.
Google Scholar
Sadaj E., Interaktywne hologramy w Muzeum Holokaustu w Skokie. Świadectwa historii ocalone przez technologię przyszłości, „DEON. Portal Radia Deon” 2017, 3 XI, [online] https://deon24.com/interaktywne-hologramy-w-muzeum-holokaustu-w-skokie-swiadectwahistorii-ocalone-przez-technologie-przyszlosci/.
Google Scholar
Shostak A.B., Stealth Althruism: Forbidden Care as Jewish Resistance in the Holocaust, Routledge, London–New York 2017, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315114460.
Google Scholar
Sierzputowski K., Technologia: Pepper’s Ghost, [w:] Słuchając hologramu. Cielesność wirtualnych zespołów animowanych, Poznań 2018, s. 128.
Google Scholar
Skalska T., Pamięć protetyczna, [w:] Modi memorandi. Leksykon kultur pamięci, red. M. Saryusz-Wolska, R. Traba, Warszawa 2014, s. 345.
Google Scholar
Stahl L., Artificial Intelligence Preserving Our Ability to Converse with Holocaust Survivors Even After They Die, CBS News, 27 III 2022, [online] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/holocaust-stories-artificial-intelligence-60-minutes-2022-03-27/.
Google Scholar
Stegmaier S., Ushakova S., The Production of German- and Russian-Language Interactive Biographies: (Trans)National Holocaust Memory between the Broadcast and Hyperconnective Agess, [w:] Digital Holocaust Memory, Education and Research, red. V.G. Walden, Switzerland AG 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83496-8_4.
Google Scholar
Stroh P., How 3D Holograms and AI Are Preserving Holocaust Survivors’ Stories, CBC News, 26 I 2020, [online] https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/holocaust-survivor-hologram-1.5436430.
Google Scholar
Tips and Guidelines for Engaging with Dimensions in Testimony, [online] https://assets.ctfassets.net/r2fjqekz37jz/4uQl99TO62sWKIcGL2Ro6v/873c0a573133da596885ccd30a2ab50c/Tips_and_Guidelines_for_Engaging_with_Dimensions_in_Testimony.pdf.
Google Scholar
The interviewees, [online] https://sfi.usc.edu/dit/interviewees.
Google Scholar
The Who, Where, Why and What about Dimensions in Testimony, [online] https://sfi.usc.edu/dit/faq.
Google Scholar
USC Shoah Foundation Conducts Polish-language Dimensions in Testimony Interview with Marian Turski, [online] https://sfi.usc.edu/news/2022/08/33891-usc-shoah-foundation-conducts-polish-language-dimensions-testimony-interview.
Google Scholar
Wiesel E., And the Sea Is Never Full: Memoirs, 1969-, przeł. M. Wiesel, New York 1999.
Google Scholar
Zalewska M., Holography, Historical Indexicality, and the Holocaust, „Technologies of Knowing” 2016, Spectator 36 (1), s. 25-32.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
