Is the United States Water-Friendly? Water as a (Not) Vital US National Interest
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.22.2025.99.08Keywords:
water diplomacy, water management, water security, the United StatesAbstract
The main aim of the paper is to present the general attitude of the United States(US) to the problem of access to water. This multi-level analysis addresses a range of issues. At the beginning, it is important to highlight the inconsistent water policy in American state and federal regulations. This is due to the hypothesis proposed here – that the US has an ambivalent attitude to water internationally, which is related to the fact that the US does not have a coherent water security policy domestically. A strong statement, and more importantly a decisive action, is absent in US foreign policy concerning water, as domestic US water policy is neglected. Additionally, water in the American economy and infrastructure is another important issue. In addition to their industrial use of water, countries differ with regard to their domestic water use. The highest average water use in the world is in the United States, which leads to another linked issue – water as an environmental problem. All of these issues are of significant importance to water as a phenomenon in the foreign and security policy of states. Despite this, water is generally not considered a core US national interest.
Downloads
References
“2024 Value of Water Index,” US Water Alliance, at https://uswateralliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/VOW-Poll-2024-fact-sheet.pdf.
“America’s Water Crises,” The Guardian, 2020-2022, at https://www.theguardian.com/usnews/series/americas-water-crisis.
Błoch M., “Zmiany klimatu jako czynnik warunkujący transformację przyszłych stosunków międzynarodowych,” Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio I, vol. 43, no. 1 (2018), pp. 215-231, https://doi.org/10.17951/i.2018.43.1.215-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/i.2018.43.1.215-231
Borek P., “Woda jako przyczyna konfliktów zbrojnych w XXI wieku,” Rozprawy Społeczne / Social Dissertations, vol. 12, no. 2 (2018), pp. 32-37, https://doi.org/10.29316/rs.2018.11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29316/rs.2018.11
Burke A., “10 Facts about Water Policy and Infrastructure in the US,” Brookings, 21 March 2017, at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/10-facts-about-water-policy-and-infrastructure-in-the-us/.
Busby J.W., “Water and U.S. National Security,” Council on Foreign Relations, January 2017, at https://www.cfr.org/report/water-and-us-national-security.
Cahan J.A. (ed.), Water Security in the Middle East: Essays in Scientific and Social Cooperation, London 2017.
Calabrese J., “Transatlantic Climate Action in the Gulf and Great-Power Competition,” Middle East Institute, 27 July 2021, at https://www.mei.edu/publications/all-about-china.
Czaputowicz J., Teorie stosunków międzynarodowych. Krytyka i systematyzacja, Warszawa 2007.
“The Economic Benefits of Investing in Water Infrastructure: How a Failure to Act Would Affect the US Economy Recovery,” American Society of Civil Engineers, at https://infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Failure-to-Act-Water-Wastewater-2020-Final.pdf.
“Fact Sheet: The American Jobs Plan,” The White House, 31 March 2021, at https://bidenwhitehouse. archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/31/fact-sheet-theamerican-jobs-plan.
Felter C., Robinson K., “Water Stress: A Global Problem that’s Getting Worse,” Council on Foreign Relations, 22 April 2021, at www.cfr.org/backgrounder/water-stress-global-problemthats-getting-worse.
Frankowski P.K., “Pragmatycznie i eklektycznie o stosunkach międzynarodowych,” Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K, vol. 20, no. 2 (2013), pp. 7-27, http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2013.20.2.7.
van Genderen R., Rood J., “Water Diplomacy: A Niche for the Netherlands?,” Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, December 2011, at www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/20111200_cling_report_waterdiplomacy_rgenderen_jrood.pdf.Gleick P. et al., The World’s Water, Washington 2008.
“Global Water Security,” US National Intelligence Council, 2 February 2012, at https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Special%20Report_ICA%20Global%20Water%20Security.pdf.
Hoekstra A.Y., Chapagain A.K., Globalization of Water: Sharing the Planet’s Freshwater Resources, Oxford 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696224
Holden E., “US States Face Water Crisis as Global Heating Increases Strain on Supplies,” The Guardian, 6 August 2019, at https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/06/us-states-water-stress-new-mexico-california-arizona-colorado.
“The Importance of Water to the US Economy,” Office of Water, November 2013, at https://archive.epa.gov/partners/web/pdf/importance-of-water-synthesis-report.pdf.
“International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development, 2018-2028,” United Nations, at https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-decade.
Jackson R., Sørensen G., Wprowadzenie do stosunków międzynarodowych. Teorie i kierunki badawcze, transl. by A. Czwojdrak, Kraków 2012.
Kamat D., “How US Retreat Will Define the Nile Dam Dispute,” Asia Times, 25 April 2022, at https://asiatimes.com/2022/04/how-us-retreat-will-define-the-nile-dam-dispute/.
Kearney M.S., Harris B.H., Hershbein B., Jácome E., Nantz G., “In Times of Drought: Nine Economic Facts about Water in the United States,” Brookings, 20 October 2014, at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/in-times-of-drought-nine-economic-facts-about-water-in-the-united-states/.
Kelemen D., Knievel T., “The United States, the European Union, and International Environmental Law: The Domestic Dimensions of Green Diplomacy,” International Journal of Constitutional Law, vol. 13, no. 4 (2015), pp. 945-965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov057
Khan M.R., “Climate Change, Adaptation, and International Relations Theory,” in G. Sosa-Nunez, E. Atkins (eds.), Environment, Climate Change and International Relations, Bristol 2016, pp. 14-28.
Kimber C.J.M., “A Comparison of Environmental Federalism in the United States and the European Union,” Maryland Law Review, vol. 54, no. 4 (1995), pp. 1658-1690, http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol54/iss4/14.
Księżopolski K.M., Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne, Warszawa 2011.
Lufkin B., “Why ‘Hydro-Politics’ Will Shape the 21st Century?,” BBC Future, 16 June 2017, at www.bbc.com/future/article/20170615-why-hydro-politics-will-shape-the-21st-century.
Mackinnon A., “The Water War on the US-Mexico Border Has Just Begun,” Foreign Policy, 19 October 2020, at https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/19/water-war-us-mexico-borderjust-begun-chihuahua-boquilla-dam-farmers-drought/.
Marsh D., Stoker G. (eds), Teorie i metody w naukach politycznych, transl. by J. Tegnerowicz, Kraków 2006.
Newman J., “The Water Wars that Defined the American West are Heading East,” Wall Street Journal, 2 December 2019, at https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-water-wars-that-definedthe-american-west-are-heading-east-11575315318.
Nguyen H.T.T., “Theories of US Foreign Policy: An Overview,” World Journal of Social Science, vol. 1, no. 1 (2014), pp. 20-26, https://doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20
Pyć D., “Morskie obszary chronione USA a doktryna zaufania publicznego,” Prawo Morskie, no. 25 (2009), pp. 183-200.
Reed D. (ed.), Water, Security, and US Foreign Policy, New York 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315168272
“Remarks by the Vice President at the Global Water Security White House Action Plan Event,” The White House, 1 June 2022, at https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefingroom/speeches-remarks/2022/06/01/remarks-by-vice-president-harris-at-global-watersecurity-white-house-action-plan-event.
Sosa-Nunez G., Atkins E. (eds), Environment, Climate Change and International Relations, Bristol 2016.
Sultana F., Loftus A., Prawo do wody w perspektywie politycznej, gospodarczej i społecznej. Warszawa 2012.
“Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” United Nations, 2015, at https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda.
“Trump Should Be Mediating the Dispute over the Nile Dam. Instead He is Inciting War,” The Washington Post, 26 October 2020, at www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/trump-should-be-mediating-the-dispute-over-the-nile-dam-instead-he-is-incitingwar/2020/10/26/4747e252-17ab-11eb-aeec-b93bcc29a01b_story.html.
“The United Nations World Water Development Report: Water and Climate Change,” UNESCO, 2020, at https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3892703?v=pdf.
“US Global Water Strategy,” US Agency for International Development, 2021.
“US Government Global Water Strategy,” 2017, at https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/U.S.-Government-Global-Water-Strategy-2017.pdf.
“United States Environmental Protection Agency,” at www.epa.gov.
“Water is life: A Webinar on Choosing Water Over War,” World Beyond War, 20 February 2022, at https://actionnetwork.org/events/water-is-life-a-webinar-on-choosing-water-over-war?nowrapper=true&referrer=&source=.
“Water and Security in an Uncertain World,” Wilson Center, 19 October 2016, at www.wilsoncenter.org/event/water-and-security-uncertain-world.
“Water Security: The Water-Food-Energy-Climate Nexus,” The World Economic Forum 2011, at https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_WI_WaterSecurity_WaterFoodEnergyClimate Nexus_2011.pdf.
“Water Use in Europe – Quantity and Quality Face Big Challenges,” European Environment Agency, 30 August 2018, at www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2018-content-list/articles/water-use-in-europe-2014.
Wells J., “Even in The Drought, America is Leaking Water,” Consumer News and Business Channel, 20 August 2015, at https://www.cnbc.com/2015/08/20/even-in-the-drought-americais-leaking-water.html.
Willingham L., “Report: Lack of Water Access Costs US $8.6B Each Year,” AP News, 28 June 2022, at https://apnews.com/article/health-race-and-ethnicity-economy-climate-environment-0a25965e4d6ed3a22ee9d3a0ffd25a47.
Zeitoun M., “Online IR Research Seminar,” 13 December 2021.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
